The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is the most important non-governmental international organization for standardization in the world. It was founded after World War II and its headquarters is in Geneva, Switzerland. The purpose of the organization is to promote the development of standardization and related work worldwide, so as to facilitate the exchange of international trade and services, and to develop cooperation in knowledge, science, technology and economic activities, so as to promote the globalization of trade in products and services. The international standards formulated by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) have been recognized by its global 100 member countries and regions.
Quality assurance standards were born from the military standards used by American military products. After World War II, the U.S. Department of Defense learned from the experience and lessons of military products quality in World War II and decided to implement quality assurance in the ordering of weapons and ammunition. That is, in the production of ordered goods, suppliers should not only ensure the physical quality of products according to the technical requirements put forward by the demander, but also carry out quality control according to the quality assurance clauses put forward at the time of ordering and incorporated into the contract, and submit quality control documents when submitting goods. This method has prompted the contractor to carry out total quality management and achieved great success. After 1978, the quality assurance standard was introduced into the ordering of civilian products, and Britain formulated a set of quality assurance standards, namely BS5750. Subsequently, many countries in Europe and America have formulated their own quality management standards and implementation rules on the basis of summarizing years of quality management practice in order to meet the new requirements put forward by both suppliers and demanders.
ISO/TC 176 Technical Committee was established by the International Organization for Standardization to meet the needs of adopting quality assurance practices in international trade. On the basis of summarizing and referring to relevant international national standards and practical experience, the Technical Committee issued the first series of international standards for quality management and quality assurance in the world-ISO 9000 series standards on 1987 through extensive consultation. The birth of this standard is a new era of quality management and quality assurance in the world, which has played a very good role in promoting the quality management of industrial enterprises and the quality assurance of both supply and demand sides in the world and promoting international trade exchanges.
(2) Standard features
With the development of international trade and the problems in the implementation of standards, especially the increasing proportion of service industry in the world economy, ISO/TC 176 revised the ISO 9000 quality management standard twice in 1994 and 2000 respectively. Because the standard has absorbed the advanced quality management concept in the world and adopted the quality concept of PDCA cycle, it has strong practicability and guidance for both the supply and demand sides of products and services. Therefore, once the standard came out, it was immediately welcomed by all countries in the world. Up to now, more than 70 countries in the world have directly adopted or converted into corresponding national standards, and more than 50 countries have established quality system certification/registration institutions, forming a worldwide implementation standard and certification "fever". At present, hundreds of thousands of factories, enterprises, government agencies, service organizations and other organizations around the world have introduced ISO9000 and obtained third-party certification. By the end of 2004, there were130,000 units in China that had passed ISO 9000 certification. The latest ISO 9000: 2000 series standards issued by ISO organizations have four core standards:
Tan O9000:2000 Quality Management System Basis and Terminology
Requirements of quality management system of Tan O900 1:2000
O9004:2000 Quality Management System Performance Improvement Guide
Iso19011:2002 quality and/or environmental management system audit guide.
Among them, the requirements of ISO900 1:2000 quality management system are the basic standards for certification bodies to audit, and also the standards that enterprises that want to carry out certification need to meet.
(C) the benefits of certification
The company can bring the following benefits by obtaining ISO9000 certification:
—— Emphasize the customer-centered concept, make it clear that the company obtains and understands customer requirements through various means, determines customer requirements through the operation of various processes in the system, meets or even exceeds customer requirements, and obtains the feeling of customer satisfaction procedures through the measurement of customer satisfaction, thus continuously improving the company's position in customers' hearts and enhancing customers' confidence;
—— explicitly require the top management of the company to directly participate in the activities of the quality management system, formulate quality policies and quality objectives at all levels from the company level, judge the performance of the quality management system by obtaining the realization of quality objectives in time, directly participate in regular management reviews to grasp the overall situation of the whole quality system, and take timely measures for the shortcomings of the system to ensure the adequacy of resources from the company level;
—— Clarify the responsibilities, authorities and relationships of personnel at various functions and levels, and clarify the ability requirements of various personnel in education, training, skills and experience, so as to ensure that they are competent, and ensure the smooth operation of all links of the company by fully participating in the establishment, operation and maintenance of the whole quality system;
—— Clearly control all links that may produce unqualified products, isolate and dispose unqualified products, find out the root causes of unqualified products through institutionalized data analysis, and prevent the occurrence or recurrence of unqualified products through corrective or preventive measures, so as to continuously reduce the cost of poor quality of the company, continuously improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the quality management system through other continuous improvement activities, and realize the continuous reduction of the company's costs and the continuous increase of profits;
-A single third-party registration audit can replace the tedious second-party factory audit, and the third-party professional audit can find the company's problems in a deeper level, and through regular supervision and audit, urge the company's personnel to work according to the quality management system specifications determined by the company;
-Obtaining quality system certification is a stepping stone to obtain customer supporting qualifications and enter the international market, and it is also an important basis for enterprises to carry out supply chain management at present.
(4) Scope of application
Tan O 900 1: 2000 is the basis for enterprises to apply for certification. In the scope of application of the standard, it is clear that this standard is applicable to all walks of life and does not limit the scale of enterprises. At present, international certification enterprises involve all walks of life in the national economy.
(5) Conditions for applying for certification
An organization applying for certification must meet the following basic conditions:
(1) an organization with independent legal personality or authorized by an independent legal person;
(2) Establish a documented quality management system according to the requirements of ISO900 1:2000: 2000 standard;
(3) It has been running for more than three months according to the documented system, and has conducted at least one management review and internal quality system audit according to the requirements of the documents before the certification audit;
Organizations with the above conditions may apply for certification to certification bodies recognized by national accreditation bodies.
Introduction of QS-9000 service
I. Background:
American GM, Ford and Chrysler are world-famous automobile companies, which have a decisive influence on the world automobile industry. Their every move will have a considerable impact on the industry, which is also an important reason why the QS9000 standard formulated by three automobile companies has been adopted by more and more manufacturers after the launch of 1994.
Before QS-9000 became the unified symbol of the three major automobile companies, the three major automobile companies all had their own quality system requirements for suppliers, which became a repetitive workload for many companies that supplied the three major automobile companies at the same time, because they had many similarities.
Under the policy of "* * * one world, one system", the three major American automobile companies (GM, Ford and Chrysler) formulated and launched the QS9000 standard in 1994 through the coordinated efforts of their inter-company working groups. Based on ISO 9000: 1994, consistent quality system requirements are set, and uncoordinated requirements form a single part of the standard, which is implemented by the supplier according to the actual situation, thus forming the basic consistency of quality system requirements.
Second, the standard introduction
The content of QS9000 standard is more than ISO900 1, and its current version is divided into two parts:
Part I: Based on the requirements of ISO9000; Including the fourth part of ISO900 1 standard and several new clauses. These new requirements outline the interpretation of ISO9000 by the three major automobile companies and the special requirements of the automobile industry (such as the approval procedures for production parts, continuous improvement, manufacturing capacity and other requirements);
The second part: the special requirements of customers (three major automobile companies and truck manufacturers); Such as their respective identification practices, key characteristics, evaluation, heat treatment, material identification, labeling, etc.
In addition, the QS9000 standard also includes nine appendices.
In addition to the quality system standard requirements, QS9000 also provides more detailed customer reference (support) manuals to support the implementation of the standard requirements, as follows:
-Quality System Assessment Guide (QSA);
-APQP reference manual;
-Potential Failure Mode and Impact Analysis (FMEA) manual;
-PPAP manual;
-Measurement System Analysis Reference Manual (MSA);
-Basic Statistical Process Control (SPC) Reference Manual.
Among them, the three major automobile suppliers must implement PPAP manuals, and other manuals should be implemented as needed.
Three. development trends
After the first version of QS-9000 was released by the three major automobile companies in 1994, it was revised for the first time in 1995 and the third version was released in 1998. The currently applicable version is the third edition of QS-9000.
After the introduction of ISO version 9000: 2000 in February 2000, more and more people began to pay attention to the development of QS-9000: 1998 based on ISO 9000: 1994. At present, the three major automobile companies have no plans to change the version of QS-9000, which means that the QS-9000: 1998 standard will not change in the near future.
Fourth, the benefits
QS-9000 certification has become the contract requirement of the three major automobile companies and the recognized quality system standard in the automobile industry. Passing QS-9000 certification has gradually become an entry certificate to enter the supply chain of major automobile manufacturers.
QS9000 is actually a set of documents, not an isolated document. In addition to the requirements of QS9000 quality system, it also includes six supporting manuals, which are mutually referenced in QS9000 standard, including a large number of supplier forms. Its beauty lies in requiring all suppliers to adopt the same method, the same form and give the results in the same format. Experience is very important for the automobile industry. Like the three major automobile companies, it is indeed an effective method to sort out and improve their best practices and upgrade them to standards to ensure that they meet the special requirements of the industry. For many supplier enterprises that need to strengthen management but lack practical experience, this is also a shortcut to enter the frontier field of quality management at present.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) can be queried on the website.
Training materials and registered auditors can be found on AIAG's website, authorized institutions (communication forums). The forum is composed of all interested parties in the communication industry, including:
-Service Provider-A company that provides communication services to users.
-Supplier-A company that sells designed and developed communication hardware and software to service providers.
-Certification bodies-companies that provide quality system registration/audit services.
QuEST Forum is a world forum for cooperation and exchange between telecom service providers and product manufacturers. Its goal is to unify the quality system standards of all telecommunications industries, and to formulate and maintain a general quality system management standard TL9000 on the basis of existing standards and practices. The forum is responsible for the formulation, publication and revision of this standard, and maintaining the consistency between TL9000 and other standards. 1998 1 month, the work of establishing TL9000 standard officially began. QuEST forum members drafted the introduction of TL9000, the requirements of hardware, software and services, and the measurement of hardware, software and services. Drafting unit of TL9000 standard 1998, 1 Based on ISO9000: 1994, QuEST Forum has released version 2.5 of TL9000 standard (requirement manual and measurement manual).
With the introduction of ISO900 1:2000 standard, various quality system standards based on ISO9000 standard platform have been adjusted. In March of 20001,QuEST Forum introduced the TL 9000 version 3.0 requirement manual and measurement manual updated according to ISO900 1:2000 standard, and updated the measurement manual in March of 2003.
TL9000 fully adopts the eight quality principles of ISO900 1:2000: 2000, and puts forward various requirements based on the characteristics of the communication industry. It should be said that it is complementary to ISO900 1:2000: 2000 standard in many aspects, and its characteristics are very distinct.
2. Standard functions:
The communication quality standard -TL 9000 provides quality assurance for the growing communication industry and contains many quality management principles. Like other industry standards (QS-9000, AS 9000, etc. ), TL 9000 comes from ISO9000. The requirements of TL 9000 standard refer to the requirements of all ISO 9000 standards, so "conforming to TL 9000 means conforming to the corresponding requirements of ISO 900 1: 2000, and the purpose of QuEST Forum is that once conforming to TL 9000, there is no need to conform to other communication quality management standards". ( 1)
The TL9000 requirement consists of two parts, one is "system requirement", which is based on ISO900 1:2000 standard and has been completely adopted, and the clause 8 1 has been added. The second part is "measurement requirements", which specifies the measurement indicators and calculation methods needed for the implementation of TL9000 in the communication industry. Enterprises implementing TL 9000 must meet the above two requirements.
The requirements of TL 9000 are described according to the modular structure, as shown in the following figure.
Figure: TL 9000 model
3. Benefits brought by ISO14000 to enterprises
QuEST Forum stated in version 3.0/3.5 of TL9000 standard that the goal of TL9000 is to "cultivate a quality management system that can effectively and efficiently protect the integrity and availability of communication products (hardware, software or services)" in the whole communication industry.
We can get the following information from this goal:
First of all, effectiveness and efficiency are two important aspects of system operation, which must be considered comprehensively, and one aspect cannot be overemphasized while the other is ignored. Based on this goal, the communication industry needs consistent measurement (benchmark) to measure the effectiveness and efficiency of the quality management system of each organization, so as to promote the continuous improvement of all enterprises in the communication industry, which is also one of the benefits that the implementation of TL9000 can bring.
Secondly, communication products are often a combination of hardware, software and services. Paying attention to only one aspect of the product (such as the quality of hardware, software or service) cannot guarantee the overall satisfaction of customers. If a customer accepts a computer product with no hardware problem, but its computer software often causes computer system failure, and can't get effective and timely service in case of failure, can you imagine how satisfied the customer is? In addition, we must extend our attention from product quality control within the organization to the availability of communication products in the operation of communication networks. Finally, communication products need to be used in communication networks to produce their real value. The performance of communication products in operation will have a very important impact on the overall performance of the whole industry. From focusing on the internal system of design and production to including the whole life cycle of product operation (support of external system), the support of product use is very important in the communication industry, and maintaining the availability of products is an important goal of TL9000.
In short, QuEST Forum's intention is to meet the requirements of TL 9000, and it will no longer need to meet other quality management standards in the communication industry. The implementation of TL 9000 quality system standard is expected to bring the following benefits to the organization:
-Provide continuous improvement services to customers.
-Strengthen the relationship between customers and suppliers.
-Requirements for a global unified quality system
-Consistent performance and cost-based measurement
-Effectively manage external audits and site visits.
-Reduce total cost and improve competitiveness.
-The competitive position of qualified suppliers has been strengthened.
-Strengthened performance management and performance improvement for subcontractors.
-Create a platform for improvement activities.
4. Scope of application:
TL9000 standard is suitable for the hardware, software, service quality system and their related combinations in the telecommunications industry. The object of TL9000 certification can be a complete company, an organizational unit, a device or a specified production line recognized by suppliers and certification bodies. The certification scope of TL9000 will be specified in the certificate.
5.TL9000 certification process
Companies considering implementing TL 9000 certification should implement the following key steps.
A) determine the scope of certification. And follow the certification guide of "TL 9000 Certification Database System (RRS)".
B) If the quality management system has not been established, it is necessary to formulate and implement a documented quality management system that meets or exceeds TL 9000 and put it into trial operation for more than three months.
C) Conduct self-evaluation and implement any necessary improvement measures to meet the requirements of TL 9000.
D) sign a certification contract with the recognized TL 9000 certification body, and carry out certification according to the selected scope.
Follow the certification, supervision and audit procedures of certification bodies to obtain and maintain TL 9000 certification.
6. Registration process
There are three main steps for an organization to apply for TL9000 registration:
6. 1 Complete the application for TL9000 registration information.
6. 1. 1 Complete the application for TL9000 registration materials through the registration information base system.
Organizations seeking registration must visit QuEST Forum's web page, complete the "TL9000 Registration Profile Application" and enter the TL9000 Registration Information Database (RRS). This can be done by the organization's primary registered contact (PRC) before the TL9000 registration review. Download the "RRS User Guide" from the TL9000 Manual Support Documentation page of QuEST Forum. This guide helps organizations complete the registration process.
6. 1.2 send the required signature to RRS data coordinator.
After completing the TL9000 registration file application, you must log in to RRS and specify the relevant personnel and responsibilities. After specifying the personnel and responsibilities, print the signature card from the browser, sign it and fax it to the data coordinator. (Fax:+1 4 14 765 8665).
6.2 obtaining data setting ID and data submission
6.2. 1 The measurement coordinator must log in to RRS to obtain the data setting ID (one ID for each product).
6.2.2 The measurement coordinator must download the data reporting software package (DSSP), which contains the use guide of DSSP.
6.2.3 Check the data and report to the measurement administrator through DSSP. Once the organization has obtained TL9000 registration, this work must be completed within 8 weeks after the end of each quarter.
6.2.4 After each submission, the main contact person and the measurement coordinator will receive the data confirmation report from the RRS database coordinator. The data confirmation report needs to be provided to the certification body.
6.2.5 The RRS database coordinator will send the quarterly registration summary report to the main contact person. 6.3 Complete the TL9000 registration review.
6.3. 1 During the audit, the following contents shall be provided to the certification body:
Brief introduction of TL9000 registration (including signature columns of main contacts and certification managers of certification bodies, which can be downloaded from the main menu); Data confirmation report with ID set by data. As an option, you can also provide the following contents: you can see the tracking report of ID on the data setting ID management page; Quarterly registration ID summary report.
6.3.2 After the audit is completed, the registration manager of the certification body will review the TL9000 registration materials (hard copy). After approval, sign the brief introduction of TL9000 and fax or mail it to RRS database coordinator. (fax number:+1 4 14 765 8665).
6.3.3 After receiving the signed TL9000 registration information, the RRS database coordinator will verify all the information, ensure that it is consistent with the RRS database information, and mark the places where the certification body or its customers need further explanation.
For more information about TL9000, please refer to www.questforum.org.
References:
http://www.ceprei.org/
Good luck with your work! ~~~