With the rapid development of social economy and the improvement of people's living standards, the automobile penetration rate is getting higher and higher, and the safety of automobile machinery is paid more and more attention. Based on this background, this paper briefly analyzes the automobile safety configuration, discusses the automobile mechanical faults, and puts forward preventive measures from the perspective of fault diagnosis, automobile maintenance and overhaul, aiming at letting people know the basic automobile safety knowledge and safety technology, reducing the incidence of mechanical faults and minimizing the accident harm.
At present, China's automobile manufacturing industry is developing rapidly. China FAW Group Corporation, Dongfeng Motor Corporation, Shanghai Volkswagen Co., Ltd., Shanghai General Motors Corporation and Beijing Hyundai Motor Co., Ltd. are world-renowned automobile manufacturing and production companies. However, from the perspective of automobile troubleshooting and maintenance, the development of automobile machinery safety technology still lags behind the speed of automobile production and development. In particular, all kinds of road traffic accidents related to automobile machinery safety have increased from 10% to 15%, which puts forward higher requirements for automobile machinery safety. Therefore, it is necessary to master the basic knowledge of automobile machinery safety and understand the functions of various safety configurations. In the event of an accident, you can use the knowledge of automobile safety you have mastered to protect yourself as much as possible and reduce the degree of accident injury.
Due to many factors, such as design, production technology, mode of use, maintenance, materials, etc., mechanical failures will inevitably occur in the use of automobiles. Common mechanical faults include abnormal automobile performance, abnormal noise, peculiar smell, overheated engine, abnormal smoke color, abnormal appearance (abnormal tire pressure, body damage, etc.). ) and abnormal driving. Some of these failures are gradually formed, some are sudden, and the reasons are various. First, the quality of the parts themselves. Usually, automobile parts are produced by different manufacturers, which inevitably leads to differences in quality, leading to the existence of wearing parts. Once the original parts have problems, unqualified parts are more likely to lead to mechanical failure;
Second, there are differences in the quality of automotive consumables. Automobile consumables mainly include fuel oil, diesel oil and lubricating oil. Inferior fuel will cause dust accumulation in the combustion chamber, and inferior lubricating oil will cause easy wear and tear of automobile parts; Third, poor driving skills. It is found that the driver's driving skills have certain influence on the mechanical safety of the car. For example, when the driver adjusts the idle speed, it will suddenly rise and fall, which will inevitably lead to early mechanical wear; Fourth, improper daily maintenance. As a consumable, the performance of the car itself will be reduced during use. If the maintenance measures are not in place, it will inevitably affect the mechanical safety of the car. Fifth, the harsh environment of automobile use will seriously damage automobile machinery. For example, when driving on a road with uneven terrain, the car vibrates and bumps, and the machinery is easily damaged. It can be seen that the causes of automobile mechanical failures widely exist in the process of production, use and maintenance. Taking this as a starting point, we should do a good job in automobile safety configuration, formulate automobile machinery safety protection strategies and mechanical fault prevention measures, and eliminate faults in time to avoid safety accidents in automobile use.
Automobile mechanical faults are ever-changing, and fault diagnosis methods are also varied. At present, the common diagnosis methods of automobile mechanical faults are observation, experiment, smell, touch, measurement, instrument development, replacement, observation and partial disassembly. As an automobile driver, you don't need to have professional automobile mechanical fault diagnosis ability, but you need to have basic fault diagnosis knowledge, and you can make basic judgment and analysis on automobile faults and their causes through listening, smelling, observing and touching.
From the auditory point of view, there is always a rhythmic "tick-tock" sound on the upper part of the idle cylinder head when the car is driving, accompanied by the phenomenon of engine spark plug jumping and ringing, indicating that there is something wrong with the engine and exhaust pipe, and it is necessary to immediately check whether the exhaust pipe emits blue smoke and whether the gear meshing gap is too large. On the sense of smell, drivers often smell burning when the car is climbing or under heavy load, mostly because there is something wrong with the clutch. Check whether the pressure plate is in a semi-separated state. In addition, you should also check whether there are cracks or poor contact between the water tank and the upper and lower pipes, because water falling on the hot tub will also give off an odor. During the observation, the driver usually observes: open the cover, check the oil quantity, check whether there is water infiltration, check the state of the battery pile head, and check whether the lines are well connected.
By observing the mechanical appearance inside the machine cover, we can see which parts have problems. In the sense of touch, the fault is diagnosed by the sense of touch of human body and hands on the mechanical parts of the automobile. For example, in the process of forming a car, the driver can judge the running state of the shock absorber according to the vibration of the car, because people who drive often can feel the failure of the shock absorber. For another example, after driving on the highway for a period of time, you should touch the tires with your hands. If the heat is too high, be careful. There are many such cases, which require drivers to accumulate rich driving experience and master driving skills in order to effectively diagnose automobile mechanical faults through hearing, smell, observation and touch.
Automobile maintenance is a basic measure to prevent automobile mechanical failure, which can not only reduce the incidence of mechanical failure, but also delay the wear process of automobile. Therefore, people with cars should often go to professional car maintenance companies to do professional maintenance and overhaul of their cars, which can not only keep the car body clean and new, but also maintain and maintain the technical performance of automobile machinery, so that the car is in a better state of use. In addition, drivers should pay attention to the daily use of cars and constantly improve their driving skills. Good driving skills are conducive to reducing the incidence of automobile mechanical failures and avoiding traffic accidents due to mechanical failures as much as possible.
In a word, the safety of automobile machinery is the basic guarantee for safe driving. Drivers should master the basic knowledge of automobile safety, install automobile safety configuration, constantly improve their driving skills, have certain automobile mechanical fault diagnosis ability, and use simple methods to diagnose and eliminate automobile faults in time to ensure that the automobile safety factor is at a high level and protect their own lives.