It is best to choose mercury sphygmomanometer because of its high accuracy and good reliability. There must be plenty of mercury when using it, and the switch must be turned off after use to prevent mercury from leaking out. Pressure gauges should be trained by qualified personnel.
The accuracy of barometer sphygmomanometer (also known as aneroid manometer) is not as good as that of mercury sphygmomanometer, which usually needs to be calibrated once every six months.
Electronic sphygmomanometer is relatively light and easy to carry and operate. If used correctly, it should be as accurate as the traditional mercury sphygmomanometer. However, it is greatly influenced by environmental noise, cuff movement and friction, and there is an error between the measured blood pressure and the actual blood pressure. Therefore, the mercury sphygmomanometer must be calibrated frequently. Cuff is the best, followed by wrist, and finger sleeve is the least recommended.
How to measure blood pressure? Rest for 5 ~ 10 minutes in a quiet environment, and take a supine position or a sitting position.
The upper limb (usually the right upper limb) is exposed, the elbow should be at the same height as the heart, and the upper arm should be straight and slightly abduction.
The cuff balloon is partially aligned with the brachial artery and attached to the upper arm close to the skin. The lower edge of the cuff should be 2~3cm away from the elbow.
The examiner first touches the arterial pulse at the cubital fossa, and then puts the chest of the stethoscope on the brachial artery at the cubital fossa. Gently press the chest radiograph of the stethoscope to make it closely contact with the skin. Don't push too hard, don't touch the cuff, and don't stay under the cuff.
Inflate the cuff, and auscultate when inflating. After the pulse of brachial artery disappears, raise the column for 20 ~ 30 mmHg, then deflate it slowly, and the column will descend slowly when the eyes are looking up.
When you hear the first sound, the column value is systolic blood pressure. As the column descends, the sound gradually increases, then there is a blowing sound, then the sound suddenly becomes smaller and deeper, and finally the sound disappears. The mercury column value at this time is diastolic pressure.
What should I pay attention to when measuring blood pressure? Because blood pressure has obvious fluctuation characteristics, it needs to be measured repeatedly on different days to judge whether the increase of blood pressure is sustained.
The environment should be quiet; Rest quietly for at least 5 minutes; Do not smoke or drink coffee within 30 minutes before measurement, and empty your bladder; Patients should try to relax, preferably sitting in an armchair; Expose your right upper arm and place your elbow at the same height as your heart.
The measuring tool should be standard, and the cuff size should meet the requirements. The airbag in the cuff should wrap at least 80% of the upper arm, and most people's arm circumference is 25 ~ 35 cm. It is suggested to use the airbag cuff with the width of 13~ 15cm and the length of 30~35cm. Obese people or people with large arm circumference should use large cuffs, and children should use smaller ones.
If the method is proper, the measurement should be repeated every 1 ~ 2 minutes, and the average value of the two readings should be recorded. If the readings of systolic or diastolic blood pressure measured twice are different >: 5mmHg, it is necessary to measure it again and then take the average of the three readings. It is difficult to accurately measure blood pressure in the case of irregular heart rhythm, especially in the case of frequent premature beats or atrial fibrillation, it is necessary to repeatedly measure blood pressure for 6 times and take the average value to reduce the error.
How often should I measure my blood pressure? Because all kinds of activities and emotional changes can obviously affect the rise and fall of blood pressure, patients with conditions can measure their blood pressure every day.
Patients with mild to moderate hypertension or severe hypertension whose condition is relatively stable can have their blood pressure rechecked every 3 to 7 days at the beginning of treatment, every half month after blood pressure control, and once a month for patients with mild illness. For patients with severe illness and rapid changes, blood pressure 1 ~ 2 times a day can be measured. For critically ill patients with rapid changes in blood pressure, blood pressure should be measured every few minutes to dozens of minutes.
What is the reason for blood pressure fluctuation? The error of electronic sphygmomanometer is large, so it should be checked regularly with standard mercury sphygmomanometer. Mercury column sphygmomanometer must have enough mercury, and the concave surface of mercury in the calibration tube should be just on the scale. 0? The mercury column switch is turned on before use and turned off after use.
Incorrect measurement method: the upper arm position is higher than the heart level, which can make the measured blood pressure value lower than the actual value, and vice versa. The sphygmomanometer should be placed in front of the measurer, so it is difficult to read the blood pressure value correctly when looking down and up. Don't measure blood pressure continuously, take a break between every two measurements, let the blood flow in the upper arm return to normal, and deflate slowly at the same time, otherwise the error will be too big.
Patients with arrhythmia such as atrial fibrillation have different cardiac output every time. When measuring blood pressure, there may be different values at different times, so it is necessary to measure it several times and take its average.
Improper balloon size: if the cuff is too wide, the measured blood pressure will be lower than the actual one, and if the cuff is too narrow, the measured blood pressure will be higher than the actual one. Therefore, the cuffs should be used by children and adults, and the cuffs of upper limbs and lower limbs should be separated.