First, establish a drip irrigation system. In design, the buried depth, length and irrigation area of the pipeline system should be designed according to the basic conditions such as topography, site, unit, soil quality, crop planting mode and water source characteristics. Irrigation methods of water and fertilizer integration can be pipeline irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, micro-sprinkler irrigation, pump pressure drip irrigation, gravity drip irrigation, infiltration irrigation, small tube outflow and so on. It is especially forbidden to use flood irrigation, which will easily lead to nitrogen loss and reduce water use efficiency.
Second, the fertilization system. Quantitative fertilization should be designed in the field, including location, capacity, outlet, fertilization pipeline, distribution valve, water pump and fertilizer pump.
Third, choose the right type of fertilizer. Optional liquid or solid fertilizers, such as ammonia, urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, magnesium sulfate and other fertilizers; Powder or small pieces are preferred for solid state, which requires strong water solubility and less impurities. Granular compound fertilizer (including Chinese and foreign products) is generally not suitable for use. If biogas slurry or humic acid liquid fertilizer is used, it must be leaked to avoid blocking the pipeline.
Fourth, the operation of irrigation and fertilization.
1. Dissolution and mixing of fertilizers: there is no need to stir or mix when applying liquid fertilizers. Generally, solid fertilizers need to be stirred into liquid fertilizers by adding water, and separated when necessary to avoid precipitation and other problems.
2. Fertilization quantity control: When fertilizing, the dosage should be well controlled, and the concentration of injected fertilizer solution should be about 0. 1% of irrigation flow. If the irrigation flow is 50m3/ mu, the injected fertilizer solution is about 50l/ mu; Excessive application will cause crop death and environmental pollution.
3. The process of irrigation and fertilization is divided into three stages: the first stage, no fertilization, wetting with water; The second stage, applying fertilizer solution for irrigation; In the third stage, the irrigation system is purified with water without fertilization.
In a word, the integrated technology of water and fertilizer is an advanced and practical technology to save costs and increase efficiency. In conditional agricultural areas, as long as the initial investment is solved and the technical force is supported, its popularization and application will become an effective measure to help farmers increase their income