1. Precautions for wearing a mask in winter
Whether to wear a mask or not depends on "looking at the sky"
In real life, some people who are afraid of the cold wear big masks all day, thinking that they can keep out the cold. Actually, this is unscientific. The surface of human respiratory tract, such as nasal cavity, throat and trachea, is covered with many mucous membranes, and there are microvessels under the mucous membranes.
When the nose sucks in cold air and enters the lungs through winding pipes, it is close to body temperature. This physiological function of the human body is enhanced through exercise, thus improving the cold tolerance. If you wear a mask, the nasal mucosa and the whole respiratory tract will not get exercise, and if you catch a little cold, you will easily catch a cold. Therefore, it is not good for your health to "put a mask on your mouth" all day in winter.
However, winter is the high incidence of haze weather. Smog contains a large amount of PM2.5, which is easy to enter the human respiratory tract, irritate mucous membranes and even damage the lungs, and easily induce various diseases including respiratory infections.
At this time, the adverse effects of wearing a mask on human health are lighter than the dirty particles in the air in foggy days.
To sum up, under the weather conditions of good visibility and clean air, it is not necessary to wear a mask; It is recommended to wear a mask in foggy weather.
There is no need to wear a professional protective mask.
At present, there is no national standard for civil masks, and the quality of masks on the market is mixed. Be sure to choose masks with big brands and formal product packaging and instructions, such as disposable medical surgical masks or gauze masks with more than 12 layers. Don't be greedy and cheap, buy masks at stalls without health permits.
You don't need to wear professional protective masks such as N95 and N99 to filter PM2.5. Theoretically, the more airtight the protective material of the mask is, the better the effect of blocking particles is. On the contrary, the more airtight the mask is, the more obvious the increase in respiratory resistance is, and the more difficult it is to breathe. Wearing professional protective masks such as N95 and N99 requires training, otherwise it will easily lead to dyspnea and dizziness due to lack of oxygen.
There is no need to wear a mask all day. Once the visibility improves and the smog disappears, or in the clean air environment such as cars and indoors, you can take off the mask. In addition, when using the mask, avoid alternating use of both sides and replace it at least once a day; Clean and disinfect the worn masks every day. When cleaning the mask, you should first put the mask in boiling water for a few minutes, then take it to the sun to dry, so as to play the role of sterilization and disinfection.
People who wear glasses should pay attention to removing the fog from their lenses.
In winter, if you wear a mask and glasses at the same time, trouble will come-the hot air you exhale will definitely pass through the gap between the nose corners on both sides and the mask, and get between the lens and the eyes. A little longer, the lens will be blurred by fog, which will greatly affect people's sight and activity safety.
There are still some ways to remove the fog from the lens. It is best to choose a resin lens or "anti-fog lens" with good heat dissipation. You can also buy "anti-fogging agent for glasses" in the market. General antifogging agents have the functions of "cleaning, decontamination, frost prevention, antifogging and vision protection". They are non-irritating to skin, non-corrosive to mirrors and easy to use. They can be used for 65,438+0-3 days without fogging.
Of course, you can also make your own "anti-fog glasses". First, put the completely dissolved soap slices into 10 ml warm water to make soap solution, then pour 30 ml glycerol, preferably a few drops of turpentine, and finally stir evenly, and the "anti-fog glasses" will be made successfully. When in use, just coat the antifogging agent on the lens and then wipe it with the glasses cloth. The antifogging agent can be used continuously for 3-4 hours. This method is most suitable for people who are often outdoors in winter and wear glasses and masks at the same time, because once anti-fog water is used, glasses lenses can be worry-free for half a day.
2, the correct way to wear a mask
Many people don't know how to wear a mask correctly, so they don't have to worry about covering their nose and mouth. In fact, there are many precautions.
Generally speaking, the use of masks, masks must be the right size, wearing the right way, masks will be effective. Masks sold in the market are generally divided into rectangular and cup-shaped ones.
Rectangular masks must have at least three layers of paper to protect them. The user must press the wire on the mask on the bridge of the nose, and then spread the whole mask along the bridge of the nose to play its role.
Respiratory experts say that you should wash your hands before wearing a mask, and then take out the mask and put it in a separate small packaging bag.
Fasten the rope to fix the mask first, tie the headband to the head and neck respectively, so that the mask is close to the face, and the mask should completely cover the nose and chin.
Take medical masks as an example. There is a flexible metal strip at the top. After wearing it, you should press the metal strip with your fingers to make the mask close to both sides of your nose and cheeks, and then pull the lower edge of the mask with your hands to make it fit your chin.
When wearing N95 mask, it is easy to cause dyspnea. Patients with respiratory diseases and cardiovascular diseases should consult a doctor before wearing it.
Many people wear masks casually, often exposing their nostrils outside the mask, or hanging the mask on their chin and ears. These methods are wrong.
The position of the mask should be under the eye socket, which can cover the nose and mouth, so as to play a corresponding role.
If you hang the mask on your chin or ears, the inner layer of the mask will be easily contaminated with dust and bacteria, but it will not play a health care role.
In addition, some people's masks have been wet by hot air, saliva, etc. But they still insist on wearing it. You know, if the mask is always wet, the air permeability will be bad and the function of blocking bacteria will be reduced.
After wearing a mask, avoid touching the mask to avoid reducing protection.
3. How to choose a mask
1. Cotton mask
Cotton masks are the most common masks, which are very popular in many styles. However, there is a gap between wearing this mask and the face, and cotton masks can't stop fine dust, and sometimes even large particles of dust can pass through, which has no effect on preventing smog.
2. Medical masks
Many people have heard of medical masks and think that such masks should be omnipotent, but this is not the case. Medical masks actually have the same problems as cotton masks, so they have no effect on smog prevention.
3. Professional masks
In order to prevent smog, professional masks are the choice of many people. N95 is a mask that many people are familiar with. This mask has no pressure in the case of PM2.5, and many people think that everything will be fine as long as they wear it. In fact, this kind of mask is not suitable for wearing for a long time because of its good sealing, otherwise it will easily cause hypoxia.
Step 4: Skills
Friends who don't go out at home don't need to wear masks, but for health, they can configure some air purifiers to reduce the harm of smog to the human body.