The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China regards "coordinating urban and rural economic and social development and building modern agriculture" as an important strategic task of building a well-off society in an all-round way. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee regards promoting the construction of modern agriculture as the primary strategy of building a new socialist countryside. The proposal of the Central Committee on formulating the 11th Five-Year Plan for national economic and social development once again emphasizes the need to "promote the construction of modern agriculture", which has become the consensus and action of the whole party and society. The background of this strategy is that China's per capita GDP exceeds US$ 65,438+0,000, the proportion of agricultural GDP in the total GDP has dropped from 27.05% in 1990 to 65,438+0.5% in 2004, and the proportion of the labor force engaged in agriculture has increased from 65,438+0,60 in 1990. The level of urbanization rose from 26.4% in 1990 to 4 1.8% in 2004. The relationship between supply and demand of agricultural products has changed from a long-term shortage to a basic balance of total output. The contradiction of agricultural production has gradually changed from ensuring supply to meeting demand, and the function of agriculture has changed from ensuring food security to providing food security. China's economy has entered a new stage in which industry feeds back agriculture and cities support rural areas. At present, comprehensively promoting the construction of new socialist countryside has put forward new and higher requirements for comprehensive agricultural development. While promoting the development of production, comprehensive agricultural development should improve the utilization rate of agricultural resources, optimize agricultural structure and improve agricultural efficiency. On the basis of improving the comprehensive grain production capacity, we will focus on developing vegetable gardening, large-scale animal husbandry and characteristic aquaculture, vigorously promote the scale of efficient agriculture, and promote the sound and rapid development of agriculture and rural economy. In promoting a well-off life, comprehensive agricultural development should focus on increasing farmers' income, cultivate and strengthen leading agricultural enterprises by improving agricultural production conditions, support agricultural industrialization, improve the processing conversion rate and market competitiveness of agricultural products, and promote farmers to increase their income and become rich. In promoting the cleanliness of villages, comprehensive agricultural development should consider the construction of agricultural production facilities and rural living facilities as a whole, organically combine farmland infrastructure construction and environmental improvement in the project area, and broaden the content of infrastructure construction for comprehensive agricultural development.
Heihe city, as the main grain producing area in China, is rich in land resources and has good natural ecological conditions. Especially in the southern three counties, cultivated land accounts for 70.8% of the city's cultivated land area, and the agricultural population accounts for 76.9% of the city's agricultural population. Soil and accumulated temperature, sunshine, precipitation and other climatic conditions are relatively suitable. There are two reclamation bureaus in the region, Bei 'an and Jiusan, which have a good foundation for developing modern agriculture. Therefore, in the 11th Five-Year Plan, our city proposed to build a modern agricultural industrial belt from Bei 'an to Wudalianchi to Nenjiang, accelerate the development of modern agriculture, and strive to achieve a good start in building a new socialist countryside. In this process, I think we should focus on five aspects.
First, emphasize modernization. Modernization is the key to improve the comprehensive agricultural production capacity, promote agricultural efficiency and increase farmers' income. The first is the irrigation of farmland. According to statistics, the economic losses caused by drought and flood disasters in three southern counties alone amount to about1-10.50 billion yuan each year. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of farmland water conservancy, strengthen supporting facilities and reduce disaster losses. The water-saving irrigation project should be large and suitable for dry land, expand the effective irrigation area and improve the comprehensive utilization rate of water resources; Flooding-prone plots should strengthen flood control and drainage projects, prevent soil erosion, improve production conditions, and enhance their ability to resist disasters and avoid risks. The second is agricultural mechanization. According to the survey, the soybean yield per mu of state-owned farms in Heihe region is about 70 kilograms higher than the average planting of farmers, mainly due to the large-scale agricultural machinery supporting and high level of agricultural machinery operation. Therefore, it is necessary to combine the establishment of agricultural machinery cooperatives, promote the upgrading of large machinery, and expand the coverage of agricultural machinery farming. Actively guide "organic households" and large breeders to form a consortium, promote the renewal of agricultural machinery and equipment, and improve the level of operation. The third is the popularization of advanced technology. In history, every major breakthrough in science and technology has brought new impetus to agriculture. Advanced modern technologies such as chemical fertilizers, pesticides and tractors increased grain output by 30 times in the 20th century. Therefore, we must attach great importance to the promotion of advanced technology. In terms of seeds, it is necessary to thoroughly implement the improved seed project, speed up the introduction and cultivation of improved seeds, promote the renewal of improved seeds, and fundamentally improve crop quality. In terms of fertilizers, we will promote new biological fertilizers such as compound fertilizer, concentrated fertilizer, controlled release fertilizer, special fertilizer, protein fertilizer and biological regulator. In terms of pest control, technologies such as high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides and biological control are promoted. In livestock and poultry breeding, the introduction and popularization of embryo transfer, frozen breeding, animal sex control and other improved seed breeding technologies. The fourth is the standardization of agricultural production. Last year, soybeans planted according to standardized procedures in Bei 'an City reduced the production cost by 100 yuan per hectare on average, and increased the yield by more than 400 kilograms, with considerable benefits. It is necessary to improve the quality and safety inspection and testing system of agricultural products in accordance with the agricultural standardization operation procedures, and carry out quality and safety monitoring of agricultural products' origin environment, agricultural and sideline products, agricultural inputs, pesticide residues and veterinary drug residues to ensure product quality. Establish and improve the agricultural standard system, promote the construction of a comprehensive demonstration zone for standardized production, and gradually implement the whole process of standardized production of agricultural products. In a word, we should use advanced science and technology to transform agriculture, improve the content of science and technology and improve the level of agricultural production.
Second, highlight industrialization. It is conducive to promoting the rational distribution of agriculture, extending the industrial chain, realizing ladder value-added and accelerating agricultural industrialization. The first is to optimize the regional layout of agriculture. Only by optimizing the layout can we realize specialized production and intensive management and effectively avoid market risks. The three counties (cities) of Bei 'an, Nenjiang and Wudalianchi should strive for a national large-scale commodity grain base of one million mu, focus on developing advantageous industries of wheat and beans, and continuously expand the production scale of characteristic green products such as hemp, potato, vegetables and medicine. For all localities, we can focus on the natural characteristics and industrial advantages of the region, highlight "one township, one industry" and "one village, one product", specifically divide the industrial pattern, and promote small-scale and large-scale commodity production bases. For example, Bei 'an suburban township focuses on developing vegetable production, and Zhao Guang Town focuses on developing northern medicine cultivation; Wudalianchi "double high" soybean production base construction, mainly in Xinfa, Xinglong, Shuangquan and other plain towns, Longzhen high-quality wheat production base, Longzhen, Taiping potato production base, Xinglong, construction of vegetable production base and so on. It is very conducive to the formation of characteristic industrial belts and the improvement of specialized production level. The second is to adjust and optimize the agricultural structure. Adjusting agricultural structure is an important measure to build modern agriculture and improve comprehensive benefits. According to the development goal of "optimizing industry, improving quality, increasing scale and efficiency", we will adhere to the strategy of differentiated competition and winning by characteristics, focus on the production of excellent, special, special and green products such as "double high" soybeans, high-quality wheat and special potatoes, accelerate the development of animal husbandry and aquaculture with "two Niu Yi sheep" as the main body, and improve the scale and level. The third is to cultivate leading enterprises. Implementing industrialized management and developing agricultural products processing industry are important ways to promote the transformation of agricultural growth mode. The output value of agricultural products processing in developed countries is 2-3.7 times that of agriculture, while that in China is only 60%. In accordance with the modern enterprise system and market rules, while actively supporting leading enterprises with existing advantages, we will cultivate a number of large-scale agricultural products deep processing enterprises with good market prospects and strong driving ability, improve the interest linkage mechanism among enterprises, bases and farmers, and promote enterprises to increase efficiency and farmers' income.
Third, highlight integration. Counties (cities) included in the planning of modern agricultural industrial belt should further strengthen the strategy of big agriculture, big market, big circulation and big opening. One is to carry out in-depth field work in counties. According to the survey, the soybean yield per mu of state-owned farms in Heihe region is about 70 kilograms higher than the average planting of farmers, mainly due to the large-scale agricultural machinery supporting and high level of agricultural machinery operation. At the same time, through the * * * construction in the county, large farm machinery is encouraged to carry out cross-regional operations of more than 2.4 million mu, saving farmers more than RMB150,000. Therefore, we should focus on agricultural production, industrial base construction, small town construction and social undertakings, and extend from agricultural cooperation to industrial cooperation at the level of cooperation, from asset cooperation to capital cooperation in the content of cooperation, and from economic cooperation to all-round cooperation in the field of cooperation. Based on the principle of common planning, common struggle, common construction and common benefit, we carefully selected, packaged and promoted a number of key projects in the aspects of comprehensive development of agricultural resources, high-efficiency agriculture, ecological agriculture, characteristic agriculture, development of northern medicine and forestry management, introduced domestic and foreign talents, funds, advanced technology and management concepts, and paid special attention to encouraging funds and management. The second is to develop export-oriented agriculture. To develop modern agriculture in border areas, we must give full play to regional advantages and strive to improve the degree of extroversion. Heihe River faces Russia across the river. More than 60% of Russia's land is idle and the contract price is low. At the same time, more than 60% of Russian agricultural and sideline products are imported from China. These are the advantages of developing export-oriented agriculture in our city. It is necessary to expand the production and export scale of tomatoes, Chinese cabbage, shallots and other vegetables, and increase export to earn foreign exchange. Strengthen agricultural science and technology exchanges and cooperation with Russia, and introduce advanced technologies and fine varieties. Expand the export of labor services to Russia and promote the development of overseas agriculture. Third, actively explore domestic and foreign markets. Focusing on strengthening the marketing service of agricultural products, we will vigorously develop new marketing methods such as online trading and agency, chain, distribution and wholesale. Strengthen the research, development and utilization of international agricultural science and technology, markets, policies and other information resources, establish a multi-level international agricultural information exchange and service mechanism, and improve the level of local agricultural industry. Vigorously support export enterprises and trade associations to participate in overseas exhibitions and promotional activities, promote cooperation and exchanges, accelerate the establishment of a fast and efficient green channel for agricultural products export, and expand the international market.
Fourth, highlight ecologicalization. In a sense, ecological agriculture and modern agriculture complement each other. Only when the ecological environment is protected can modern agriculture achieve sustainable development. The first is to develop ecological agriculture. The production of high-quality, characteristic and efficient agricultural products cannot be separated from the support of a good ecological environment. In accordance with the requirements of sustainable development, we will vigorously implement returning farmland to forests and grasslands, effectively conserve water sources, improve the ecological environment, and ensure stable and high-yield agriculture. Further expand the scale of bases such as Hippophae rhamnoides L. and Northern Medicine, and promote the simultaneous appearance of forestry ecological benefits and economic benefits. Strictly control the operation and use of highly toxic and residual pesticides and biodegradable plastic films to protect basic farmland from pollution. The second is to develop agricultural circular economy. The main feature of circular economy is "resources-products-waste-renewable resources", and the ultimate goal is to reduce resource consumption, reduce environmental pollution and improve economic, social and environmental benefits. According to the principle of "integration, coordination, recycling and regeneration", combined with the characteristics of resources and environment, we will promote the production methods suitable for local natural conditions and economic development requirements, and promote the application technologies such as returning straw to the field and rapidly decomposing fertilizer to make gas, and develop and utilize new energy sources such as solar energy, hydropower, wind energy and geothermal energy at low cost and high efficiency to improve the rural environment. The third is to develop sightseeing. Developing leisure, tourism, ecology and sightseeing agriculture can further increase the added value of agriculture and promote its sustainable development. Relying on Wudalianchi scenic spot, radiating surrounding scenic spots and developing eco-tourism agriculture; Develop sightseeing agriculture based on pastoral areas, orchards, vegetable gardens and farms; Develop leisure agriculture based on manor agriculture, courtyard agriculture and citizens' "farmhouse music"; Relying on villages and towns with outstanding folk culture characteristics, develop folk sightseeing agriculture; Relying on biological theme parks, suburban agriculture, factory farming and high-tech agriculture, we will develop urban science and technology sightseeing agriculture. Turn the agricultural production process into tourism resources and promote the synchronous development of related industries.
Fifth, highlight systematization. A perfect supporting system is an important support for the development of modern agriculture. First, strengthen the construction of agricultural logistics system. On the one hand, we should strengthen the construction of rural transportation network. Implement rural highway access projects and unobstructed projects, accelerate the construction of rural and village road networks, and improve traffic conditions. Accelerate the construction of road transport infrastructure such as passenger stations in urban-rural fringe and rural township passenger stations, and enhance the comprehensive service capacity of road transport. On the other hand, we should strengthen the construction of circulation system. Eliminate market blockades and administrative barriers between industries and regions, build a multi-level, multi-type and multi-functional agricultural product circulation system, and promote the circulation and sales of agricultural and sideline products. Establish a standardized supervision mechanism to ensure the safe storage and circulation of agricultural products. The second is to strengthen the construction of the fund guarantee system. According to the requirements of the public finance framework, when arranging the budget, we should focus on agricultural work and various social undertakings in rural areas. Conscientiously implement the policy of benefiting farmers such as "one exemption and three subsidies" and effectively reduce the burden on farmers. This year, the provincial financial funds for supporting agriculture increased by about 6,543.8 billion yuan compared with the previous year, which will be mainly used to support the construction of agricultural and rural infrastructure and the development of social undertakings. We should seize the opportunity, do a good job in projects and strive for progress. Support rural credit cooperatives to deepen reform, enhance vitality, improve credit capacity, and provide sufficient funds for farmers' production. The third is to strengthen the construction of agricultural information system. A good piece of information can make the rich side. The establishment and perfection of information system has accelerated the pace of modern agricultural development. It is necessary to further broaden the channels of agricultural information acquisition and editing, speed up the popularization and application of information technology, and improve the timeliness, scientificity and pertinence of agricultural information. Establish and improve the rural economy, policies and regulations, natural resources, seeds and seedlings, pesticide pest control, agrometeorology, soil, ecological environment, agricultural products market analysis and other databases, and guide farmers to make full use of them. The fourth is to strengthen the construction of rural cooperative economic organizations. Adhere to the principle of "owned by the people, governed by the people and benefiting the people", encourage farmers to set up various professional cooperative economic organizations and trade associations, and improve the marketization of farmers. Reduce market access conditions, cultivate various professional intermediary organizations, and provide farmers with services such as science and technology, information, capital, materials and product sales. The fifth is to strengthen the construction of agricultural service system. Establish and improve the three-level service network of city, county and township, strengthen service functions and improve service level. Encourage scientific and technical personnel to lead and establish service entities, give full play to the role of township agricultural service centers, and help farmers do a good job in the prevention and control of crop diseases and insect pests and livestock and poultry diseases. Through various effective forms, strengthen training, comprehensively improve the quality of farmers, especially improve professional production skills, and improve farmers' ability to organize production and accelerate wealth.