Chen Jibiao of China Resources Tianneng Liu Quan Coal Mine
The behavior subject of coal mine safety production work is coal miners. Employees are also the decisive factor in safe production, and most accidents are often caused by human factors. Through the statistical analysis of 550,000 accidents in 1973, Heinrich, an American safety engineer, found a rule: among 330 similar accidents involving the same worker, 300 did not cause injuries, 29 caused light (heavy) injuries, and 1 caused deaths. It's called 300: 29: 1 accident law. And 300: 29: 1 is only a statistical conclusion of hundreds of thousands of figures. For a specific operator, as long as there is such a violation, casualties may occur in 1, the 330th or one of the 330th. Therefore, people's safety awareness has a direct impact on safety production.
Safety awareness has certain plasticity, which provides theoretical support for coal mine safety education and training. Safety education and training is considered to reshape people's consciousness, attitude and behavior.
Under the new situation of coal mine safety production development, coal mine safety training needs to keep pace with the times, innovate ideas, and improve the safety quality and safety skill level of coal mine workers in a practical and effective way. Below I put forward some ideas on some effective ways of coal mine safety training.
1, the current problems in coal mine safety education and training.
Coal mine safety education and training is a purposeful and planned social activity process. In this process, coal mine safety training is a mandatory requirement clearly stipulated by national laws and regulations, which can be regarded as an external thrust. Whether educated coal miners will change their safety awareness and behavior depends on whether this external thrust is recognized, digested and absorbed by workers. If employees recognize it, after self-digestion and absorption, it will produce an internal driving force to drive employees' ideas and behaviors to change. This shows that safety education and training is an external process. External factors need to play a role through internal factors, one of which is the internal reaction of trainees. If the trainees react strongly, the effect of safety education and training will be very good, otherwise, the effect will be unsatisfactory.
At present, there are two main problems in coal mine safety education and training: first, there are problems in the external thrust of safety training, which is manifested in the short-sighted behavior of some enterprise leaders and managers, only looking at immediate interests and ignoring long-term interests, and ignoring the long-term role of safety education and training in improving the quality of employees. Ignore the construction of hardware facilities, teachers, training management institutions, managers, training management rules and regulations, enterprise training responsibility system and enterprise training network. , make the training work in a state that can be allocated or cope with the inspection by superiors, and also make the trainees' understanding of the training work in a state of passive coping. Second, the overall safety technical quality of coal mine workers is not high, which is manifested in: the quality of workers is "one high, two low and one chaotic" (old age, low education level, low professional skills, chaotic thoughts and behaviors); Heavy production tasks, long working hours and prominent contradiction between work and study; The incentive and assessment mechanism for employees' safety training is unreasonable, and they learn too much and are criticized too much, which leads to fear of learning.
2, the effective way of coal mine safety education and training under the new situation.
(1) Change the concept and improve the understanding of safety education and training. It is the most basic work of coal mine safety production to attach importance to coal mine safety education and training as the state attaches importance to basic disciplines. Strengthen the construction of software and hardware, rules and regulations, safety training responsibility system, training network and assessment mechanism of coal mine safety education and training institutions. We should attach importance to safety education and training, improve and update the knowledge of safety production, strengthen the training and improvement of employees' safety awareness, and improve management level and safety operation skills.
⑵ Solve the two contradictions and timely supplement and update the safety education and training materials.
At present, the contradiction between coal mine engineering and learning is prominent, which is an important reason why the quality of safety education and training can not be improved. It makes the foundation of employees' internal reaction weak, and the internal driving force cannot be effectively exerted, thus cutting off the meeting point between safety education and training and employees' needs, and expanding the gap between the theoretical "reactivity" and practical "reactivity" of safety education and training. At present, some four-level training institutions in some coal mines in Jiangsu try to implement safety education and training in full-time or semi-full-time form, which is conducive to solving the outstanding contradiction between work and study.
The contradiction between industry and education is also a prominent contradiction. As a four-level training institution, most teachers in Ampei are the backbone of the front line of safety production. As part-time teachers, their main job is in the underground, so the time and energy for preparing lessons and teaching can not be guaranteed, and the teaching quality can not be guaranteed. This requires enterprise leaders to be far-sighted and clearly stipulate by administrative order that part-time teacher Ampere should be given a certain amount of time for safety education and training.
It has been six or seven years since the establishment of coal mine safety education and training institutions. At present, most of the teaching materials are still issued when the organization was established, some are incomplete, and some small jobs have no teaching materials so far. The systematic distribution and updating of teaching materials can't keep up with the development of coal mine safety education and training, and it also limits the improvement of safety education and training quality.
⑶ Pay close attention to teaching process management and key link management to improve teaching quality. Teaching management is one of the key tasks of coal mine safety education and training, and the quality of management directly affects the teaching quality. As a manager of safety technology training, we should broaden our knowledge and improve the level of teaching management. Secondly, we should start with the management of teachers and students, highlight the key links of teachers' teaching preparation, teaching quality, classroom discipline, teaching tracking and teaching evaluation, grasp the combination point between teachers and students, let students have ideas, stimulate their internal drive, and digest and absorb new knowledge to the maximum extent.
(4) Highlight the reality of coal mine safety production and the education and training of coal mine quality standardization and operation standardization. Coal mine safety education and training can not be divorced from the actual work of coal mine safety production. In this process, theoretical study should strengthen the study of key and difficult knowledge points, and more importantly, the focus of practical work in coal mines-quality standardization and operation standardization should be included in the teaching focus, so that students can learn the main purpose in their work and understand what to do in their work, what is the standard of work and how to do it. In particular, students should set an example, bring confidence and strength to students, teach operational skills according to standardized requirements, and improve their comprehensive quality.
5] Carry out various activities and pay attention to the demonstration and publicity effect of enterprise leaders and managers. The forms of coal mine safety education and training are rich and colorful, and various activities can be integrated with knowledge, interest and education, which is a good way to combine education with activities. Such as "No accidents around party member", "Technical Training", "Technical Competition" and "Safety Knowledge Competition". Enterprise leaders and management teams should consciously become exemplary executors of the policy of "safety first, prevention first", and those who are truly responsible for safety production should be good at inspiring employees' enthusiasm with their exemplary role and good quality, so that enterprises can form a lasting situation of safety production.
[6] Establish incentive policies for coal mine safety expectations to stimulate the internal driving force of employees. The expectation of superiors to subordinates exerts a subtle influence on employees' work mood and performance. When employees feel positive expectations and policy incentives from their superiors, they often try to actively realize such expectations, do what their superiors expect, have positive performance and better work performance, and get expected and proud returns. Leaders of coal mine enterprises should establish a systematic expectation incentive mechanism from the beginning of safety education and training, and turn the advantages that everyone wants safety into the basis of employees' internal response, so as to stimulate employees' internal driving force. With the expectation incentive mechanism as the external thrust, trainees should actively respond to safety education and training, take the initiative to accept safety education and training and even form self-education, thus changing employees' ideology, psychological quality, emotional attitude and behavior, and achieving the best results of safety education and training.
In a word, the purpose of safety education and training is to improve employees' safety awareness and standardize safety operation through education and training. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to broaden all kinds of safety education and training channels, adopt various methods and ever-changing forms, stimulate the inner voice of trainees, and make the effect of safety education and training lively and fruitful.