Lubrication: lubricant is added between two relatively moving contact surfaces, thus forming a lubricating film between the two friction surfaces, separating the surfaces in direct contact, and transforming dry friction into internal friction among lubricant molecules, thus reducing friction, reducing wear and prolonging the service life of mechanical equipment. This is lubrication.
The function of lubricating oil is:
1, reducing friction: adding lubricant to the friction surface can reduce the friction coefficient, thus reducing the friction resistance and saving energy.
2. Reduce wear: The lubricant between rubbing surfaces can reduce wear caused by abrasive wear, surface fatigue and adhesive wear.
3. Cooling effect: The lubricant can absorb heat, transfer heat and dissipate heat, thus reducing the temperature rise caused by friction heat.
4. Rust prevention: The lubricant on the friction surface can prevent corrosion caused by air, water droplets, water vapor, corrosive gases, liquids, dust and oxides.
5. Power transmission: In many cases, lubricants have the function of transmitting power, such as hydraulic transmission.
6. Sealing function: the lubricant forms a seal on some exposed parts, which can prevent the invasion of moisture and impurities.
7. Shock absorption: It can absorb impact energy when subjected to impact load, such as automobile shock absorber.
8. Cleaning function: impurities can be taken away through the circulation of lubricating oil and filtered out through the filter.
Overview and classification of industrial lubricants
Industrial lubricants mainly includes hydraulic oil, gear oil, turbine oil, compressor oil, refrigeration oil, transformer oil, vacuum pump oil, bearing oil, metalworking oil (liquid), antirust grease, cylinder oil, heat treatment oil and heat conduction oil. In addition, there is grease with lubricating oil as base oil and thickener. Users in industrial lubricants are enterprises from all walks of life. Generally, they use many varieties and large quantities, which depends not only on the price of the products, but also on the quality and technical characteristics of the products, and also on the quality of technical services. Therefore, technical marketing in industrial lubricants is more important.
Enterprises that use industrial lubricants have relatively concentrated machinery and equipment, and need purposeful and targeted technical exchanges. This is also the main form of pre-sales technical services.
Industrial lubricants's basic performance and main selection principle is viscosity, so it must be introduced first. GB/T3 14 1-94 is the ISO viscosity classification of industrial liquid lubricants, which is equivalent to the international standard ISO3448- 1992. Generally speaking, under the working conditions of medium speed, medium load and low temperature, lubricating oil with medium viscosity is selected; Under the working conditions of high load, low speed and high temperature, choose high viscosity lubricating oil or extreme pressure antiwear lubricant; Under the working conditions of low load, high speed and low temperature, choose low viscosity lubricating oil; Under the special requirements of wide high and low temperature range, light load and high speed, synthetic lubricating oil is selected.
The basic performance and main selection principle of grease is penetration, and the consistency grade of grease is divided by penetration. Therefore, it should also be introduced to users. Penetration is a common index to control the working consistency of various lubricating greases, which is used to indicate the performance of lubricating greases entering friction points and the hardness of lubricating greases. - j，t * Y * p7k； J Generally speaking, when bearing with grease bears heavy load and low speed, grease with small penetration should be selected. On the contrary, when the load is small and the rotating speed is high, grease with high penetration should be selected. Synthetic grease should be used in a wide range of high and low temperatures, light load, high speed and low temperature and other special requirements.
Industrial lubricants has many kinds, varieties, different technical performances and a wide range of technologies involved. Hydraulic oil is the most widely used industrial lubricant. Take this variety as an example to explain briefly.
In the hydraulic transmission system, hydraulic oil, as an energy transmission medium, can transmit power, reduce friction, isolate worn surfaces, suspend pollutants, control the oxidation of components and have cooling effect. Various hydraulic systems have different types, structures and working conditions. In order to meet the requirements of various systems, hydraulic oil must have certain properties, such as viscosity, viscosity index, relative density, wear resistance, low temperature, acid value, flash point, oxidation stability, demulsification, hydrolysis stability, foaming, deflation, shear stability, rust prevention and filtration. According to GB11118.1-94, hydraulic oil is divided into the following varieties according to the composition purpose, and each variety has different viscosity grades.
HL hydraulic oil is made of neutral base oil with high refining depth and antioxidant and antirust additives. Used in hydraulic equipment of general machine tools to reduce the wear and tear of parts, reduce the temperature rise and prevent rusting.
HM hydraulic oil is made of neutral base oil with high refining depth and viscosity index greater than 95, and added with antioxidant, antirust agent and antiwear agent. Therefore, it has good wear resistance and can be used in high-speed and high-pressure hydraulic systems.
HG hydraulic oil is made by adding anti-stick and anti-slip additives (oiliness agent or friction reducer) on the basis of HM hydraulic oil. It has good anti-oxidation, anti-rust and anti-wear properties, and also has excellent anti-stick-slip performance. It is used in hydraulic system of machine tool and lubrication system of guide rail to reduce vibration and intermittent sliding (stick-slip) of guide rail at low speed, but it is not suitable for high-pressure hydraulic system.
HV hydraulic oil is prepared from base oil with viscosity index greater than 130, and added with antioxidant, antirust, antiwear, viscosity index improver and pour point depressant, which can be used for hydraulic equipment working in cold areas and harsh environments.
HS hydraulic oil is a synthetic hydraulic oil. It uses α -olefin synthetic oil with excellent low-temperature performance as base oil, and adds various additives similar to high-pressure hydraulic oil to make low-temperature hydraulic oil with pour point not higher than -45℃, which is suitable for hydraulic equipment working in cold areas and harsh environments.
Classification of industrial lubricants
straw oil
Hydraulic oil
Food-grade hydraulic oil l for food industry
turbine oil
Circulating oil
lube oil
Food grade transmission oil
compressor oil
Refrigeration compressor oil
Hydrocarbon compressor oil
Processing oil
transformer oil
light oil
heat transfer oil
To form oil from oil
slushing oil
Pneumatic tool oil
Guide rail oil
Spindle cylinder oil
Chain oil
Food-grade chain oil chain oil for food industry
Saw blade oil saw with oil
Various industrial oils, various industrial oils.
I hope it helps you! ~
There are a lot of books, you can buy them at Xinhua Bookstore!
Trade magazines include Lubricating Oil, Youshi Commercial Technology, Synthetic Lubricating Materials, China Industrial Lubrication, Lubricating Oil Guide and Acting Lubricating Oil.