On the origin of innovative thinking
(1) In the process of personnel exchange in different professions,
We all feel the same way. In the communication between people of different professions and levels, you will suddenly open the mystery for many years. Therefore, it is very important for researchers to strengthen communication. Sometimes attending an academic conference, you don't listen to anything, but it gives you an idea, which is already very rewarding! To put it bluntly, the emergence of this idea is actually an outbreak of so-called inspiration under the stimulation of other people's reports. For most people, it may be difficult to learn a major again, so communicating with people from different majors may be a more effective way to gain innovative thinking.
This problem can be said to be bigger. This is the production process of Haifu ultrasonic focusing knife with independent intellectual property rights in China. Professor Wang majored in obstetrics and gynecology. When communicating with engineering scholars, he asked whether ultrasound can be used for tumor treatment if it is focused. In this way, an original innovation came out. We can imagine that the equipment for generating ultrasonic waves and focusing ultrasonic waves is the specialty of engineering scholars; Problems that biology professionals think are complicated or even unsolvable may be a piece of cake for them! This is also one of the important reasons why the composition of many research groups has changed. There are medical biology, engineering, computer, mathematics, physics, chemistry and chemical engineering in the research group, and such a team is very effective.
(2) Interdisciplinary learning process
There is a great man around us who has won five NFSC general projects and one key project in succession. Investigating his study experience is: undergraduate in normal college, master in agricultural university, doctor of medicine, and later doing some cooperative research in biophysics with a comprehensive university. The background knowledge of this interdisciplinary subject is an important basis for his broad thinking. His thinking is divergent and multi-directional. When he thinks about medical problems, he can skillfully connect very basic problems in physics or chemistry with them. At first, you will find this kind of thinking strange and difficult to understand, but after listening to his analysis and explanation, you will feel suddenly enlightened, and finally you will get the support of the National Natural Science Foundation. In him, such examples abound. It has also become an example for us to learn.
It's not surprising. Many people abroad may have had similar experiences. I don't know much about other majors. I only know that those scientists who are engaged in medical biology have a solid knowledge of basic subjects, so that they also get a result. In their discussion, we will always meet the possible significance of this result in science, but we may not be able to do it! This is also their brilliance and interdisciplinary strength! In this sense, a veritable double bachelor's degree may sometimes be more likely to produce innovative thinking than a linear master's degree obtained by the same school.
Therefore, we should attach great importance to interdisciplinary learning, which is very beneficial to expand our thinking.
(3) when I first came into contact with new fields.
Just as we are particularly vigilant and concerned about everything around us when we first enter a new environment in our daily life, so is doing scientific research. Your knowledge structure and professional background for many years may collide with any details of anything in the new field at this moment, leading to cremation. After this time, cremation may be less and less, and the mindset will gradually form. Therefore, we should cherish this time and cherish this opportunity!
I remember I was admitted to master of medicine (a clinician) and transferred to a basic research institute. Contact is a relatively unfamiliar field, a research field, which is very different from that of clinicians. It was during my first time in the research room that I had many new ideas and ideas. Although many of them were proved ridiculous by later work, some useful ideas emerged from them, and my boss was also very happy about it. After that, there is little new idea; In the end, my thinking was similar to theirs, with no innovation.
It was this process that made me really realize that my doctorate must not be studied in the same unit where I got my master's degree! We should absorb other new ways of thinking and research models.
(4) People with many ideas and tricks.
Dividing people into scientific research is not suitable for everyone. As far as medicine is concerned, some people are particularly good at clinic, while others are particularly good at scientific research and innovation. Others have developed scientific research thinking and have many strange new ideas. Such people may have better innovative thinking. You can have a rough idea of what kind of job you should be suitable for.
You will also benefit a lot from communicating with such people!
(5) Pay attention to the accidents during the experiment.
Many domestic scientific research projects already know the results when they start the demonstration, which is actually a very bad tendency. In this case, sometimes the experimental results are just the opposite of what we expected, or there are new situations that we didn't expect at all. However, this is probably the real result of the problem. Therefore, at this time, don't simply think that this is an error or an accident in the experiment, but think that this may be the beginning of a new discovery! This is the first sign of innovation and discovery! ! Under this guiding ideology, experiments should be repeated to confirm whether the so-called accident is the true nature of things or some kind of interference and illusion. Once confirmed by experiments, this may be a good starting point.
The role of creative thinking
First of all, creative thinking can continuously increase the total amount of human knowledge and promote the level of human understanding of the world. Because of the potential characteristics of its object, creative thinking is manifested in marching into unknown or incomplete fields, constantly expanding people's knowledge range and constantly turning the unknown into something that can be known and already known. Every discovery and creation in science increases the total amount of human knowledge and constantly creates conditions for human beings to enter the realm of freedom from the realm of necessity.
Thinking ability. The acquisition of this ability depends on people's profound understanding of history and present situation, keen observation ability and problem analysis ability, and the accumulation and expansion of knowledge in peacetime. Every creative thinking process is a process of exercising thinking ability, because in order to gain an understanding of the unknown world, people must constantly explore thinking methods and perspectives that have not been adopted by predecessors, and must creatively seek unprecedented methods and means in order to correctly and effectively observe, analyze and solve problems, thus greatly improving human cognitive ability of the unknown. Therefore, the improvement of cognitive ability is inseparable from creative thinking.
Third, creative thinking can open up a new situation for practice. The originality and risk characteristics of creative thinking endow it with the spirit of daring to explore and innovate. Under the control of this spirit, people are not satisfied with the present situation and existing knowledge and experience, and always try to explore the unknown essence and laws in the objective world, and take this as a guide to carry out pioneering practice and open up new fields of human practical activities. In China, it was Deng Xiaoping's creative thinking that put forward Socialism with Chinese characteristics Theory, which led to the earth-shaking changes in China and today's vigorous reform practice. On the contrary, if there is no creative thinking and human beings enjoy success on the basis of existing knowledge and experience, then human practical activities can only stay at the original level and the field of practical activities is very narrow.
Creative thinking is the main way and content of human activities in the future. The industrial revolution in history has not completely liberated people from manual labor, but the new technological revolution in the world has brought about changes in production and comprehensive automation, freeing people from mechanical labor and machines and engaging in mental work of controlling information and programming. The popularization and application of artificial intelligence technology enables people to engage in some simple thinking activities with certain logical rules, which can be completed by artificial intelligence, thus partially liberating people from simple mental work. In this way, people will have enough energy to apply their knowledge and intelligence to creative thinking activities and push human civilization to a new height.
Training methods of creative thinking and innovative thinking
First of all, brainstorm.
Brainstorming is the most familiar creative thinking strategy, which was advocated by Osborn as early as 1937. This method emphasizes the method of collective thinking, pays attention to stimulating each other's thinking, and encourages participants to conceive a large number of ideas and produce novel ideas within the specified time. Although brainstorming is mainly carried out in groups, it can also be used to stimulate thinking when individuals think about problems and explore solutions. The basic principles of this law are: concentrate on putting forward ideas without evaluating them; Don't limit the space for thinking, encourage more ideas, the better.
Since then, the improved brainstorming method refers to using the spirit or principle of brainstorming method to stimulate the creativity of the participants in the group.
Second, the 3322 discussion method
This method can be summarized as: every two or three people are free to form a group, and within a time limit of three minutes, they can exchange views and share with each other on the topics discussed. Report to the team in three minutes.
Three, six six discussion method (Phillips 66 skills)
The discussion method is a group discussion method based on brainstorming. The method is to divide the large group into groups of six people and have a six-minute group discussion, each with one minute. Then go back to a large group to share and make a final evaluation.
Four, Mind Mapping (mind mapping)
It is a thinking method to stimulate thinking and help integrate ideas and information, and it can also be said to be a thinking strategy to visualize ideas. This method mainly adopts the concept of iconology, and uses lines, figures, symbols, colors, words, numbers and other ways to quickly summarize ideas and information to form a mind map. Structurally, it has the characteristics of openness and systematicness, allowing users to freely stimulate diffuse thinking, exert their associative power, organize various ideas in layers, stimulate the brain to make various reactions, and give full play to the diversified functions of the whole brain thinking.
Five, Datura method
Datura method is a kind of thinking strategy which is helpful to divergent thinking. It uses a diagram like a nine-square grid to write the theme in the center, and then writes all kinds of ideas or associations caused by the theme in the other eight circles. This method can also be combined with six ways to think in many aspects.
Six, reverse thinking method
It is a way of thinking to get creative ideas. This technology can be divided into seven categories. If we can make full use of it, creativity can be doubled.
Seven, the main points (Synectics)
Gordon pointed out a set of solutions to group problems in his book Synectics: The Development of Creativity in 196 1. This method mainly integrates different and unrelated elements to generate new ideas/features. Division uses the role of simulation and metaphor to help thinkers analyze problems and produce different views.
Eight, attribute list technology.
It is a famous creative thinking strategy advocated by Crawford in 1954. This method emphasizes that users observe and analyze the characteristics or attributes of things or problems in the creative process, and then put forward ideas for improvement or change according to each characteristic.
Nine, hope point enumeration method
This is an ideal and desire to constantly raise hopes and how to become better. And then discuss the skills to solve the problem and the improvement countermeasures.
Superiority enumeration method
This is a way to list the advantages of things one by one, and then explore ways to solve problems and improve countermeasures.
XI。 Defect enumeration method
This is a technology that constantly reviews the shortcomings and omissions of a thing, and then explores ways to solve problems and improve countermeasures.
Twelve. Checklist method
Checklist method is to make a list when considering a certain problem, and check each inspection direction one by one to avoid omission. This method can be used to train employees to think carefully and help to conceive new ideas.
Thirteen. Seven. Review method (5W2H review method)
It is an extension of the six-way review method. The advantages of this method urge the discussants to think skillfully and solve problems from different levels. The so-called 5W refers to: why, what, who, when and where; 2H means: how and how much.
Fourteen Catalogue method
The more orthodox name is forced correlation method, which means that when considering solving a certain problem, while browsing the information catalogue, the information that appears in front of you is forced to correlate with the topic being thought about, so as to get ideas from it.
Fifteen, creative solutions to problems
Parnes( 1967), an American scholar, put forward the teaching mode of "creative problem solving", which was developed from thinking strategies such as brainstorming advocated by Osborn. The key point of this model is that in the process of solving problems, problem solvers should systematically and step by step find out the methods to solve problems.
Famous sayings of innovative thinking
1. As a future president, he should be able to inspire and discover innovative ideas. Sweeney (USA)
2. The most effective innovation is surprisingly simple. In fact, the highest praise an idea can get is that others say: I understand this at first glance. Why didn't I think of that?
3. Innovation is the soul of a nation's progress and an inexhaustible motive force for the country's prosperity. anonymous
4. Innovation should be the main feature of entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs are not speculators or misers who only know how to make money and save money. On the contrary, they should be creative talents who are brave in innovation, adventure and pioneering. Schumpeter (Austria)
In the future, the value of products produced in developed countries will only come from the labor and capital goods of blue-collar workers, but mainly from ideas and innovations. Gifford Pinshaw came in third.
6. Even the Japanese should now go beyond the stage of imitating, introducing and adopting other people's technology, and learn to make real technological innovation by themselves (peter drucker).
7. There are a lot of innovations based on ingenious ideas. Even if the percentage of success is relatively small, they still become an important source of opening up new industries, providing new jobs and adding new activities to the economy. peter f. drucker
8. For innovation, method is a new world, and the most important thing is not knowledge, but ideas. Lang jiaming
9. Innovation requires creativity. Corporate culture should advocate creativity and then turn it into innovation, which will lead to the success of competition. American futurist
10. If you start with affirmation, you will end with a question. Start with questions and end with affirmations. bacon