(1) Giant panda: also known as panda. Mammals. Fat, bear-shaped, about 1.5 meters long and about 66 cm high at the shoulder. Eyes, ears, front and rear limbs and shoulders are black, and the rest are white. Living in a bamboo forest at an altitude of 2000-4000 meters, I like to eat bamboo and sometimes eat small animals. Good at climbing trees, sexually lonely and unsociable. Only produced in a few places in Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu. It is a rare animal unique to China, and it is a national first-class protected animal.
(2) Zhu: birds. The male is nearly 80 cm long and the female is slightly smaller. Feathers are mostly white, some are pink, and there are some long drooping willow feathers on the neck. The forehead, eyes, the top of the head, the bottom of the mouth, tarsal bones and bare calves are red. Living near swamps and mountain streams, perching on tall trees, eating crabs, frogs, small fish, snails and beetles. A class of protected animals in China.
(3) Golden monkey: also known as snub-nosed monkey. Mammals. The body length is about 70 cm and the tail length is equal to or longer than the body length. There is shiny long hair on the back, and the hair on both sides of the face, chest and hind legs is red. Living in the alpine forest at an altitude of 2500-3000 meters, living in groups and feeding on wild fruits, buds and bamboo shoots. Distributed in Sichuan, Gansu and southwestern Shaanxi. A class of protected animals in China.
(4) White-headed langur: mammal. It is about 50 cm long, with a small head, a long tail and slender limbs. The head is white with a crown, and the hair on the back of the body is longer and denser than the hair on the abdomen. Living in tropical and subtropical broad-leaved forests, living in social trees, rarely going to the ground, eating wild fruits, leaves and flowers. Produced in Yunnan, southwestern Guangxi and northern Vietnam. A class of protected animals in China. (There are also langurs, which are also a kind of animal protection. )
(5) Antelope: also known as pronghorn. Mammals. Length 1.7m ~ 2.2m, shoulder height 1m ~ 1.3m, and the maximum weight is 350kg. The tail is short and both sexes have short horns. The whole body is brown or dark brown and the eyes are black. They usually live at an altitude of 3,000-4,000 meters, and go out for food at night, eating grass, branches and bamboo shoots. Distributed in China, Sichuan, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu and other places. A class of protected animals in China.
(6) baiji: also known as baiji. Mammals. Body length 1.5m ~ 2.5m, round head and long mouth, about 30cm. The back is light blue-gray, the abdomen is white, and the fins are white. Living in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China, Dongting Lake and Qiantang River. China endemic animals, national first-class protected animals.
(7) Black-necked crane: birds. Large wading bird, about1.4m long. The head, neck and flight feathers are all black, the tail feathers are also black, the body feathers are gray, and the appearance is black and white, which is easy to identify. They mainly inhabit swamps with high aquatic plants, feed on fish, frogs, snails and shrimps, breed in alpine swamps with an altitude of 3,500 m to 5,000 m in Qinghai and western Sichuan, and migrate to Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan for the winter. The only alpine species among cranes is a class of protected animals in China.
(8) Chinese alligator: reptile. It is more than 2 meters long and has 6 rows of horny scales on its back. The back is dark brown with yellow spots and yellow stripes; The ventral surface is gray with yellow spots and stripes; There is a gray-black ring on the tail. Five fingers on the forelimb, no webbed; The hind limbs have four fingers and webbed. They dig holes in ponds and swamps, feed on fish, frogs, birds and mice, and live in caves in winter. Distributed in Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Jiangxi. Endemic to China, a kind of protected animals.
3. Some rare plants in China
(1) Cryptomeria fortunei: evergreen tree, up to 20 meters high. Branches are parallel and branchlets are hairy. Two kinds of leaves, the leaves on the long branches are scattered radially, 4 cm ~ 5 cm long; Impeller on the short branch, 2.5 cm long, linear, with white pores at the lower part. Cones are produced in Guangxi, Sichuan, Hunan, Guizhou and other places. Found in 1956, it is a precious tree species unique to China.
(2) Metasequoia glyptostroboides: deciduous trees, with a height of 35 meters and a DBH of 2.5 meters. The lateral branches are opposite and pinnate. The leaves are strip-shaped, flat, and 1.3 mm ~ 20 mm long, alternately paired to form two rows, which are pinnate. The cone is drooping, nearly quadrangular spherical or short cylindrical, about 18 mm ~ 25 mm long. Produced in Sichuan, Hubei and Hunan. Found in 194 1 year, it is a rare tree species unique to China.
(3) Davidia involucrata: also known as water pear. Deciduous trees, 15m ~ 20m high. The leaves are broadly ovate, the apex is acuminate, the base is heart-shaped, and the edges are serrated. Spherical head with two ivory bracts at the base, oblong or oval, about 7 cm long and 3 cm ~ 5 cm wide. Endemic to China, distributed in Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan. When flowering, white bracts cover the treetops, just like a flock of pigeons, so it is also called "China pigeon tree". World famous ornamental plants.
(4) Ginseng: a perennial herb. 30 cm to 60 cm high. Spindle-shaped or cylindrical fleshy roots, short stems, palmately compound leaves, three to six rounds. Flowers are small, yellow-green, umbels. Fruit oblate, red. Produced in northeast China, North Korea and other places, it has excellent medicinal value and is one of the "three treasures of Kanto".
In order to protect nature and natural resources, especially rare animal and plant resources, protect the natural environment and represent the ecosystems of different natural regions, the state has designated certain protected areas, which are called nature reserves. China has designated more than 400 nature reserves, of which 10 is mainly for the protection of giant pandas. 1After May 1983, bamboos in Laishan, Minshan and Qinling successively bloomed and died, which seriously threatened the survival of giant pandas. The State Council has allocated special funds to rescue giant pandas and instructed relevant provinces to do a good job in protection. The Ministry of Forestry and Sichuan, Shaanxi, Gansu and other provinces have successively set up leading groups to rescue giant pandas and organized 52 patrol observation groups. The state has also established some giant panda farms to house and raise the affected giant pandas.
The establishment of nature reserves not only protects and develops precious animal and plant resources, but also studies the ecological and biological characteristics of rare animals and plants by using nature reserves, providing scientific basis for introduction and domestication, and providing provenances for mass propagation and cultivation of new varieties.
Because the nature reserve preserves the complete natural environment and ecosystem, it is of great value for people to study natural resources, natural history, natural conditions, the relationship between living and non-living things and environmental protection monitoring activities. It is an important base for people to further explore and deeply understand the laws of nature.
Since 1995, the wildlife resources and wetland resources have been investigated respectively; There are plans to protect more than 60 kinds of endangered and rare wild animals, such as giant panda, golden monkey, Zhu Huan, Chinese alligator, South China tiger, wild horse, snow leopard, wild donkey, white-lipped deer, elk, Hainan Polu, Danxiang crane, black-necked crane, yellow-bellied pheasant, high-nosed antelope and so on, as well as silver fir, yew, Panzhihua, cycad, camellia and Zan. The migration law of migratory birds was studied. The investigation of ecological diversity, the evolution trend of ecosystems and the restoration of damaged ecosystems in the main forest climate zones in China were carried out, and the 1 1 forest ecosystem long-term positioning research station was established. Popularize technologies such as artificial breeding of giant pandas, artificial incubation of red-crowned cranes, artificial breeding of Chinese alligators, birds' rings and integrated prevention and control of forest diseases and insect pests, and formulate and popularize the overall design standards of nature reserve projects, the protection standards of forest germplasm resources and the management model of nature reserve management files. The State Forestry Administration has also held many training courses and workshops on nature reserve management, waterfowl wetland protection management, wildlife protection management, wildlife import and export management, wildlife resource survey, wildlife domestication and breeding, characteristic tourism in nature reserves, and information system management in nature reserves, so as to improve the management level of on-the-job personnel in protecting biodiversity. The information system of nature reserves has also been initially established.
Nature reserves refer to the land, land water bodies or sea areas where representative natural ecosystems, rare and endangered wild animals and plants, natural relics with special significance and other protected objects are located, and certain areas are demarcated according to law for special protection and management. The construction of nature reserves is of great strategic significance for protecting natural resources and biodiversity, maintaining ecological balance and promoting the sustainable development of national economy.
The construction of nature reserves in China began in 1950s. After nearly 50 years' efforts, by the end of 2003, the number of nature reserves in China had grown to 1999, with an area of14.398 million hectares, accounting for about 14.37% of the national territory, and a network of nature reserves with complete types and basically reasonable layout was initially formed nationwide.
Among the established 1999 nature reserves, there are 226 national nature reserves with an area of 887 12900 hectares, 655 provincial nature reserves with an area of 39977200 hectares, 339 municipal nature reserves with an area of 4269 1000 hectares, and county nature reserves. There are 0/4 nature reserves/kloc-4 in Changbai Mountain, Dinghushan Mountain, Wolong Mountain, Wuyishan Mountain, Fan Jing, Xilin Gol, Bogda Peak, Shennongjia, Yancheng, Xishuangbanna, Tianmu Mountain, Maolan, Jiuzhaigou and LAM Raymond, which are listed in the "International Network of Man and Biosphere Reserves" by UNESCO. Six nature reserves, including Zhalong, Xianghai, the source of Poyang Lake, East Dongting Lake, Dongzhai Port and Qinghai Lake, have been included in the list of internationally important wetlands. With the establishment of these nature reserves, 70% of terrestrial ecosystem species, 80% of wild animals and 60% of higher plants in China, especially the rare and endangered wild animals and plants under special state protection, have been well protected in nature reserves. At the same time, these nature reserves also play an important role in water conservation, soil and water conservation, wind and sand fixation, and regional microclimate stability.