1, the smallest unit of a pixel lattice image, is also the basic element of the image.
A bit computer performs data operations in binary mode, and one bit of the binary is called a bit. An eight-bit binary number is called a byte.
A range of colors that can be expressed by color gamut printing or screen display. 2.BMP BMP is an image file format defined by Microsoft Windows. It was first applied to Microsoft Windows Windows system, and now it has become the de facto industrial standard of Windows system in PC environment.
TIF(TIFF) tag image file format, literally translated into tag image file format. At present, the most widely used image format is Macintosh and PC.
3. The blank near the binding place is called binding; The other side is called an incision. The pound is the unit of measurement for typesetting, and the smallest units of English letters are pound, 1 inch and 72 pounds.
Class-4 optical phototypesetting era refers to the text size, and class-4 refers to1mm.No. refers to the particle size in the lead printing era, with the largest special number of 72 pounds and the smallest number of 8 of 5 pounds.
2. What are the printing knowledge of graphic design training?
First you need to know 1. General paper printing can be divided into black and white printing, spot color printing and four-color printing, and more than four colors are multi-color printing. 2. Patterns and characters printed on objects and metal surfaces can be divided into screen printing, pad printing, hot stamping (gold and silver) and flexographic printing (plastic products).
The first point: you need to know the size of the paper.
According to the size, folio is usually divided into three types: large format, medium format and small format. For 787* 1092 paper, 12 is a large format, 16~36 is a medium format, and 40 is a small format, but books with characters as the main content are generally medium format. General size can be divided into large size and normal size. Specifically, if you search for "folio size" on Baidu, a lot will come out. What I want to tell you now is the size of commonly used printed matter:
Business card:
Horizontal version: 90 * 55mm 85 * 54mm
Vertical version: 50*90mm 54*85mm
Square version: 90*90mm 90*95mm
Triple advertising:
Standard size: (A4) 210mm x 285mm.
General manual:
Standard size: (A4) 210mm x 285mm.
Document envelope:
Standard size: 220mm x 305mm.
Stationery, stationery:
Standard size:185mm x 260mm210mm x 285mm.
Of course, the size of the finished product depends on the requirements of the printing factory and customers. In addition, when creating files or outputting files with common printed materials, the bleeding (usually 3mm) should be added to the common size, that is, if there is to be a 30% discount, the size of the new file is: 2 10+6mm x285+6mm, and if 3mm business cards are added to each side of the 30% discount, it is only necessary to add 3mm to the bleeding place, that is, 93 mm x 58 mm
The second point: you need to know the weight of the paper.
In printing, the price of finished products also changes with the weight of paper. Black and white printing generally uses 70g and 80g copy paper; Color printing (single page, folding) generally includes 105g, 128g, 157g, 200g and 250g coated paper. At present, offset printing business cards mostly use 300g coated paper, but some customers like special paper. This general printing factory will give you patterns.
The price of printing
Composition of printing quotation
Prepress (design and production fee)+proofing fee+raw materials (paper, etc.). )+plate-making fee+computer production fee (printing, per order and per color)+post-processing fee (binding, laminating, punching, surface pasting, polishing, oiling, hot gold and silver, punching, threading, pasting, lettering, etc. ) = Total cost.
Post-processing technology
Post-processing technology has a fine division of labor, generally including the following:
1, binding (binding, hardcover, saddle stitch, flat stitch, simple stitch, gluing)
2. Folding (folding in half, folding in three, folding in four, folding in five, accordion folding)
3, laminating, glazing, oiling, UV (laminating is divided into: matt film and bright film; Polishing, oiling and UV can be divided into complete and partial polishing and oiling)
4, special-shaped boring, bronzing (silver), convex
5, surface stickers (generally refers to packaging cartons, high-end picture books, book binding, brocade box processing, etc. )
The most important point is that the mode is CMYK mode, and the black of printed matter must be single black, that is, K 100.
That's all I can think of. You may have to work hard to understand it in detail.
3. Graphic design should know printing knowledge.
Some key points in printing design 1, graphic color mode must be CMYK or grayscale.
2. If the color picture needs a large area of pure black background, it is suggested to use K: 100 and C: 30, so that the black print is brighter than the monochrome black, and the existence of blue print can make up for the false print of the black print. Of course, this value is not fixed. I have made folio posters, using K: 100 and C: 80. This is because the area is too large and the printing machine is fast, so it is difficult to make the color real, so the value is improved accordingly.
Also, if there is a warm color pattern with feathered edge or transparent warm color on the whole picture, the values will be adjusted according to the actual main warm colors, such as K: 100, M:60, Y:70, so that the transition part of the pattern is very comfortable and will not be as weird as K: 100. You can see this phenomenon by doing experiments in PHOTOSHOP.
3. Anti-white characters or thin lines on variegated patterns. When choosing a font (or the number of points and lines), be careful not to use too fine fonts, such as imitation song style and thin circles, and try to use fonts with obvious lines, such as bold and official script, so as to avoid inaccurate typesetting and unclear words or lines.
4, do small tags and other things that need to be punched, pay attention, try not to design the outer frame. Because, if the plate position is slightly deviated when rolling the box, there will be a situation where one side is big and the other side is small.
5. Attention should be paid to the design of newspaper draft and offset paper printing. Newsprint and offset paper are very ink-consuming. Therefore, in addition to paying attention to the mesh number during production, we should also pay attention to reducing the chromaticity during production. For example, when making a draft newspaper, you need to see a gray scale of 30, so when making it, set the gray scale at around 24, so that when printing on some gray newsprint, the actual effect is equivalent to a gray scale of 30. (Double) offset paper is whiter than newsprint, and the adjusted chromaticity can be lower than normal offset printing and higher than newspaper draft, depending on experience and feeling.
There are so many processes involved in printing that I can't list them all. Now I can think of those that are easy to make mistakes. I hope experts and experienced friends can correct me. I also want to say a few words to my new friends. Don't post any questions immediately. First, find out the problem. You can find them on the corresponding design and printing websites. Also keep in touch with your next home (printing house, plate-making company, inkjet company, business card printing company, etc.). ) Understand the process flow, process requirements and equipment performance. Experience is accumulated, not by reading books or just listening to others.
Poster imposition 4 Poster size A, algorithm formula of big four paper: big paper size:1194 mm x 889 mm; Dimensions after deburring: 1 190mm x 885mm; large quarto is: 595mm x 442mm; maximum printing area: 59 1mm (2mm burr shall be subtracted from each side when cutting into the product) x 430mm (except 2mm burr when cutting into the product, 8mm bite position shall be subtracted from each side. However, the four-opening position is generally 8 mm) B. The size of the four-opening paper after cutting off the burrs is: 1088mm x 783mm, that is, 544mm x 39 1mm, and the maximum printable area is 540mm x 377mm (as mentioned above). Note: Generally, the rough edges of flat coated paper are cut by 2mm on each side to make the imposition of large quarto posters. Because posters are generally based on pictures, I will take a picture as an example here. Import the picture into (Ctrl+H)CorelDRAW. After importing the desired picture into CorelDRAW, press Enter to put the picture in the middle. The poster we make here is the one with a picture in the middle and a 20mm white edge around it. You can borrow the bite (meaning to put the bite on the white edge without adding the bite), and the poster size can be 438 mm x 599.
Set the page to 438mm x 590mm in CorelDRAW, double-click the rectangle tool to draw a box as big as the page, fill it with white, and cancel the outline. This is a page of the poster.
Select the rectangle and the picture and combine them (Ctrl+G). The next step is to draw a corner line.
First, set the page to 448mm x 600mm, and make a 5mm x 5mm missing corner line with hand-drawn tools. Press Ctrl+A to place the corner line in the upper left corner of the page, as shown.
Click the+key on the keypad to copy the corner line, and put the corner line in the upper right corner of the page in the same way. Put the corner line at the bottom of the page in the same way.
In fact, there is still a distance between the corner line and the actual size, because the poster is white (paper) around it, so it is enough to leave1mm. If it is not enough, the cutter can cut it in.
Draw a middle line as follows. Put the middle line on the page like the corner line (as shown in the figure, the function is to use this line instead of the corner line when printing), and merge the corner line and the middle line.
The color of the filling contour is c100m100y100k100. Here is the most convenient way to fill in the corner line color, that is, fill in the "registration color", so that you are not afraid to fill in one color less, which is the most practical in the version with more than four colors. Finally, place color correction bars according to your own hobbies (not much to say here).
Don't forget words such as bite force, color and size.
4. What is the most basic printing knowledge for graphic design?
First of all, you should know at least three kinds of graphic design software.
Second: you need to know the specifications and models of commonly used printing paper (such as positive and negative, irregular; Gram weight, coated paper, offset paper, special paper, etc. )
Third, understand the common cutting methods of printed paper (that is, printing size, which is inseparable from the production of documents and films)
Fourth, understand the post-press construction process and requirements.
Fifth: document production, imposition (including bleeding, mosaic printing plate; Distinguish printing sizes, such as folio, quarto, etc. )
Sixth: post-printing (including laminating, binding, special processes such as indentation, silver stamping, UV, etc. )
After that, you can almost produce a finished product and turn your design into reality.
5. To do graphic design and enter the printing industry, we must first understand what the basic knowledge of printing is.
There are so many things to know! According to different regions, the requirements for export companies will be slightly different, but the basic requirements are the same. These can usually be found online. The easiest way is to ask the export company you want to export the film before you do the work.
I just want to tell you the most important point-"What you see is not what you get"! Remember!
Computers and monitors can be deceiving! What you see on the computer is not necessarily the same as the final print. Especially typesetting software, we must pay attention! There are many "traps"! Don't despise any kind of flat software. When you think you know it well, you are still far from it. However, not every detail of the software needs to be mastered. As long as you are familiar with the most commonly used ones, you can gradually understand the others. Don't just covet the effect of the manuscript, but also consider how to make up, print and bind it better.
Printing is a difficult road, especially the "money road" is not very ideal. ...
Work hard! Come on!
6. What printing knowledge do graphic designers need to master?
1. The usual paper size is generous (889* 1 194mm) and front (787* 1092mm). For example, 16 is 210 *. 2. What are the grams: 80g, 105g, 128g, 157g, 200g, 250g, etc.
Understand the thickness of common paper, so as to calculate the spine thickness. 3. Unfolded drawings of handbags, packaging boxes and envelopes. , and the bleeding size of each part, the bleeding on the four sides of the ordinary picture album is 3mm, and the edges around the developed picture of the hardcover box are at least15 mm; 4. The minimum font size should be grasped before the font used in the design is too small to affect printing; 5. After each cmyk color value is set, you should have a picture of what color it is printed in your mind.
6. Have a proper understanding of post-processing technology: scalding gold and silver, stamping black beans, UV grinding, film-coated plastic, printing spot color gold and silver, etc.
7. Printing knowledge that must be considered in graphic design
Pre-press operation refers to the preliminary work of printing process, including typesetting and imposition, color separation and scanning.
The importance of its work mainly lies in mastering the software used by the computer in prepress operation, being familiar with the basic workflow of printing technology and having good graphics and image processing ability. At present, there is a serious problem in prepress operation in China: prepress operators are basically not printing professionals; Students in printing colleges basically don't know much about prepress work.
This has caused a contradiction: how to deal with the combination of desktop system operation and printing professional technology. For designers who want to transfer from computer graphic design industry to prepress work, the first task is to master printing professional knowledge at all costs after contacting prepress work, otherwise it is very likely that they will not be able to carry out their work.
In order to help some designers who have just entered the prepress production industry, based on my previous personal work experience and experience, I briefly summarize some problems that beginners often encounter, hoping to play a certain role. First, written knowledge is a written symbol used to record and convey language.
Characters used in printing can be divided into types, fonts, font sizes, etc. 1. The fonts of domestic printing industry mainly include Chinese characters, foreign languages and ethnic languages.
Chinese characters are Song Ti, Kai Ti and Bold. Foreign characters can be divided into white body and bold body according to the thickness of the characters, or into normal body, italics, flowers and so on according to the appearance.
National languages refer to the languages used by some ethnic minorities, such as Mongolian, Tibetan, Mongolian and Korean. Song Ti: Song Ti is the most widely used font in the printing industry. According to the different shapes of characters, it can be divided into Shu Song and Bao Song.
Songti is a printing font, which originated from the Song Dynasty when block printing was popular. The font is square, the strokes are horizontal and vertical, the thickness is clear, the edges and corners are sharp, rigorous, neat and even, and the strokes are regular, which makes people feel comfortable and eye-catching when reading.
In modern printing, it is mainly used for the text of books and periodicals or newspapers. Regular script: Regular script, also called movable type, is a font that imitates writing habits. Its strokes are neat and even, and its shape is correct. Widely used in students' textbooks, popular books and notes.
Black body: Black body, also known as square body or isobaric line body, is a stout font with square literal shape, dignified font, horizontal and vertical strokes, and the handwriting is the same thickness, with eye-catching and tight structure. Bold is suitable for headlines or eye-catching notes or comments that need attention, because the font is too thick, so it is not suitable for typesetting text.
Imitation of Song Dynasty: Imitation of Song Dynasty is a relatively delicate and straight font, with Song structure and regular script strokes. The strokes are horizontal and vertical, and are often used for typesetting subtitles, short poems, comments and quotations. , also used for text typesetting in some reading materials. Artistic style: artistic style refers to some abnormal special printing fonts, which are generally used to beautify the layout.
The strokes and structures of fine arts are generally visualized, which are often used in the titles of book covers or pages. Properly used, it can effectively improve the artistic taste of printed matter. There are many kinds of this font, such as those in Ding Han and Wen Ding.
2. Font size is a measure to distinguish the size of characters. The point system is widely used in the world, while the number system is the main system in China, supplemented by the point system. The numbering system is based on several movable types which are not multiples of each other, and forms its own system according to the conversion relationship of doubling or halving, which is divided into four-character system, five-character system and six-character system.
The smaller the nominal number of font size, the larger the font size, for example, the fourth word is larger than the fifth word, and the fifth word is larger than the sixth word. The dot system, also known as the dot system (P), is measured by calculating the "dot" value of the shape of a word.
According to the printing industry standard, the size of each point of font size is equal to 0.35mm, and the error should not exceed 0.005 mm For example, if the number five is changed to dot system, it is equal to 10.5 point, which is 3.675 mm All foreign characters are calculated by points, and the size of each point is approximately equal to 1/72 inches, which is equal to 0.35/kloc-.
In addition to numbering system and dot system, font size is the size in traditional typesetting. In millimeters, it is called "grade (J or K)".
Each level is equal to 0.25mm, and 1mm is equal to 4 levels. The size of typesetting characters can generally be from 7 to 62 or from 7 to 100.
In computer phototypesetting system, dot system also has numbering system. When printing and typesetting, if you encounter characters marked with numbers, you must convert the numbers into series, so as to master the correct size of the characters.
The conversion relationship between number and sequence is:1j =1k = 0.25mm = 0.714 point (P) 1 point (P)=0.35mm= 1.4 level (j or K) 3. For example, when printing a book, we should pay attention to the size of the folio, the form of typesetting (horizontal or vertical), the font size of the text, the number of lines per page and the number of words per line, the gap between words, the number of columns and the number of words per column, the spacing between columns, the placement of page numbers and pages, the position and size of headers and footers, etc.
When typesetting, we should also pay attention to some rules that are not conducive to typesetting, such as leaving two spaces at the beginning of each paragraph, not arranging punctuation marks such as period, comma, pause, semicolon, colon, question mark, exclamation point, lower quotation mark, lower bracket and lower title, and not arranging quotation marks, upper brackets, upper title and Chinese serial number at the end of the line, such as ① ② ③ and ② ③. Second, paper paper is one of the important contents that prepress workers need to pay attention to, which determines the wide range of printed matter.
1, composition of paper Paper is a kind of material made of plant fibers, fillers, rubber compounds, pigments and other components. The raw materials that make up the paper are mainly straw, bamboo, cotton and linen and usable waste.
According to different raw materials, the properties of paper will be different. Filler is used to increase the flexibility of paper, reduce the transparency and flexibility of paper, and make the surface of paper smooth and uniform, such as talcum powder for general printing paper.