As can be seen from the above examples, the reasons for people's improper response to earthquakes or man-made disasters caused by earthquake rumors and misinformation can be summarized as follows:

The first is the psychological misunderstanding and distortion of earthquake disasters. As a natural disaster, earthquake has its process of gestation, development and outbreak, and human beings are not ignorant of earthquakes. However, due to the great destructiveness of the earthquake, it casts a terrible shadow on people's psychology, and they are both wary of the earthquake and lucky. Psychologically and emotionally, people are generally concerned about earthquakes and eager to understand them, but they are disgusted and afraid of them. Tony Wen was scared and talked about it. At the first sign of trouble, he didn't dispute the truth and panicked. The main reason for the tragic ending is poor psychological quality.

Second, the lack of earthquake and anti-seismic knowledge, low emergency ability. Judging from the understanding of earthquake-resistant knowledge, only a few people really know, only a few people know nothing, and most of them have a little knowledge. This lack of understanding and psychological quality obstacles are reflected in behavior, which will inevitably lead to blind action and wrong behavior. During the earthquake, people's disasters are basically caused by not knowing the correct emergency evacuation method. If they feel a little shocked, they will run away or jump off a building blindly. 1556 65438+1On October 23rd, an earthquake of magnitude 8 occurred in hua county, killing more than 830,000 people. Survivor Qin Keda wrote deeply in an article after the earthquake: "If you die suddenly, you can't get sick. Wait, even if you build a nest, you can send the eggs." If you can't do it, you can pre-select the gap and try to avoid it. " He listed running away and dying under pressure, while hiding left under the bed. "If you rely on the support of the bed, you will be killed." The sentence "Don't run for a small earthquake, but you can't run for a big earthquake" has sufficient scientific basis. If you want to save your life, you must hide in the same place. "This is summed up by the people of Tangshan, the guillotine and Haicheng who suffered from earthquake disasters.

Four. Countermeasures to reduce man-made disasters

The painful lessons of historical earthquakes have raised a very important question for us, that is, how to effectively reduce man-made disasters when future earthquakes occur, and truly keep calm in the face of earthquakes, improvise, assess the situation, and save lives in the terrible moments of earthquakes.

(1), unit disaster reduction countermeasures

Units and social organizations are the basic units and important components of cities, and it is very important to improve their seismic capacity to reduce earthquake disasters.

1, all units should regard earthquake-resistant work as a major event, put it on an important agenda and target responsibility system during the leadership term;

2. Carry out extensive publicity and education, popularize earthquake and earthquake science knowledge, and improve employees' earthquake awareness and emergency response ability.

3, organize earthquake disaster prevention exercises and professional team training and education, improve technical quality and rapid response ability;

4, schools, kindergartens, clubs and farmers' markets and other places where people are concentrated should prepare emergency plans and implement various disaster prevention measures;

5, important parts and posts, should have strict discipline and safety operation procedures, it is strictly prohibited to escape from the post during the earthquake or cause undue disaster due to misoperation.

6. After the short-term forecast is released, it is necessary to make clear the fire safety of the earthquake-proof shed built by the masses, do a good job in publicity, organize inspections in time, and nip in the bud.

Family emergency response

Family is the cell of society, so it is of great significance to implement family emergency countermeasures for earthquake prevention and disaster reduction.

1, family members should fully understand the specific requirements of pre-earthquake preparation, imminent earthquake emergency, self-rescue during earthquake, emergency rescue at the end of earthquake and post-earthquake disaster relief;

2. Every family member should know the environmental conditions around the residence, as well as the site, route and relevant regulations for shock absorption;

3. Every family member should be familiar with the position of water and electricity gates and valves and the operation requirements for emergency stop of gas stoves;

4. Every family member should know the basic knowledge of emergency rescue and disaster relief and learn simple first aid methods;

5. Before the earthquake, it is necessary to clean up the explosive and flammable items in the home, the overhead items that are easy to collapse, and the dangerous items such as flowerpots and bricks on the balcony;

6, after the release of short-term forecast or a large number of macro precursor abnormal earthquake situation is very nervous, should establish a family emergency box (package) for earthquake resistance and disaster prevention, and prepare the necessary cooked food, drinking water, flashlights, candles, commonly used drugs, small radios, etc. For post-earthquake use.

(C) personal self-help countermeasures

Whether people's response behavior is correct when an earthquake occurs is the key to reduce man-made disasters in a short time.

1, people who live in bungalows, if there are open fields outside, can judge the situation during the earthquake, improvise, go out for shock absorption as quickly as possible or hide in a safer place indoors;

2. People living in buildings should not panic and jump off buildings or flee during the earthquake. They should immediately hide in furniture, beds, tables or stoves, toilets and rooms with small spaces, and evacuate immediately after the main earthquake;

3. If the earthquake occurs at night, don't look for clothes or put on clothes to delay time, and race against time to immediately move to a safe place or hide nearby;

4. During the earthquake, anyone who escapes from the house should not stay in narrow alleys or high-rise buildings or near high-voltage lines;

5. When the earthquake occurs, the on-the-job personnel should be calm and decisive, immediately cut off the power supply, close the gate valves of toxic, harmful, flammable and explosive articles, stop oil and gas transportation, and then take shock-proof measures nearby;

6, after the main earthquake, don't immediately enter the room, to prevent strong aftershocks, so as not to cause casualties.