There are always many risks in information about first aid knowledge, and many accidents are unknown in advance. When an accident happens, it is necessary to master some first aid knowledge. Below I will share the information I have compiled about first aid knowledge.
First-aid knowledge related information 1 1. Encyclopedia of first-aid knowledge
1, First aid for ankle sprain
For mild ankle sprain, cold compress should be applied to the affected area first, and then hot compress should be applied 24 hours later. Bandage the ankle and pad the foot pad to relieve the symptoms.
2, electric shock first aid method
(1) cut off the power supply quickly.
(2) If you can't find the gate at the moment, you can connect the wires with insulation or cut them off.
(3) Immediately lift the person who gets an electric shock to a ventilated place and unbutton the button and belt. If breathing stops, mouth-to-mouth resuscitation must be performed or sent to a nearby hospital for emergency treatment.
(4) Local burns can be bandaged with saline or vaseline gauze.
3, arterial bleeding first aid method
(1) arteriole bleeding, the wound is not big. Sterile cotton can be applied to the wound and bandaged under pressure, which can generally stop dizziness.
(2) When bleeding does not stop, it can raise the injured limb, slow down the blood flow and help to stop dizziness. When limb bleeding is serious, a tourniquet can be tied to the upper end of the wound. Put on a towel or cloth before tying the knot, and then relax every half hour 1 time. The total binding time should not exceed two hours to avoid limb ischemia and necrosis. After initial treatment, they should be sent to hospital immediately.
4. First aid methods for children's convulsions
(1) When a child is found to have convulsions, it is not appropriate to panic and shake the child at will, which will aggravate the condition. Don't feed the soup with water, lest it be inhaled into the trachea. You should open the window, unbutton the child's coat and let him breathe freely.
(2) Wrap chopsticks in cloth and put them between the child's upper and lower teeth to avoid biting the tongue. Fatigue caused by high fever can be applied to the forehead with a towel dipped in cold water. Record the time and symptoms of convulsions in detail and send them to the hospital for treatment immediately.
5. First-aid methods for dog bites
After being bitten by a dog, use a cloth belt to tie the wound up and down 5 cm, suck out dirty blood with a breast pump, and then wash the wound with soapy water. Dogs that bite should be isolated, and once they are diagnosed with rabies virus, they should be executed immediately.
Second, the principle of first aid
1. In real life, most real cardiac emergencies and other critical emergencies occur outside the hospital, and on-site first aid is a race against time. Before the arrival of medical staff, the "first witness" shoulders a particularly important responsibility.
The purpose and principle of on-site first aid:
(1) Save lives and reduce mortality.
(2) prevent the disease from getting worse.
(3) Relieve pain, reduce accidental injuries and reduce disability rate.
(4) calm and bold, serious and responsible, prioritize, and decisively implement the treatment method.
(5) Treat critically ill patients first, and then treat mild patients; For the same patient, the life should be treated first, and then the local part should be treated.
(6) Observe the site environment to ensure the safety of yourself and the injured.
(7) Make full use of the available manpower and material resources to assist in first aid.
2. How to call the emergency number (120) for help should be simple and clear, the language must be refined and accurate, and don't say anything important or unimportant, so as not to delay precious time.
The main contents are as follows:
(1) Patient's name, sex and age.
(2) The most critical situation of the patient at present. Such as fainting to the ground, severe pain in precordial area, dyspnea, massive bleeding, etc. , onset time, process, medication, past history and factors related to this onset.
(3) The detailed address and telephone number of the patient's home or the scene of the disease and the exact address of waiting for the ambulance should be clearly marked.
(4) When accidents, accidents and emergencies occur. When a group of people are injured and sick, it is necessary to explain the nature of the injury, such as poisoning, car accident, drowning, electric shock, etc. At the same time, the number of injured people, the waiting place, and the name and identity of the caller should be stated.
Third, first aid common sense
1, tsunami rescue
(1) In the event of a tsunami, ships sailing at sea should not return to ports or docks, but should immediately sail to deep-sea areas, which is safer than the coast.
(2) As the gap and bump caused by the tsunami in the harbor are very dangerous, the shipowner should sail the ship out to sea before the tsunami comes. If there is no time to sail out of the harbor, everyone should evacuate the ships moored in the harbor.
(3) When a tsunami lands, the seawater often rises or falls obviously. If you see the sea surface retreating at an unusually fast speed, you should immediately evacuate to a higher place inland.
2. Self-help in the case of debris flow
(1) immediately climb the hillside perpendicular to both sides of the debris flow. Run faster, climb higher, the better.
(2) Self-help and mutual rescue essentials: immediately run to the heights on both sides of the river bed. Climb to the height perpendicular to the slopes on both sides of the debris flow. When you have no time to run, hug the trees on the river bank.
(3) Never: flee to the downstream of the debris flow. Run in the direction of the debris flow.
3. How to save yourself in case of landslide
(1) Temporary accommodation should be built at the disaster avoidance point in advance.
(2) Transfer some daily necessities to the disaster avoidance point in advance.
(3) According to the actual situation, properly prepare transportation, communication equipment, standing medicines and rain gear, etc.
(4) Prepare sufficient food and drinking water.
4, flood self-help
(1) threatened by flood, if there is enough time, it should be moved to hillside, highland and other places in an organized way according to the predetermined route; In the case of being caught off guard and surrounded by floods, we should use boats, rafts, door panels, wooden beds, etc. Let the water transfer as much as possible.
(2) When the flood comes too fast to move, you should immediately climb the roof, tall buildings, big trees and high walls, take refuge temporarily and wait for rescue. Don't swim alone.
(3) In mountainous areas, if there is continuous rainstorm, mountain torrents are prone to occur. In this case, we should pay attention to avoid crossing the river and being washed away by mountain torrents, and also pay attention to preventing landslides, rolling stones and mudslides.
(4) It is found that the high-voltage tower topples, and the wires drop or break; Stay away from danger, don't touch or get close to it to prevent electric shock.
(5) After the flood, it is necessary to take medicine for epidemic prevention, do a good job in health and epidemic prevention, and avoid infectious diseases.
Information about first aid knowledge 2 earthquake first aid knowledge
I. Animal omen before the earthquake
1. This folk song is a summary of the masses' long-term earthquake prediction. Reading carefully is of great benefit to observing earthquakes.
Animals have signs before earthquakes, so it is very important to prevent and treat them by groups.
Cattle, sheep, mules and horses don't enter the circle, and dogs don't eat or bite.
Ducks don't go into the water and make noise on the shore, while chickens crow loudly in the trees.
The snake got out of the hole in the ice and snow, and the big cat ran away with the kitten.
The rabbit jumped and bumped, and the fish jumped into the water.
Bees are moving noisily, but pigeons are too scared to fly back to their nests.
Every household observes and comprehensively predicts the abnormal situation.
2. Why can animals know the earthquake in advance? Because many animals' organs are particularly sensitive to natural disasters, they can know the coming of disasters ahead of people. For example,1February 4, 975, a hibernating snake came out of the hole one and a half months before the Haicheng and Yingkou earthquakes of magnitude 7 and 3; Many geese panicked, screamed and couldn't get into the nest, and some even flew. One or two days before the earthquake, the pigs didn't eat and climbed the wall to arch the ground. Two days before the earthquake, little hunters bit each other, and the tails of a dozen pigs were bitten off. A black hen flew up a tree in the earthquake on February 4th. A female mackerel suddenly churned, jumped out of the water and screamed 20 minutes before the trap. Yingkou No.1 production team has six cows. The day before the earthquake, four cows were fighting for a corner, and two cows were desperately digging the ground with their hooves. A group of sika deer in the deer farm suddenly ran around, and some front legs were crushed.
China Academy of Sciences made an experimental observation on the relationship between pigeons and earthquakes. It is found that there is an ellipsoidal corpuscle near the periosteum between the tibia and fibula of pigeons, which is smaller than millet, and there are about 100, which are connected by nerves and shaped like a bunch of grapes. They are very sensitive to vibration, and the stimulation amplitude reaches several tenths of microns, which will cause nerve discharge. 100 pigeons were used in the biophysics experiment. Small particles were removed from the legs of 50 pigeons, and the other 50 pigeons remained motionless. Before the earthquake of magnitude 4, the latter was frightened out of my wits, while the former was calm as usual. It shows that the leg particles lost contact with the central nervous system after being taken out.
3. Did the plants react before the earthquake? Some plants also had abnormal reactions before the earthquake. For example, before the 197 1 12.30 earthquake in the Yangtze River area, a wrapped soybean sprout bloomed at the top; Vegetables bloom by leaves, celery blooms in spring, and blooms in 65438+February in advance; Apocynum venetum also bloomed; Bamboo shoots bloom in September of the lunar calendar. 1On February 4th, 975, apricot trees also bloomed in late1October of the year before the Yingkou earthquake.
Second, what should I carry in an earthquake?
First of all, you should bring water, dry food, first-aid medicine, valuables, flashlights, clothes and sanitary products. Families with babies should bring milk powder, diapers, damp-proof ponchos and umbrellas. These things are ready immediately at ordinary times or after receiving earthquake prediction. Experience has proved that families who are usually prepared can survive the disaster period safely. Usually, the family members have agreed on preventive measures, contact information and what to bring in case of disaster.
3. What should I do in case of an earthquake?
1, immediately turn off the power supply and fire source.
2. People who live in bungalows can quickly jump out to wider places, and people who live in buildings can hide under tables or indoors with more supports and pipes.
It is best to wear a helmet and a plastic basin on your head to protect your head.
4. Don't go near narrow lanes, trenches, cliffs, embankments and other dangerous places.
Residents living by the sea should guard against the tsunami and flood caused by seawater intrusion.
6. People who live near the mountain should be alert to the occurrence of landslides and mudslides.
7. Don't panic excessively when you run away, but be orderly. Pay attention to hygiene.
8. Pay attention to aftershocks, but don't listen to rumors.
Fourth, first aid.
1, organize first aid. Organized automatically by cadres, the masses, troops, etc. At the scene, according to the call of the injured and the information provided by others, the injured who were crushed under the rubble were dug first. Dig fast, accurately and steadily to avoid getting hurt again. Expose the head and face of the injured person first, and clean up the foreign bodies in the mouth and nose to facilitate breathing.
2, seriously injured people such as breathing, cardiac arrest, bleeding, head, internal organs damage should be given priority to rescue.
3, there are a large number of injured people, must report to the first aid station, hospital, leading organs, by telephone, telegram, fax, etc.
4. When you go to the hospital for emergency treatment, you should use cars, trains and planes to send the wounded as soon as possible. Someone should be taken care of on the way, observe the condition in detail, give first aid to the wounded as soon as possible, and reduce the pain and death.
Information about first aid knowledge. Drowning first aid knowledge
First, save yourself.
1. Be calm after falling into the water. Raise your hand and struggle, and you will sink.
2, should lie on your back, head back, nose and mouth up out of the water.
3. Breathe out shallow and inhale deeply, so that you can barely float. Someone came to save you, leg cramp, call for help as soon as possible, backstroke to the surface. You should go ashore as soon as possible after you get better.
Second, rescue.
1. First-aiders should swim behind the drowning person, clamp the other person's right hand between his left arm and upper body with his left hand, or hold the drowning person's head and drag it to the shore by backstroke. First-aid personnel should prevent the drowning person from clinging and affecting the first aid. In case of being hugged, the rescuer should let go and sink, first get the drowning person away, and then save him. Or push the drowning man's face back, pinch his nose, let him let go, and then save him.
2. When the first aid cannot be launched, use rope, bamboo pole, wooden board or lifebuoy immediately to make the drowning person catch the letter and then drag it ashore. There are no life-saving materials at the scene. Call others loudly immediately.
Third, first aid measures.
1, keep the respiratory tract unobstructed.
Remove sediment and vomit from mouth and nose immediately. Loosen collars, buttons, bras, underwear, belts, suspenders, etc. But keep warm. If necessary, wrap your tongue with towel and gauze to keep the respiratory tract unobstructed.
2, water control (water)
① The rescuer kneels on the ground with one leg and the other leg. Put the belly of the drowning person across his thigh, make his head droop, and then press his back to pour out the accumulated water in his stomach.
(2) The rescuer can also pick up the waist of the drowning person from behind, with his back up and his head down, and pour out the water.
3. Artificial respiration, chest compressions and oxygen inhalation.
You can't stop in transit. You can't stop until you decide whether you are dead or not.
4. Guide Renzhong, Yongquan and other acupoints by hand.
5, conditional, intramuscular injection of 0, 1% adrenaline 1 ml, if necessary, can repeatedly use 0, 25 Klamming.
6. After the drowning person wakes up, he should fast and use antibiotics to prevent infection.