In 2 10 BC, Qin Shihuang died of illness, and his youngest son, Hu Hai, acceded to the throne. This is Qin Ershi.
Qin Ershi was a fatuous and cruel emperor. Under his rule, the corvee tax burden of ordinary people became heavier and heavier, and the criminal law became more and more severe. Working people are struggling with hunger and death.
In 209 BC, Qin Ershi ordered the recruitment of 900 poor farmers in the Huaihe River basin to defend Yuyang (now Miyun, Beijing).
Bobby Chen from a peasant family and Guangwu from a poor peasant family were appointed as stationmasters. When they arrived in osawa Township, Qixian County (southwest of Suxian County, Anhui Province), the continuous rain stopped them here, and they could not reach Yuyang garrison as scheduled. According to the provisions of the Qin law, anyone who misses the deadline will be put to death.
The two military commanders who escorted them were very violent, so Chen Sheng and Guangwu took the opportunity to kill them, and then said to everyone: You are late for the heavy rain, and you will be beheaded if you are late. Even if they don't kill us, six or seven out of ten people will die defending the border. Moreover, when a strong man dies, he will do something vigorous! Their words inspired the soldiers to fight. Everyone elected Chen Sheng as a general and Guangwu as a surname, and put forward the slogan of "No way to attack Qin" to form a peasant uprising army. The first peasant uprising broke out in the history of China.
In order to expand their influence, they lit a bonfire in the shrine near the station at night, made foxes, and made the sound of "Great Chu wàng, Chen Qiang", which was passed down as a myth by the people. Chen Sheng, led the peasant uprising army, occupied osawa Township, captured Qixian County, and soon captured five or six counties. Wherever the rebels went, poor farmers responded in succession. After Chen Sheng and the rebels led by him captured Chen County, the "Zhang Chu" regime was established, with Chen Sheng as king. This is the first peasant revolutionary regime in the history of China.
The rebel army advanced with victory and attacked the state of Qin in three ways. At this time, the insurgents have grown to hundreds of thousands of people and have thousands of personnel carriers.
The peasant army led by Zhou Wen, a rebel army, soon reached the war zone in Guanzhong (now Lintong, Shaanxi) and approached Xianyang. Qin Ershi was very alarmed when he saw that the rebels had captured the capital. He quickly sent Shaofu Zhang Han to lead hundreds of thousands of torturers who built a tomb in Lishan Mountain to meet the rebels. At the same time, 300,000 troops were transferred from the frontier fortress to fight against the insurgents. Although the peasant army in Zhou Wen fought bravely, they fought alone and lacked operational experience. Suddenly attacked by Qin Jun, the defeat forced him to quit Hangu Pass and stay in Cao Yang (Lingbao East, Henan Province), waiting for reinforcements.
After the peasant army occupied Handan, the old capital of Zhao, the old aristocratic forces who joined the rebel army represented and encouraged them to become the king of Zhao. Chen Sheng reluctantly admitted it for the sake of the tail from wagging the dog, and ordered him to lead an army to the west to support Zhou Wen. Zhang Er and Chen Yu not only failed to rescue the peasant army in Zhou Wen, but stood on their own feet and did not listen to Chen Sheng's command. Then the old nobles of the six countries successively ceded land and became kings. In this way, the insurgents led by Chen Sheng and Guangwu were caught between Scylla and Charybdis. Zhou Wen led the army to fight in Cao Yang for three months and lost many times. Finally, Zhou Wen committed suicide because he was outnumbered and had no backup. Soon, Guangwu, who besieged Xingyang, was killed by the Ministry. After Guangwu's death, the morale of the army collapsed. Several other insurgents were carved up successively by Qin Jun. In 209 BC, in 65438+ February, Zhang Han led Qin Jun to Chen County, and Chen Sheng personally led the rebels to resist, but unfortunately they were defeated because of too few troops. Bobby Chen was assassinated by the driver Zhuang Jia.
Chen Sheng's men, such as Lv Chen, persisted in their struggle. This insurrectionary army later joined the insurrectionary army led by Xiang Yu and Liu Bang, and continued to fight Qin Jun. In 206 BC, the Qin Dynasty was destroyed under the heavy blow of the peasant insurrectionary army.
Shaping the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang. This tomb is very large and deep, melting a lot of copper and pouring it on the foundation, which is covered with stone chambers, tombs and tombs. II also asked craftsmen to dig rivers, lakes and oceans in the tombs and fill them with mercury. And then buried Qin Shihuang there.
After burial, in order to prevent future grave robbers, craftsmen were also required to install killing equipment in the tomb. Finally, all the craftsmen who built the tomb were brutally buried in the tomb, and no one was allowed to come out.
Before the completion of the tomb, II and Zhao Gao continued to build Epang Palace. At that time, the population of China was only 20 million, and there were almost two or three million people who were sent back and forth to build the Great Wall, defend Lingnan, repair Epang Palace, build tombs, etc., which consumed an unknown amount of human and financial resources and drove the people to complain.
In 209 BC, Yangcheng (now southeast of Dengfeng, Henan Province) sent two officers and 900 civilian workers to defend Yuyang (now southwest of Miyun, Beijing). The officer chose two big and capable men from this group as conductor, and put them in charge of others. One of the two men is called Chen Sheng, a native of Yangcheng, and works as a long-term worker. A man named Guangwu is a poor farmer from Yang Xia (now Taikang County, Henan Province).
Bobby Chen was an ambitious man when he was young. Together with other long-term workers, he cultivated land for the landlord, and he often wondered, I am young and strong, why should I work for others for a few years? One day, I will do something big.
Once, he and his friends were resting by the field and said to them, "We will be rich in the future, so don't forget our old friends!" "
Everyone was amused and said, "where did you get the money for working hard to farm for others?"
Chen Sheng sighed and said to himself, "Alas, birds don't know the ambition of Hongyan!"
Bobby Chen and Guangwu didn't know each other at first, but later they became civilian workers, moved by each other, shared weal and woe, and soon became friends. They are afraid of missing the date and are rushing north every day.
When we arrived in osawa Township (now southeast of Su County, Anhui Province), it was caught in the heavy rain, and the road was flooded and impassable. They had to camp out and prepare to go on the road as soon as it cleared up.
The laws of the Qin Dynasty were very strict. If the recruited civilian workers missed the deadline, they would be beheaded. Look at the rain, everyone. Like ants on hot bricks. I don't know what to do.
Chen Sheng and Guangwu secretly discussed: "There are still thousands of miles from Yuyang, so we can't meet the deadline. Are we going to die in vain? "
Guangwu said, "That won't do. Let's desert. " Chen Sheng said: "It is death to be caught deserting, and it is death to rise up and rebel. It's better to stand up and fight than to die. The people were fed up with the sufferings of the Qin Dynasty. It is said that II is the youngest son and can't be emperor. It is Fu Su who should be enthroned, and everyone sympathizes with him. And Xiang Yan, the general of Chu. Everyone knows that he is a hero, and now I don't know if he is dead or alive. " If we call on the world in the name of Fu Su and Xiang Yan, the people of Chu will certainly respond to us. "
Guangwu fully agrees with Bobby Chen's idea. In order to make everyone believe them, they took advantage of the fact that most people were superstitious about ghosts and gods at that time and came up with some tricks. They took a piece of white silk, wrote the words "Chen" on it with vermilion, and stuffed it into the stomach of a fish caught by others. The soldiers bought fish and went back. They cut it open and found the words on this silk. They were very surprised.
In the middle of the night, he sneaked into a ruined temple near the military camp, lit a bonfire, pretended that the fox said something first, and then shouted, "Great Chu Xing, Chen." The soldiers in the whole battalion were even more surprised and afraid.
When everyone saw Bobby Chen the next day, they all talked about these strange things behind their backs. Besides, Bobby Chen is always kind to others, which makes them respect Bobby Chen more.
One day, two officers were drunk. Guangwu deliberately ran to provoke the officers and told them that it was late anyway, so let everyone go home. The officer was very angry. He picked up a stick and drew a sword to intimidate him. Guangwu grabbed the sword and knocked down an officer. Chen Sheng also went after him and killed another officer.
Chen Sheng called the soldiers together and said, "A man can't die in vain, but he has to die for a reason." Is it destiny takes a hand's? "
Everyone shouted, "Yes, we listen to you!"
Chen Sheng asked his brothers to set up a stage and made banners. The flag says "Chu". We swear to God that we want Qi Xin to overthrow the Qin Dynasty. They elected Bobby Chen and Guangwu as leaders. 900 warriors occupied the town of osawa in one fell swoop. When the neighboring farmers heard the news, they all took out food to comfort them. The young people came to the camp with hoes and iron rakes to join the army. There were many people, and there were no swords and flags, so many sticks were cut to make swords and spears, and bamboo was cut to make flagpoles. In this way, Chen Sheng and Guangwu established the first peasant uprising army in history. Historically, this event was called "lifting the pole" (solution means lifting).
The rebels captured Chen County (now Huaiyang, Henan Province). Chen Sheng called the elders of Chen County to discuss. Everyone said, "The general avenged the people of the world and conquered the tyrannical State of Qin. With such a great contribution, he should be crowned king. "
Chen Sheng was acclaimed as king, with the title of "Zhang Chu".
After Chen Sheng and Guangwu launched the peasant uprising, people everywhere killed officials in response to the uprising. Before long, the storm of peasant uprising swept across most of China.
Chen Sheng sent troops to meet local uprisings, and successively won and occupied a large number of places. However, due to the long front and different orders, some places were occupied by the old nobles of the six countries. Less than three months after the uprising, people in Zhao, Qi, Yan, Wei and other places stood on their own feet as kings under the banner of restoring the six countries.
Chen Sheng sent a rebel army led by Zhou Wen to attack the west, and soon reached Guanzhong (referring to the area west of Hanguguan) and approached Xianyang, Qin Dou. Qin Ershi panicked, and quickly sent general Zhang Han to release the prisoners and slaves who worked hard in Lishan Mountain, and formed an army to fight back against the insurgents. The original nobles of the six countries occupied their own territories, and no one supported the rebels. Zhou Wen rebels fought alone and finally failed. Guangwu was killed by his men in Xingyang. Six months after the uprising, Chen Shengzai was betrayed by Cao on his way back. In order to resist the Huns, Qin Shihuang built the Great Wall, sent 300,000 troops and collected hundreds of thousands of civilian workers. In order to develop the south, 300,000 soldiers and civilians were mobilized. He also used 700,000 prisoners to start building a huge and luxurious Epang Palace. When he ascended the throne for the second time, he recruited hundreds of thousands of prisoners and civilian workers from all over the country and built the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor on a large scale. This tomb is very large and deep, melting a lot of copper and pouring it on the foundation, which is covered with stone chambers, tombs and tombs. II also asked craftsmen to dig rivers, lakes and oceans in the tombs and fill them with mercury. And then buried Qin Shihuang there. After burial, in order to prevent future grave robbers, craftsmen were also required to install killing equipment in the tomb. Finally, all the craftsmen who built the tomb were brutally buried in the tomb, and no one was allowed to come out. Before the completion of the tomb, II and Zhao Gao continued to build Epang Palace. At that time, the population of China was only 20 million, and there were almost two or three million people who were sent back and forth to build the Great Wall, defend Lingnan, repair Epang Palace, build tombs, etc., which consumed an unknown amount of human and financial resources and drove the people to complain. In 209 BC, Yangcheng (now southeast of Dengfeng, Henan Province) sent two officers and 900 civilian workers to defend Yuyang (now southwest of Miyun, Beijing). The officer chose two big and capable men from this group as conductor, and put them in charge of others. One of the two men is called Chen Sheng, a native of Yangcheng, and works as a long-term worker. A man named Guangwu is a poor farmer from Yang Xia (now Taikang County, Henan Province). Bobby Chen was an ambitious man when he was young. Together with other long-term workers, he cultivated land for the landlord, and he often wondered, I am young and strong, why should I work for others for a few years? One day, I will do something big. Once, he and his friends were resting by the field and said to them, "We will be rich in the future, so don't forget our old friends!" " Everyone was amused and said, "where did you get the money for working hard to farm for others?" Chen Sheng sighed and said to himself, "Alas, birds don't know the ambition of Hongyan!" Bobby Chen and Guangwu didn't know each other at first, but later they became civilian workers, moved by each other, shared weal and woe, and soon became friends. They are afraid of missing the date and are rushing north every day. When we arrived in osawa Township (now southeast of Su County, Anhui Province), it was caught in the heavy rain, and the road was flooded and impassable. They had to camp out and prepare to go on the road as soon as it cleared up. The laws of the Qin Dynasty were very strict. If the recruited civilian workers missed the deadline, they would be beheaded. Look at the rain, everyone. Like ants on hot bricks. I don't know what to do. Chen Sheng and Guangwu secretly discussed: "There are still thousands of miles from Yuyang, so we can't meet the deadline. Are we going to die in vain? " Guangwu said, "That won't do. Let's desert. " Chen Sheng said, "It is death to be caught deserting, and it is also death to rise up and rebel. It's better to stand up and fight than to die. The people were fed up with the sufferings of the Qin Dynasty. It is said that II is the youngest son and can't be emperor. It is Fu Su who should be enthroned, and everyone sympathizes with him. And Xiang Yan, the general of Chu. Everyone knows that he is a hero, but now we don't know whether he is dead or alive. If we call on the world in the name of Fuxi and Xiang Yan, the people of Chu will certainly respond to us. " Guangwu fully agrees with Bobby Chen's idea. In order to make everyone believe them, they took advantage of the fact that most people were superstitious about ghosts and gods at that time and came up with some tricks. They took a piece of white silk, wrote the words "Chen" on it with vermilion, and stuffed it into the stomach of a fish caught by others. The soldiers bought fish and went back. They cut it open and found the words on this silk. They were very surprised. In the middle of the night, he sneaked into a ruined temple near the military camp, lit a bonfire, pretended that the fox said something first, and then shouted, "Great Chu Xing, Chen." The soldiers in the whole battalion were even more surprised and afraid. When everyone saw Bobby Chen the next day, they all talked about these strange things behind their backs. Besides, Bobby Chen is always kind to others, which makes them respect Bobby Chen more. One day, two officers were drunk. Guangwu deliberately ran to provoke the officers and told them that it was late anyway, so let everyone go home. The officer was very angry. He picked up a stick and drew a sword to intimidate him. Guangwu grabbed the sword and knocked down an officer. Chen Sheng also went after him and killed another officer. Chen Sheng called the soldiers together and said, "A man can't die in vain, but he has to die for a reason. Is it destiny takes a hand to meet the prince? " Everyone shouted, "Yes, we listen to you!" Chen Sheng asked his brothers to set up a stage and made banners. The flag says "Chu". We swear to God that we want Qi Xin to overthrow the Qin Dynasty. They elected Bobby Chen and Guangwu as leaders. 900 warriors occupied the town of osawa in one fell swoop. When the neighboring farmers heard the news, they all took out food to comfort them. The young people came to the camp with hoes and iron rakes to join the army. There were many people, and there were no swords and flags, so many sticks were cut to make swords and spears, and bamboo was cut to make flagpoles. In this way, Chen Sheng and Guangwu established the first peasant uprising army in history. Historically, this event was called "lifting the pole" (solution means lifting). The rebels captured Chen County (now Huaiyang, Henan Province). Chen Sheng called the elders of Chen County to discuss. Everyone said, "The general avenged the people of the world and conquered the tyrannical State of Qin. Such a great contribution should be king. " Chen Sheng was acclaimed as king, with the title of "Zhang Chu". Source: July of the first year (209 BC), Zhaoan.
In the Dai people, poor farmers live on the left and rich people live on the right. ) 900 people stand guard.
Yuyang (now Miyun in Beijing). Both Chen Sheng and Guangwu were recruited and served.
When the team went to Tunchang, osawa Township (now Liucun, southeast of Su County, Anhui Province)
), sudden heavy rain, impassable roads, is expected to be unable to arrive as scheduled,
According to the harsh Qin law at that time, this kind of refusal should be beheaded. Bobby Chen and Wu Guangda
Anxious, helpless, plot against Qin. They believe that there is no escape now.
Die, don't escape, still deadly, it is better to raise the flag to rebel, big.
When a husband dies, he will die vigorously. Bobby Chen said: The world is bitter in Ku Jin.
Hey! Now, if we have 900 people, we can borrow sons Fu Su and Xiang Yan.
In the name of the first uprising in the world, there will certainly be many people responding.
Guangwu thinks this plan is feasible. Bobby Chen and Guangwu skillfully set up the "fish".
Abdominal Dan book "and" bonfire fox sound "created the uprising public opinion, claiming that" big
, Chen, "and so on to kill two guards will commandant, mention.
Say: "What kind of prince would rather have it?" Nine hundred people agreed that * * * would do great things, so they built an altar as an alliance and called it Dachu. Bobby Chen stood on its own two feet.
As a general, Guangwu as a captain. The insurgents first captured osawa Township, and then captured Qixian and other counties. In this way, the first large-scale peasant uprising broke out in the history of China.
After capturing Chen Jun (now Huaiyang, Henan Province), Chen Sheng became king on his own and was named "Zhang Chu", and more people who suffered greatly from the Qin government came to defect.
Ben, the peasant uprising reached its peak. In the anti-Qin struggle, the peasant rebels led by Chen Sheng and Guangwu had internal contradictions. Bobby Chen
Arrogant, listening to rumors, killing old friends, increasingly alienating the uprising masses, enjoying prosperity, while some generals struggle for power and profit.
Seizing power leads to killing each other. Finally, Chen Sheng and Guangwu were killed one after another, and the uprising suffered serious setbacks.
1. After Chen Sheng became king, he had fun.
He was unfaithful and lost his heart. His old friend found him, but he killed him
detailed
Chen Sheng developed a sense of pride, listened to rumors, killed old friends, and became increasingly alienated from the uprising masses. Generals sent to various places did not listen to Chen Sheng's restraint, and even killed each other for power and interests. Such as Chen Wu to handan, self-reliance for the prince of zhao, Chen Yu as general, Zhang Er as prime minister. Chen Sheng ordered him to lead troops into the customs to support Zhou Wen, but he didn't listen to the order and sent Hanbitsoft to take the state of Yan slightly. Hanbitsoft, egged on by the old aristocrats in Yan Di, also established himself as the prince. From the Wei Dynasty to the Wei Dynasty, Ningling, as an old aristocrat of Wei State, was regarded as the chief culprit of Wang Wei. Tian Cang, the rebel general who besieged Xingyang, disagreed with Guangwu's opinion and killed Guangwu under the guise of Chen Shengzhi's life. As a result, this rebel army was completely annihilated. After lifting the siege of Xingyang, Zhang Han pounced on Chen County. Chen Sheng personally bid, unfortunately lost. In December of the second year of Qin Ershi, Chen Sheng retired to the lower city (now northwest of Mengcheng, Anhui Province) as his father and was sentenced to be killed by Zhuang Jia. The "Zhang Chu" regime ended. Uprising slogan; There is no way to punish the thief! ! ! !