1. A positive start
At the initial stage of consultation, the consultant first needs to explain the consultation procedures to the visitors and establish a democratic and cooperative consultation relationship; Secondly, understand the relevant situation of the problem, including the level or degree of the problem, such as "come today, do you want it?" What's the topic? ".Third, ask about changes before consultation to find out what efforts the visitors have made. Its effect. For example, "What have you done so far? What you did. What is the effect? " "What do others suggest you do? Or do something? " "Have you tried these methods? Which one is more helpful to you? Which is the most effective? "... counselors also need to take an uninformed attitude and ask questions with a curious attitude, such as:" I am not sure about this matter. What do you care about most? "Finally, psychological counselors need to be clear about the willingness, confidence and intensity of action of the visitors to change the problem.
target setting
? In the process of focus-solving short-term psychological counseling, one of the tasks of the counselor is to help and guide the visitors to clarify the counseling objectives. Counselors can ask questions and clarify the counseling goals that visitors need to establish.
First of all, the goal is clear, specific and observable. For example, "When things start to get better, what's the difference?" Secondly, the goal is reasonable and achievable. For example, "What do you think is the first change we can see when things start to improve?" "When the problem is improved, what do you think is the first change you can make?" Third, the goal is positive. For example, "What are you going to use instead of sadness?" "What would you change if our interview worked for you?" Finally, goals are important and meaningful to visitors. What are you most concerned about at present? What do you want to change most in our talks? ""What do you want to change most in the face of the status quo? " "When the talks are over, what do you want us to discuss that will make you feel that our discussion is effective? " ……
Using "miracle investigation"
In focus-solving consulting, there are many specific consulting technologies. The most famous is "miracle inquiry", which can be used in the initial conversation with visitors. For example, suppose a miracle happens and his or her problem is solved: "I have a strange question to ask you, maybe with some imagination." Are you ready? Let's assume that you come home from the meeting here today and do what you usually do-do your homework, chat with friends, have dinner, watch TV and so on ... then it's time to go to bed, and you go to bed. I fell asleep soon ... while you were asleep, a miracle happened. Miraculously, the problem that bothered you here was solved at once. But you don't know it has happened, because you are still sleeping, understand? So, when you get up the next morning, what is the first little thing you notice? It will tell you that things have changed-did a miracle happen last night? "
When there are enough questions, miracle questioning will help students to produce a clear, concrete and operable description of the expected solution to the problem (that is, to clearly present or construct the expected solution). Clinical experience shows that when the problem has been solved, students often construct a brand-new picture about how the event will change, which they didn't know or thought impossible before. There is no doubt that this is better than asking questions directly (for example, "How can I help you?" "What kind of different results do you want to see when you come here?" ), tourists' reaction to miraculous problems will feel more realistic and feasible.
Apply "Assess Problems"
The second common skill in focus-solving conversation is "evaluating problems". Counselors can ask visitors to rate themselves on a scale of ten, with 1 representing the worst and 10 representing the situation after the miracle. Evaluation questions are mainly used to help visitors determine the changes that have taken place, especially minor changes. Evaluation questions can also be used in the first consultation meeting. Visitors almost always say that the situation is better than level L, often at level 3 or 4. This phenomenon shows that the situation of tourists has improved. At this time, the counselor will ask him or her to explain how things have improved: "What has changed?" "What made the event improve from 1 to 3?" ... "What did you do to make this happen?"
Therefore, the effect of conversation can often be attributed to the students' efforts (at least part of them). Evaluation questions are also used to identify subtle changes of visiting students between two meetings ("Compared with the last grade 3, the current status is grade 4") and make plans for future grade changes ("From grade 4 to grade 5-7, what do you need to do to improve this situation").
5. Look for "abnormal architecture"
Finding exception frame is one of the most distinctive counseling techniques in focus-solving psychological counseling. The main task is to guide visitors to explore whether the expected goal has ever appeared in the past, that is, to explore what happened under abnormal circumstances, how it happened, and the solutions. For example, "have you encountered similar difficulties before?" What did you do with them at that time? What is the difference between your practice and now? " Is there anything in the past that can be used to solve the present predicament? ""What do you think you need to do to successfully do what you have done before? "and so on. On the other hand, counselors can also discuss the situation when the problems complained by visitors were not so serious in the past. The exception framework mainly uses visitors' original successful experience and resources, and regards visitors as experts in solving problems, so as to explore and construct solutions to problems.
6. Consultation break
SFBT usually has a "negotiation pause" before the end of the talks. After talking with the visitors for 30 to 40 minutes, the counselor will leave for an excuse and consult with the members of the treatment team behind the one-way glass. Together, they will review and negotiate what happened in the talks and provide suggestions to the visitors. At present, in most cases, although such a treatment team is temporarily unavailable. However, the consultant of SFBT should take a break anyway, and "consult" the situation and provide suggestions during the talks with visiting students.
7. Suggestions (including appreciation and distribution)
It is suggested to start with praise and affirm the strength and resources that visitors have and have used. Then assign homework according to the consultation situation (this is designed for visitors, so as to keep constant and change). If the meeting produces a clear and expected solution for the visitor, and the change has occurred and the visitor knows how to make it happen, then the task assigned by the consultant is to "continue to do those tasks that work"; If the change has not happened, but the visitor has a clear picture of the miracle, the consultant asks the visitor to "assume that the miracle has happened, please pay attention to the difference compared with the past"; If the visitor is not sure what to do to make the miracle happen, the counselor will ask the visitor to "pay attention to the time when the problem improves and understand the difference at that time."