Transparent painting is one of the main teaching contents of Binkas. His transparent painting teaching has never been fully demonstrated, and he himself thinks that some transparent painting methods he demonstrated are no longer absolutely accurate classical models, but only his personal research results on this traditional technology.
The beginning of an assignment: the beginning of a work of art is not that the painter raises his pen and drops ink, but that the painter observes the object and chooses the means, tools and materials of painting. Therefore, the whole process of completing a work should include the selection of performance content and the preparation of tools and materials. These two initial painting steps play an important role in the completion of the whole work. Because of this, they should attract our attention.
Oil painting is usually painted on cloth, board or paper. Each material has its own unique aesthetic feeling, and it is the artist's level to use and express this aesthetic feeling.
Canvas: pure linen, cotton cloth and blended cloth. The best canvas is pure linen, which has a long history as oil painting. Domestic flax is of good quality and can be selected. However, blended flax is not suitable for painting, because the fiber shrinkage of different textures is different, and the oil painting color of the work will crack due to the different fiber shrinkage. In addition, good cotton cloth is also a good product in canvas. At present, the ready-made canvas sold in shops is prone to cracking and falling off due to the limitation of production technology. We should encourage artists to paint canvases themselves, because this is an organic part of your painting process.
Stretching canvas: There are four points to pay attention to when stretching canvas.
First, the bought linen should be washed with water to remove gum before use;
Second, don't stretch it too tightly, like a drum, but it should be moderately tight. If it is too tight, the cloth holes will be pulled out, which will have an impact on the gluing and painting process in the future. If it is too tight, it will also cause the color layer to crack.
Third, the canvas must be nailed flat, and the texture of the fiber should be straight and not twisted. Distorted texture (especially rough canvas) will destroy the texture beauty of the surface layer of the work;
Fourth, the nail spacing should be four centimeters.
Glue coating:
(1) Adjustment of glue layer: Glue coating is an extremely important part in the painting process, and it is also the first layer structure of the work. (Note: Transparent painting requires the glue layer to be white, so as to form the transparent refraction effect of the color layer. )
(2) Glue coating: the first coating and the second coating should be thin. The second time should be painted after the first drying. When painting, the canvas should be flat. Similarly, after painting, you should lay flat to dry. The third glue is slightly thicker than the first two, and can be trimmed with a razor after drying. If it is frosted, apply a thin glue to prevent oil absorption.
Sometimes because there is too much glue, or because the canvas mesh is too big, there will be glue leakage on the back, which was ignored by everyone in the past. Mr. Binkas stressed that this phenomenon will lead to different degrees of oil absorption in the picture and cause local damage to the oil painting. If this happens, you can do the following treatment: first use a sponge to absorb the leaked glue, and then use a painting knife to scrape off the rest.
Painting tools:
(1) Brush: There are two points worth noting in this respect. A. Brush is closely related to the technical language, texture and momentum of painting, just as we think that different supporting materials have different aesthetic feelings. Different styles and hairstyles produce painting effects. A single brush will not produce rich brush colors and strokes. B domestic brushes are good brushes, and Mao Feng is quite healthy, so it can be a very good oil painting brush. In the west, there are many kinds of oil painting pens similar to Chinese brush shapes. It is suggested that China oil painters try to develop the aesthetic feeling of Chinese painting pen in oil painting, and learn from China's ink painting techniques.
(2) Painting knife: Painting knife is an expressive and powerful tool;
(3) Sponge: Sponge is a tool that we seldom use in painting, but it is a very useful tool in Binkas' study class. It can be used not only for painting, but also for cleaning canvas and adjusting pigments. Sponges with large water absorption are better;
(4) Carbon rod and fixative: Carbon rod is a well-known tool, but we should pay attention to fixative. In the past, alcohol and rosin were often used as fixatives, but we think that rosin is brittle and has strong solubility in alcohol, which affects the color layer of oil painting and is not suitable. It is best to use cabab black, and domestic latex is also suitable;
Draft: Before putting pen to paper, check the oil absorption of canvas. If the oil absorption is too strong, you should apply another layer of glue. For drawing, Owen used to use quick-drying turpentine, but we opposed it, because turpentine had a destructive effect on the lower rubber layer and the pigment layer covering it in the future, which directly led to oil absorption and darkening of the bottom layer.
Mr. Binkas's painting method is different from that of our oil painting. It is not a block, but a sketch of China, not a change of fiction and fact's lightness, but a plane line drawing outline. In this way, the painting can be lifelike with a pen, which reminds us of the works of European classical painters.
Ink dyeing: After the line draft is dry, it can be fully covered with one layer according to the tone of the object. Cover dyeing is the main technique of transparent painting. Refers to the transparent pigment as the carrier, mixed (without adding white) and covered on the dry color layer.
Overdyeing is one of the main means to obtain tone levels in transparent painting, and it is also an important skill to enrich colors. It can not only cover and dye the color of the bright part, but also cover and dye the color of the dark part, making it layered.
Fast-drying and transparent mordant is most suitable for mask dyeing, and the drying speed of mordant affects the progress of the work. Compared with our previous painting methods, an important advantage of Binkas technology is its fast drying speed. Generally speaking, chromatography 15 hours can be done.
When covering dyeing, sponge can be used to spread the medium evenly.
At this point, it can be said that the second layer of the picture has been completed, and the white glue layer and the line drawing have been covered and dyed by the medium. The white glue layer has hue, but it is very transparent, and the brightness of the whole picture has not changed. The vehicle was rubbed by the sea water, and the color was deposited in the texture of the canvas.