There are seventeen gates in the old city of Chongqing, which are constructed in the image of Nine Palaces and Eight Diagrams to show the meaning of "Jincheng Tang Chi". There are nine specially designed gates to bring water from two rivers into the city. Due to frequent urban fires, the government thought that the sluice could not control Mars, so it closed eight of them. The water gates that close the Eighth Route are Cuiweimen, Wanglongmen, Renhe, Fenghuang, Jintang, Dingyuan, Hongyamen and Xishuimen. There are nine gates: Chaotianmen Gate, Dongshuimen Gate, Taipingmen Gate, Chuqimen Gate, Jinzimen Gate and Nanji Gate, all facing the Yangtze River. In addition, there are Linjiangmen in the north, Siqianmen in Jialing River and Tongyuanmen in the west. A "Chongqing Song" recorded the function of the ancient seventeen gates.

Chongqing Song Dynasty

Chaotianmen, the big pier, welcomes officials and receives saints (opens).

Cuiwei door, hanging satin, colorful (closed).

Thousands of steamed stuffed buns, white as silver (open)

Hongya Gate, wide boat sailing, killing chickens and worshiping God (Guan).

Linjiangmen, Dung Wharf and Tian Fei all have foundations (open).

Tai 'anmen, it's too close, and it's good for the people.

Go away, gongs and drums ring, and watch the dead buried (opened).

Jintang Gate, wooden coffin, neat size (closed).

Nanjimen, cabbage basket, poured out and poured in (opened).

Phoenix Gate, Sichuan Road Turn, herds of cattle and sheep (closed)

Chuqimen, medicine gang, cure all diseases.

Golden Gate, directly opposite Zhentai Yamen (open).

Taipingmen, Old Drum Tower, the time is accurate (open).

Renhe Gate, the gun rang, and the general manager went to patrol (pass).

Dingyuan Gate, Jiaochang Dam, Knife Rod (Guan).

Fuxingmen, galloping as fast as a cloud (closing the door).

Dongshuimen, Zhenwushan and Sifang Ancient Well (open).

How many historical and cultural remains are there in the Bayu culture of 3,000 years? As far as the city wall culture is concerned, the ancient city of Chongqing has 17 gates, which have experienced 600 years of vicissitudes, including the newly discovered emergency gate in July. There are only four ancient city gates at present: Tongyuan Gate, Dongshuimen Gate, Renhe Gate and Emergency Gate. Tongyuanmen and Dongshuimen are well preserved and the transportation is convenient. Tongyuanmen is in Qixinggang, Dongshuimen, Taipingmen and Renhe Gate are along Changbin Road, which are not far apart and need to be reached on foot.

First, enter the distant gate.

At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Mongolian troops invaded Chengdu, Song Jun retreated to Chongqing, and Peng Daya became the magistrate of Chongqing. Peng Daya tried his best to expand and repair Chongqing City, extending to Jialing River in the north and Linjiangmen and Tongyuanmen in the west, which was roughly twice as large as Jiangzhou City expanded by Li Yan, laying a general pattern from now on to the ancient city of Chongqing in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

It is the old road that Chongqing people used to take when they went to Jie Fangbei. But we can know that the two tunnels opened to traffic are not really far away, and the small doorways that need to be stepped up next to them are authentic far away.

To get to Tongyuanmen, you can take the rail transit 1 line, get off at Qixinggang Station 1 and walk for 300 meters. You can also take bus 465, 405, 6 12 and get off at Qixinggang.

Second, Dongshuimen

Dongshuimen is located in the eastern part of Yuzhong Peninsula, just under the pier of Dongshuimen Bridge under construction near Changbin Road. The unique feature of the city gate is that it does not face the river, but faces north, and the newly built "wind corridor" next to it leads directly to Huguang Hall. In the past, Dongshuimen has always been the main port for city people to ferry across the river to the south bank to purchase outings and go to Yunnan and Guizhou. In the Qing dynasty, most foreign businessmen arrived in Chongqing from Dongshuimen by water. In and out of the bustling crowd of vendors, it finally created his position as the most prosperous business district. Times have changed, and the gate of Dongshuimen has witnessed the busy past of many businessmen in long gowns, officials sitting on poles and kung fu.

From Tongyuanmen to Dongshuimen, you can take 4 18 to Xiaoxiong and get off at Daomen Station. It's about 4 kilometers by taxi.

Third, the emergency exit

Chapter 2: Memories of the Ancient City —— The old city gate of the ancient capital Beijing is designed symmetrically and neatly, with great boldness of vision and unparalleled in the world. Among the many buildings in Beijing, the gates and towers are the buildings that can best reflect the grandeur of the ancient capital. However, with the rapid changes, Beijing has long lost sight of its former elegance. The original city wall became a thoroughfare, and the city gate was only reserved as a place name. Now there are only three left-Zhengyangmen, Deshengmen Archway and Yongdingmen.

Pursuing the changes of the city gate, we can still vaguely hear the twilight of old Beijing, see the bright armor of the defenders, and feel the ever-changing blood flowing. With the evolution of history, the gate of prestige dissipates in the years, which can't be touched, seen, but can't be ignored, just like those warriors who can't be ignored in history.

As the old people in Beijing know, there is a saying about the gates of Beijing, which is called "nine gates and seven gates, four gates and eight bells in the imperial city", referring to the gates of the inner city, the outer city and the imperial city of Beijing. They have different names, uses and characteristics.

Among them, "Neijiu" refers to Dongzhimen and Chaoyangmen in the east; Xizhimen and Fuchengmen in the west; Deshengmen and Andingmen in the north; Chongwenmen, Zhengyangmen (front gate) and Xuanwu Gate in the south. "Outer Seven" refers to the outer city gate built in the thirty-second year of Jiajing to strengthen the city defense. Parallel to the "first three doors" in the northernmost part and the inner city are the East Gate and Bianxi Gate, the refractive gate and Guang 'an Gate on the east and west sides, and the Zuo 'an Gate, You 'an Gate and Yongding Gate on the south leading to Zhengyang Gate.

In the early years, the walls and gates of Beijing were ancient military fortifications, and their structures all embodied military purposes. Due to different positions and importance, the inner city walls are generally thicker, the gates are relatively high and there are many openings. The outer wall is thinner and the gate is shorter. For example, the gate of Zuo 'anmen has only one floor and only one doorway. But in general, the gate of Beijing is composed of three parts: watchtower, watchtower and urn.

Interestingly, the old city gate in Beijing even influenced today's calligraphy. I don't know if you have noticed that none of the words "door" on the plaque of Jiumen Tower in Beijing are ticked. Why is the word "door" not ticked? According to legend, the emperor is the favored son of heaven and the reincarnation of the real dragon. Therefore, the emperor was sick and said that the dragon was expensive; The emperor lost his temper and said he was angry; The emperor was happy, saying that the dragon heart is a thing in the water, and everything in the water is not afraid of hooks. You have to use a hook to fish and shrimp. Since the emperor was reincarnated as a real dragon, how could there be a hook where the emperor lived? Therefore, the last stroke of the word "door" in the inner nine doors is straight and there is no tick.

Zhengyangmen (1)

Zhengyangmen was the south gate of the inner city of Beijing in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, which was located on the central axis of Beijing. Because it was directly in front of the imperial city, it was commonly known as the "front gate" by the people. Zhengyangmen, known as Li's main entrance in Yuan Dynasty, was named after the "beauty of the sun, the moon and the sky" in Oracle inscriptions. Beijingers like to call the Zhengyangmen archway "the front gatehouse", and foreigners often appreciate the charm of the front gatehouse from the ancient "Daqianmen" cigarette packaging box. But few people know that the front gatehouse, which people have taken for granted for many years, is not an "original product". Originally, the existing former Gateshoe was a hybrid product of the combination of outside soil and was rebuilt in 1903, and was rebuilt by foreigners in 19 15.

The inner city of old Beijing was rebuilt in the early Ming and Yuan Dynasties. There were 1 1 city gates in the Yuan Dynasty. After the reconstruction, there are 9 gates, but only doorways, no towers. In the first year of Ming dynasty (1436), towers were built for each gate, watchtowers were added, and an urn was built between the towers and watchtowers. Zhengyangmen Arrow Tower was built at that time.

Zhengyangmen, as the main entrance of Beijing, occupies a prominent position, so the towers and arrow towers are higher than the other eight gates. Moreover, there are no doorways under the other eight watchtowers (for example, there are no doorways under the existing Deshengmen watchtower), and pedestrians should walk past the gate building on the side of Wengcheng. Only there are doorways on both sides of Zhengyangmen Wengcheng, and there are doorways under the watchtower, which are only for the emperor to pass through, so it is called "Imperial Road". This rule lasted from the Ming and Qing Dynasties until Yuan Shikai became president in 19 12. It is worth mentioning that there is also a red painted "thousand-pound brake" hanging at the entrance of Zhengyangmen Arrow Tower, which is a "security door" that can fall quickly in an emergency.

Chongwenmen (2) and Xuanwumen (3)

There is Chongwen Gate in the east of Beijing and Xuanwu Gate in the west. "Chongwen" means respecting culture, and "Xuanwu" means promoting Wuwei. The juxtaposition of the two city gates means "writing on the left and fighting on the right" and "civilized Wu 'an". According to the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements, the East is the wood, which is the master; In the west, gold is the main thing, so juren who go to Beijing to take the exam will enter Chongwenmen, the funeral of the dead will go through Xuanwumen, and the condemned prisoners will be taken to the execution ground. In the Qing Dynasty, they also went out of Xuanwu Gate to Caishikou execution ground.

Chongwen Gate, known as Wenming Gate or Hadamen in Yuan Dynasty, is a "scenic gate" with the meaning of a bright and prosperous gate, and its symbol is the Chongwen Iron Turtle in Zhenhai. This is probably the busiest gate in Beijing. When it closes every day, it will ring a bell to remind people who want to get in and out of the gate. While other city gates strike a flat percussion instrument, which sounds like "Cuan", so there is a saying in old Beijing that "nine doors and eight Cuan (points) are one clock", and the "time" commonly used in spoken English in old Beijing probably comes from this. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, all kinds of goods shipped from the south arrived in Tongzhou via the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, all of which entered the city from Chongwenmen by land, where they were inspected and paid taxes. The imperial court set up a tax gate in Chongwenmen, and assigned special personnel to supervise it. Most of the fine wines of that year were shipped from Zhuozhou, Hebei and other places, so it is natural to take the south road when entering Beijing. The wine truck is pushed to Zuo 'anmen in the outer city, and then to Chongwenmen to pay taxes. There are also many bad shops outside Chongwenmen, which used to smell like wine all the way, so they were nicknamed "Wine Gate".

Xuanwumen was called Shuncheng Gate in Yuan Dynasty, and the noon cannon on the urn rang every day, shaking Beijing. Beijingers take this as the right time and call it "Xuanwu noon cannon" Xuanwu Gate is a "dead gate". At that time, most cemeteries in Beijing were in Taoranting area, so there were many mourners in Xuanwu Gate. In the Qing Dynasty, the execution ground was at Caishikou, and the car escorting the death row was also out of Xuanwu Gate. Therefore, there is a saying that "Chongwenmen enters the wine cart and Xuanwumen leaves the prison cart".

Andingmen (4) and Deshengmen (5)

Andingmen and Deshengmen are also two doors with corresponding names. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the army went out to Deshengmen. After winning the battle, the winning team will enter the city from Andingmen (there are different sayings about going out of Andingmen and going back to Deshengmen). Deshengmen was called Jiande Gate in Yuan Dynasty. According to the explanation, when Xu Da led the army into Beijing, Yuan Shundi escaped from Jiandemen in the west of the Yuan Dynasty. Xu Da changed its name to Jiandemen to commemorate this victory. Later, the city wall moved south and was renamed Deshengmen.

Andingmen, also called "Shengmen", means "abundance", so the emperor went out from this door and prayed for a bumper harvest at the Ditan. Guandi Temple was built in eight other city gates, but Zhenwu Emperor Temple was built in Andingmen, and Zhenwu Emperor became the treasure of the city gate. There are many dung yards outside Andingmen, so dung trucks often go in and out from Andingmen.

Dongzhimen (6) and Xizhimen (7)

Dongzhimen, called Chongren Gate in Yuan Dynasty, is located in the north of the inner city wall and is the simplest of the nine inner city doors. It is said that when the city of Beijing was built, from then on, most vehicles carrying wood were transported to the capital. Therefore, Dongzhimen is also called "wooden door". The treasure of the town gate lies in the iron tower outside and the stone statue of drug Lord inside.

Xizhimen, called Heyimen in Yuan Dynasty, is marked by the stone engraved with water lines on the urn, and more water trucks are used. Because of the poor water quality in Beijing, the drinking water in Ming and Qing dynasties was transported to the city by car from Yuquan Mountain in the western suburbs. Yuquan Mountain is located in the northwest of Beijing. From Yuquan Mountain to Beijing, Xizhimen is the only way, so it is called Watergate.

Peace Gate, Jianguomen (8) and Fuxing Gate (9)

Heping Gate, Jianguomen Gate and Fuxingmen do not belong to the old city gates of Old Beijing No.7 Middle School. They were built on the city walls to facilitate traffic after the Japanese invasion of China in the Republic of China, but they are quite different from the original city gates. They have no towers, watchtowers and crocks. In fact, they just opened two arched ticket holes on the original city wall to allow vehicles and pedestrians to pass through.

Yongdingmen (10)

Yongdingmen, located at the southern end of Beijing's central axis, is the largest and most important outer city gate of the whole Nancheng in Ming and Qing Dynasties, which means "long-term stability". 1949 Beiping was peacefully liberated, and the China People's Liberation Army entered the city from Yongdingmen to inspect it, which made this tower have the connotation of revolutionary historical relics.

In order to restore the landscape of Beijing's central axis, after being demolished for nearly half a century, Yongdingmen Tower was finally rebuilt in 2004, reappearing the style of the heyday of the Qing Dynasty. While rebuilding Yongdingmen, the Beijing Museum of Cultural Relics and Ancient Buildings found the stone tablet of Yongdingmen in Xiannongtan, rubbed off the words on the tablet, and made a new plaque to hang on the new city gate. The plaque with the words Yongdingmen is now stored in the Capital Museum.

Xi Long Ren, a Swedish scholar, once made an image metaphor for the walls and gates of Beijing: "If we compare it (Beijing) to a giant's body, the gate is like a giant's mouth, and its breath and speech pass through it, and the life pulse of the whole city is concentrated at the gate. There are not only a large number of vehicles, pedestrians and livestock, but also people's thoughts and wishes, hopes and disappointments, as well as funerals and weddings symbolizing death or rebirth. At the gate of the city, you can feel the pulse of the whole city and let the life and will of the whole city flow through this narrow passage-this pulse gives Beijing, an extremely complex organism, the rhythm of life and movement. "

On the one hand, the disappearance of Beijing's gate has promoted the development of economy and transportation, on the other hand, it has to make people feel sad about the annihilation of historical sites and architectural masterpieces. Now I can only imagine sitting in a speeding car on the second ring road, when the general guarding the city patrols the city wall; I can only imagine standing in front of Deshengmen and looking up at the prosperity of Beijing!

Part III: Tour Guide Exam: List of Tourism Slogans of Provinces Shaanxi: Humanities Shaanxi, Mountains and Rivers Qinling

Shanghai: Discover more and experience more.

Beijing: Welcome to Beijing.

Tianjin: Pearl of Bohai Sea, beautiful Tianjin.

Hebei: Zhao Yan, Cheng Yi, a scenic spot in Hebei.

Shanxi: Jin Jin Shan Mei

Inner Mongolia: Welcome to the beautiful Inner Mongolia.

Liaoning: full of breezes and colorful Liaoning.

Jilin: Ecological Jilin, 22 summers.

Heilongjiang: The scenery in the north is very beautiful in Heilongjiang.

Jiangsu: Beautiful scenery and ancient charm.

Zhejiang: Poetry painting Jiangnan, landscape Zhejiang

Anhui: Like a Wonderland

Fujian: Shanhai Gallery, a paradise on earth.

Jiangxi: The scenery here is unique.

Shandong: Welcome to friendly Shandong.

Henan: the hometown of soul, the hometown of Henan

Hubei: Lingxiu Hubei welcomes you.

Hunan: Splendid Xiaoxiang, Happy Hunan

Guangdong: Guangdong, full of vitality, has become peaceful.

Guangxi: The scenery in the world is very beautiful in Guangxi.

Hainan: sunny Hainan, a holiday paradise

Chongqing: Welcome to the beautiful Chongqing.

Sichuan: Tianfu Sichuan, the hometown of pandas.

Guizhou: Beautiful scenery and colorful Guizhou.

Yunnan: Colorful Yunnan, a tourist paradise.

Tibet: the roof of the world, the magical Tibet.

Gansu: Fine silk, colorful Gansu.

Qinghai: Welcome to the beautiful Qinghai.

Ningxia: No.

Xinjiang: Cultural Holy Land, Great Beauty Xinjiang

Corps: Xinjiang is a good place. Corps from all corners of the country are in love.

Hong Kong: Welcome to Hong Kong.

Macau: Macau

Taiwan Province Province: Welcome to Taiwan Province Province.

So, do you know anything about tour guides and their exams?

First of all, the knowledge of tour guides.

The concept of tour guide:

According to the regulations on the administration of tour guides, a person who has obtained a tour guide card and accepted the appointment of a travel agency to provide guidance, explanation and related travel services for tourists.

Classification of tour guides:

According to the working area: overseas tour leaders, full-time accompanying tour guides (abbreviated as full-time accompanying tour guides) and local accompanying tour guides (Jane

Said to accompany), scenic spots guide;

By language: Chinese tour guides (including Mandarin, dialects and minority languages) and foreign tour guides (including English, Japanese, Korean, French, German and Italian);

According to the technical level: primary, intermediate, advanced and super tour guides.

Requirements for tour guides:

Strong sense of patriotism and extensive basic knowledge (language, tourism knowledge, policies and regulations, history, geography, local customs, literature, economy, architecture, psychology, management, etc.). ), strong organization, coordination, adaptability, proficient in tour guide business, high tour guide skills, attention to gfd, physical and mental health.

Second, the tour guide card.

Tour guide qualification certificate and tour guide certificate:

The tour guide qualification certificate is the national certificate of the qualification of tour guide service personnel, which is valid for life, while the tour guide certificate is the certificate of business license, which is valid for 3 years (renewable). Passing the exam and obtaining the qualification certificate of tour guide is only the entrance of tour guide. Engaged in the tour guide profession, you must also obtain a tour guide certificate in accordance with the regulations. We got a tour guide qualification certificate.

Application conditions:

China citizens, with high school or secondary specialized school education, good health. Application procedure:

Registration in early September, usually online. 1 1 or 65438+written test in early February. The written test is divided into three parts: basic knowledge of tour guides (including national and local parts), tour guide practice and tourism policies and regulations, and lasts for half a day.

The written test is followed by the oral test. The oral test includes the explanation of scenic spots (randomly selected one), scenic spots and business questions and answers. Out of 100, the time is 10-20 minutes.

65438+At the end of February or the following year, if the results come out, they will be admitted according to the total score.

At the end of February, I went to the local tourism bureau for training, got a tour guide qualification certificate, and then went through the formalities to get a tour guide certificate.

Economic expenditure (taking Shandong as an example):

Before the exam: the registration fee is 260 yuan, the teaching materials and test questions are 200 yuan, and the training fee is 600 yuan to 2000 yuan;

After getting the IC card, the average total is about 1000 yuan.

Three, now summarize some understanding, for your reference.

1. Is it suitable for being a tour guide?

Tour guides should be outgoing, lively and cheerful, love to deal with people and serve others. The ability of a tour guide should be eloquent, articulate, psychologically stable, able to control the situation, handle all kinds of emergencies, and be able to run errands all day and be on call. If you are not such a person, you can't be a good tour guide.

2. Do I have to report to the class?

The advantage of applying for classes is that the information is comprehensive and rich. You can learn something that is not in the book, but is useful for taking a tour group, meet some talented tour guides or senior teachers in colleges and make a group of friends. The disadvantages of applying for classes are: the quality of training courses is uneven, the level of teachers is generally not high (the so-called senior examiner is the kind of person who has him in the book and can't tell without him), and the cost is not low (especially for students).

3. how to learn?

(1) Read comprehensively and carefully, and don't miss any knowledge points. The examination questions in 2009 were too detailed, which stumped a lot. Don't believe everything the teacher says in the punching class. The most important thing is to read the book carefully according to the outline.

(2) After reading the book, it is best to make a field trip to major scenic spots and take notes according to the tour guide's words, which should be highly targeted. Luck is never desirable.

(3) It is best to do some corresponding exercises when reading, especially in the sprint stage. Remember!

4. How to take the exam?

The written test is not difficult for those who meet the requirements, and it is not difficult for those who are difficult. When you can't learn the topic, learn it according to common sense, and finally get a few points. As long as you are not nervous about the oral exam. In fact, everyone is similar, there is nothing to be afraid of! ! Think about the worst result: if you fail in the exam, there will be plenty of opportunities in the future! The explanation of scenic spots is at most half, and it is best not to be intermittent, but to be smooth and in one go! Questions and answers, as long as you review, will naturally answer.

Fourth, others.

Can I join a tour group if I get a permit? With the guide card, learning has just begun. Read more books, learn more skills and practice a few times before you can bring a good group. Only the little things in the textbook will be scolded to death by the guests.

Tour guide exam is a comprehensive exam, which is difficult, time-consuming, laborious and expensive, and the pass rate is not high, but as long as you are confident and diligent, you will certainly pass the exam.

National tourist attractions are clear and practical!