Laozi's works and thoughts have become the precious wealth of the world historical and cultural heritage. The influence of Laozi's thought is unparalleled not only in Taoism, but also far-reaching outside Taoism.
Its influence not only includes philosophy, religion, politics, economics, sociology, aesthetics, ethics, literature and art, psychology, education, logic and rhetoric, but also involves many fields such as medicine, health preservation, qigong, military affairs, management, architecture and gardening. According to the incomplete statistics of the Yuan Dynasty, since the pre-Qin period, there have been more than 3,000 kinds of research and annotation works in the Yuan Dynasty.
As early as18th century, some western countries had many versions of Laozi. According to the statistics of UNESCO, Laozi is the most published book except the Bible in the world, with more than 300 editions in Japan alone.
By the forties and fifties of the 20th century, there were more than 60 translations of Tao Te Ching in Europe, and world-renowned scholars such as German philosopher Hegel, Nietzsche and Russian great writer Tolstoy had made in-depth research on Tao Te Ching, and all of them had monographs or monographs.
Laozi is one of the three great saints in the East in the eyes of westerners. The New York Times once listed Laozi as one of the top ten writers in the world. There are ten statues of the world's top thinkers in the square of the British Library in London, and Laozi is one of them. Laozi's thought has already broken through national boundaries and become the spiritual wealth of all mankind.
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Laozi
On February15th of the lunar calendar, a great man, Lao Zi, was born in Qurenli, Li Xiang Township, an ancient county of Chu in the east of the world, which is now Taiqinggong Town, Lu Yi City, Henan Province. He was a great philosopher, thinker and founder of Taoist school in ancient China, and was rated as one of the top 100 celebrities in the world today. As we all know, before Laozi, there were only some philosophical viewpoints in the society, and a systematic philosophical theory was formed from Laozi. Therefore, Lu Yi is not only a sacred fairyland, but also the birthplace of oriental philosophy.
According to Sima Qian's Historical Records (Volume 63) and Lao Zi Han Fei Biography, "Lao Zi was born in Qurenli, Chuku County, and his surname is Li. His name is Bai Yang, posthumous title Yong and Zhou Shoucang in history. Confucius must ask Laozi when he is suitable for the week. " Sima Zhen's "Historical Records" says: "The bitter history is also. Confucius must ask Laozi when he is suitable for the week. " Sima Zhen's Historical Records says: "The bitter county belongs to Chen, and Chu destroyed Chen in the Spring and Autumn Period, and the bitterness belongs to Chu, so it is a bitter county." Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics said: "I remember Lao Tzu's tablet on the edge of Shao, saying that Lao Tzu is Chu-like, empty and barren. Now, after all the hardships, the city still exists. It is in the east of the hometown, and the vortex water is in the sun "(the Wohe River was diverted from the south of Taiqing Palace to the north of Taiqing Palace in the early Yuan Dynasty). Looking through the national history of past dynasties, all kinds of ci books and famous works, as well as the annals of Henan Province, Moral Guidance, Luyi County Annals, Jiangnan Annals, Anhui Annals and Mizhou Zhi Zhi, it is clearly recorded that Laozi was born in Taiqinggong Town, Luyi County, Henan Province. Historians, philosophers, religious figures and experts on the elderly have all written books or published papers on the ancient evidence that Laozi was born in Taiqinggong Town, Lu Yi. According to the Records of Haozhou, "Taiqing Palace is forty-five miles west of the city, and now it belongs to Lu Yi, the birthplace of Laozi". There are 200 volumes in Jiangnan Tongzhi (Anhui and Jiangsu are now collectively referred to as jiangnan province during the reign of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty), and there is a Mistaken Mirror, which specifically researches the mistakes in the old records, including the research on Li Er. The conclusion is: "Li Er was born in Lu Yi, not Jiangnan. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Mizhou was adjacent to six counties. Now only Qiaocheng and Chengfu counties are in the south of the Yangtze River, and the rest belong to Henan. The old record of Fengyang characters in Li Er is wrong. " . In the reconstruction of Annals of Anhui Province, there are two records: "The Taiqing Palace is forty-five miles west of Bozhou, where I was pregnant, and the base address still exists. The old name was Amethyst Palace, and Tang Tianbao changed it in two years. " The other paragraph is: "Bozhou, Shiyuan, Chen Tuan, now Luyi County, Guide House, Henan Province, the old record was collected in Yingzhou, and it was mistaken for Laozi. I will break it." Write clearly and automatically correct past mistakes. 199 1 year, Xinhua News Agency reported in Hefei in May 10 that Bozhou, Anhui Province decided to hold the world symposium on Laozi, saying: "Laozi, also known as Yong, is an ancient thinker of the same age as Confucius and the founder of the Taoist school in China. His hometown is in Luyi County, Henan Province, which is adjacent to Bozhou." Seeking truth from facts is our traditional style of study and should be carried forward.
Laozi is an influential figure in the history of thought, culture and religion in China. Laozi is a man, but he is a god and a leader of Taoism. The masses all respect the old gentleman. Laozi has a historical evolution from man to god. In the Tang Dynasty, it was not sudden that I was named "Emperor Taizong Xuanyuan". Gai had already been named "Emperor Taizong Xuanyuan". From Sima Qian's point of view, "Gai Laozi is over 60 years old, or over 200 years old, to cultivate Buddhism and support his life." It shows that it has been circulated in the Western Han Dynasty that Laozi is a living immortal who has lived for hundreds of years. The inscription of Laozi written by Bian Shao in the Eastern Han Dynasty said: "Laozi was born of nature", and also said: "Laozi was separated from the chaotic vitality and began with the three lights". In the post-Han period, Laozi was completely deified and became a god and leader. So Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty made the Huang Lao Pagoda Hall in the palace, juxtaposing Huang Lao with the pagoda, the former being the first of Taoism and the latter being the first of Buddhism. The so-called "Huang Lao" here refers to Lao Zi. Thus, in the eighth year of Emperor Yan Xi (A.D. 165), Zuo Guan, a regular servant, was killed and went to Guxian to offer sacrifices to Lao Zi. In the ninth year of Yan Xi (166), Emperor Huan visited Lao Zi in the Dragon Palace. It can be seen that Lao Tzu has become a sacred leader at this time. Now there are Taoist temples all over the country. Taiqing Palace in Lu Yi was built in the eighth year of Han and Yan Xi, and Laojuntai was built in the early Tang Dynasty. The incense is enduring, and Laozi is honored by the masses as the old gentleman on the throne.
The 5,000-word Tao Te Ching left by Laozi is extensive and profound, which is a great treasure of Chinese culture-and the first masterpiece of China's philosophical ontology. Its contents involve philosophy, literature, military science, aesthetics, medicine, sociology, ethics, astronomy, and health preservation, and it is known as an encyclopedia. His theory of inaction, the dialectical theory of the transformation rate of one thing and two things, and the profound philosophy of "harmony between man and nature" have influenced China people's thoughts and behaviors for 2,500 years. As a cultural gene, it permeates people's lifestyles, lifestyles and ways of thinking. It affects China people's world outlook, outlook on life, values, aesthetics, outlook on life and death and other cultural concepts. Tao Te Ching has not only influenced the history of thought for 2,000 years since the Han Dynasty, but also attracted the attention of western thinkers and became one of the world's philosophical treasures. Since ancient times, there have been more than 3,000 critics, and the publishing circulation ranks second in the world. Nowadays, the global "Laozi" is hot, and the study of old learning is unprecedentedly high. In recent years, international Lao Tzu academic seminars have been held in various places. 1993, Germany held an international symposium on Laozi; 1994, Lu Yi held an international symposium on Laozi; 1995, China Academy of Social Sciences held an international symposium on Taoist culture in Xi 'an. Such frequent international activities to study the elderly are unprecedented in history, pushing the study of the elderly to a new stage and reaching a new level.
On the one hand, Laozi's thought has a profound ideological and cultural foundation because it systematically summarizes the cultural traditions since ancient times; On the other hand, on the basis of inheritance, Laozi opened up a new direction of cultural development, and established a philosophical system with Tao as its ontology for the first time in the history of China, which laid a philosophical foundation for the cultural development of China. Laozi's thought has exerted an all-round influence on China culture and has a very positive significance for the development of modern culture. Laozi's greatest contribution in the history of China's philosophy is to point out that metaphysical Tao is the origin and foundation of all things in the universe, and to establish a systematic philosophical thought system with Tao as the core, including ontology, dialectical method, epistemology and philosophy of life. Laozi's ontological thinking and methodological thinking make "Tao" truly become the noblest concept and the most basic motive force in China's thought. From the following aspects, we can see that Laozi's philosophy is the basis of China's traditional philosophy: Taoism in pre-Qin, Taoism in Han Dynasty, metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties, Buddhism in Sui and Tang Dynasties, Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties, and the introduction of Taoism, morality, being, nothingness, movement, quietness and infinity. Because Laozi's thought is an ideological system with rich concepts and has many in-depth and accurate views on nature, society and people, it has gained some special theoretical qualities, including many theoretical growth points and different ideological systems. Therefore, the development of modern China philosophy and China culture still needs to learn from Laozi's philosophy. Laozi's wisdom has guiding significance for solving various problems faced by modern human beings. He put forward the category of "Tao" as the root and foundation of life value. Laozi's "Tao" is not only the foundation of all things in the universe, but also the foundation of all things' existence and development. Metaphysical "Tao" has become a way of human behavior and life when it is implemented in the relationship between man and nature, man and society, and man and himself. In the relationship between man and nature, Lao Tzu emphasized the subjectivity of man and the objectivity of natural laws, and advocated that man should obey nature and oppose its plunder. In the relationship between individuals and others, and with groups, Laozi put forward the principle of "indisputable", and advocated solving disputes through setbacks, sharing weal and woe, and opposing fame and gain, so as to achieve harmonious coexistence between people and society. On the self-improvement of individual life, Laozi put forward "the way of long life and long vision". Laozi's thoughts not only have a great influence on the formation and development of China's traditional culture, but also provide positive wisdom for the current and future culture and life of mankind. We should carry forward the excellent traditional culture of the motherland, open up a harmonious world and create a beautiful world.
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Information about Laozi
Lao Tzu, surnamed Li Minger, pronounced dān, or Bo Yang. Huaxia nationality, born in Guxian [1] in the Spring and Autumn Period of Zhou Dynasty, was born in about 57 1 year BC and died in 47 1 year BC. [2- 10] Laozi was a great thinker, philosopher, writer and historian in ancient China, the founder and main representative of the Taoist school, and was honored as the ancestor of Li by the emperors in the Tang Dynasty. Laozi is a world cultural celebrity and one of the top 100 historical celebrities in the world. Tao Te Ching (also known as Laozi) exists today, and its core essence is simple dialectics, which advocates inaction. [1 1- 12] In the 1980s, according to the statistics of UNESCO, among the world's cultural masterpieces, the Bible was translated into foreign languages with the largest circulation, followed by Tao Te Ching. [13] Laozi's thought has a profound influence on the development of China's philosophy, and it is one of the works with the largest circulation in the world. In Taoism, Laozi is regarded as the ancestor of Taoism. Laozi and Zhuangzi of later generations are also called Zhuang zi. [4-8] Laozi is known as the head of the three sages in the East, and The New York Times in the United States ranks as the head of the top ten writers in the world. Confucius asked Laozi for gifts and Tao several times. Since ancient times, it has been called "Laozi is the best in the world". In terms of self-cultivation, Laozi is the ancestor of Taoist double cultivation, paying attention to modest and upright practice and not competing with others. Politically, Laozi advocates the rule of inaction and the teaching of words. Politically, Lao Tzu pays attention to the truth that extremes meet. [9- 10] Because Laozi was the founder of Taoism, Laozi was also called "the old gentleman on the throne" by the ancients. [4] Chinese name Lao Zi/Lao Zi in mbth, Li Er, alias Lao Zi,,, Taishang Laojun, the origin of the Zhou Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period, Chen County [15] Chen County, the birthplace of the Chinese nation [16]. The date of birth is about 57 1 year BC (Gengyin year) and the date of death is 47 1 year BC. Professional thinkers, philosophers, writers and historians believe in the dialectical thoughts of the founders of the Taoist school, and their representative work, Lao Zi (/Tao de Ching), is the representative work of Li Zu, whose name is Tang Shengzu, the number of Xuanyuan Hall of Tai Shang Huang, and the name is Guan Yinzi, the son of Tai Shang Lao Jun.
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Specific information about Laozi
Records in Historical Records: Li Zi, surnamed Li 6 1, was born on February 25th of the lunar calendar in 57 1 BC, and his birthday was, belonging to Aries. Chen Yu 6 1 Qurenli, Li Xiang Township, Guxian County, is now located in Taiqinggong Town. The Tao Te Ching has five thousand words and eighty-one chapters. He lived a long life by practicing Buddhism, probably living1over 60 years old, 6 1 or over 200 years old. Confucius, a contemporary of Confucius (55 1-479), was in his twenties. In 61527 6151561501486 BC, Confucius asked Laozi for advice several times, saying that Laozi was still a dragon. Laozi, whose real name is Bai Yang, also known as "Laozi" in ancient times (in ancient times, the pronunciation of the old word was the same as that of "Li"), Qurenli, Guxian Township, China in the Spring and Autumn Period (now Taiqinggong Town, Luyi County, Henan Province) [1]. One of the world's top 100 historical celebrities, a great philosopher and thinker in ancient China, the founder of Taoist school, and a world cultural celebrity.
It is said that his mother 198 1 was pregnant and gave birth to him from the armpit. I was born with a white eyebrow and a white beard, so I'm called Lao Zi. Laozi lived in the Spring and Autumn Period and served as the director of the National Library in Luoyi, the capital of Zhou Dynasty. He is knowledgeable and versatile. When Confucius traveled around the world, he went to Luoyi to ask Laozi. In his later years, Lao Zi took Qingniu to the west and wrote a 5,000-word Tao Te Ching (also known as Tao Te Ching, or Lao Zi for short, or Lao Zi's 5,000 articles) in Hanguguan (now Lingbao, Henan). In Taoism, Laozi is the eighteenth incarnation of the old gentleman.
According to legend, Lao Tzu trained Yi Xi, the general commander of Hanguguan. After that, I went west to Kunwu (now zhouzhi county, Xi City, Shaanxi Province). Seeing the ups and downs of the mountains and rivers (Zhong Nanshan Tianyu River) and peaks here, I stopped here and made grass for this building to practice the scriptures. Spread to this day, it is called Louguantai. It is the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, national AAAA-level tourist scenic spots, and contains more than 300 inkstones of scholars and poets in past dynasties. History is called the birthplace of Taoism. Lao Tzu was buried in Xilouguan, eight kilometers away from here, and there is still the existing Lao Tzu's tomb.
Tao Te Ching contains rich dialectical thoughts. Laozi's philosophy and ancient Greek philosophy constitute two sources of human philosophy, and Laozi is honored as "the father of China's philosophy" because of his profound philosophical thoughts. Laozi's thought was passed down by Zhuangzi, and together with Confucianism and later Buddhism, it formed the core of China's traditional thought and culture. After the appearance of Taoism, Laozi was honored as "the old gentleman on the throne"; From the biography of the immortal, Lao Tzu has been honored as a fairy. Tao Te Ching has more than 1000 foreign language versions, which is the most translated book in China.
Laozi's ideological proposition is "inaction", and Laozi's ideal political realm is "neighboring countries look at each other, chickens and dogs hear each other, and people don't talk to each other until they die." Laozi used Tao to explain the evolution of all things in the universe, which is an objective natural law, and at the same time has the eternal significance of "being independent and unchanging, doing without danger". The book Laozi contains many simple dialectical views, such as that everything has two sides, and the "movement of Tao" can be transformed from opposition, "what is right is strange, what is good is evil" and "what is bad is good, and what is bad is hidden". He also believes that everything in the world is the unity of "being" and "nothing", and "being and nothing" are the foundation, and "everything in the world is born of something and born of nothing". "The way of heaven, the loss is more than enough, but the way of man is not, and the loss is not enough"; "People's hunger is as much as food tax"; "People die lightly, but they live on it"; "People are not afraid of death. Why are you afraid of death?" . His theory has a far-reaching influence on the development of China's philosophy, and its contents are mainly found in the book Laozi. His philosophical thoughts and the Taoist school he founded not only made important contributions to the development of China's ancient ideology and culture, but also had a far-reaching impact on the development of China's ideology and culture for more than two thousand years.
Some people think that Lao Laizi is also a Chu. At the same time as Confucius, he wrote 15 books to promote Taoism. Some people think it is Zhou Taishi (dān), who lived 100 years after the death of Confucius. Nowadays, many scholars have adopted the first view that Laozi was born in Li Er at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. [Edit this paragraph] Laozi's Works Laozi wrote a 5,000-word Book of Laozi before the Hangu Pass, also known as the Tao Te Ching or the Tao Te Ching. Tao Te Ching, The Book of Changes and The Analects of Confucius are considered to be the three most influential masterpieces in China. Tao Te Ching is divided into two volumes, about 5,000 words.
Tao Te Ching was later named. At first, Lao Zi's book was called Lao Zi, but there was no such name as Tao Te Ching. Its completion date was controversial in the past, but it is still uncertain. However, according to the date of "Laozi" on Guodian bamboo slips unearthed in 1993, it was written at least in the middle and early Warring States period.
Laozi used Tao to explain the evolution of all things in the universe, thinking that "Tao gives birth to one, two, two, three and three things" and "Tao" is "the fate of a husband is natural", so "man should be in the earth, the earth should be in the sky, the sky should be in the Tao, and the Tao should be natural". "Tao" is an objective natural law, and at the same time it has the eternal significance of "being independent and unchanging, walking without danger" The book Laozi contains many simple dialectical views, such as that everything has two sides, and the "movement of Tao" can be transformed from opposition, "the right is strange, the good is evil" and "the disaster is a blessing, and the disaster is hidden". He also believes that everything in the world is the unity of "being" and "being" in Laozi's Tao Te Ching, and "being and not being mutual" is based on "being without being", and "everything in the world is born with being, but not being". In addition, there are a lot of people-oriented ideas in the book: "Heaven has more than enough to make up for it, humanity is insufficient, and loss is not enough to support it"; "People's hunger is as much as food tax"; "People die lightly, but they live on it"; "People are not afraid of death. Why are you afraid of death?" . His theory had a far-reaching impact on the development of China's philosophy.
There are many translations of Laozi since ancient times, and there are many versions of the original text, so it is difficult to study it. [Edit this paragraph] Laozi's philosophy Laozi tried to establish a theory that is applicable to everything.
Lao Tzu believes that everything follows this law (Tao):
Opposing things will transform into each other, that is, yin and yang transformation. Taiji yin and yang
Law (morality) comes from the law (Tao) of things.
Here are some examples to help you understand:
Original text: "Virtue is not virtue, but virtue; There is virtue without losing it, and it is not virtue. " "I lost my way and became virtuous."
Analysis: A good method can be flexible (immoral: there is no fixed method, which means flexible), but a bad method will not be flexible. Because the method comes from the law of things, it is better to know the law than the method.
Original text: "Those who make good use of people do it." "A saint who wants to go to the people must use his words ..."
Analysis: The more people lower their posture, the more they will be admired and respected. It is the conversion of "down" and "up".
Original text: "The people are difficult to treat, but they are difficult to treat because of their actions."
Analysis: The less a politician has personal thoughts (the more hopeless) and follows the people's thoughts, the better he can govern the country. It is the transformation between "incurable" and "cured".
Laozi's "inaction" is not aimed at "inaction", but at "doing something" Because according to the "Tao" mentioned above, "inaction" will be transformed into "promising".
The genius of this idea is that although it is not aimed at obtaining benefits subjectively, it can achieve benefits better objectively.
From "heaven and earth have no push, the sun and the moon are self-evident, the stars are self-ordered, and the animals are self-made." This is natural, why bother? " (See the fourth paragraph of Confucius' question in Lao Zi's Story below):
Laozi's concept of "nature" is similar to that of God, and the law of everything (Tao) is stipulated by God (nature), that is, "Tao is nature". Taiji bagua diagram
Even Laozi's thought can't get rid of the way people thought at that time, that is, the operation of the universe must be promoted by God.
It should be noted that.
In fact, human life is like the existence of the universe, and no one can rationally point out its purpose.
Therefore, the irrational choice of a certain goal (s) becomes the only choice.
Laozi looked at the problem from the infinite standpoint of Tao.
So Lao Tzu only said "method" and didn't point out "purpose".
This gives us a revelation: why do people suffer because they deliberately achieve their goals? Being idle and carefree is also a way to treat people.
As for Laozi's world outlook, according to the previous Tao, "nothing" and "being" (the existence of everything is "being") will be transformed into each other. Therefore, Lao Tzu believes that everything in the universe comes from nothingness and moves towards nothingness. For example, the life and death of human beings (see the following story about the death of a saint told by Lao Zi: "Once upon a time, Lao Dan was born out of nothing" and "Today, Lao Dan died out of nothing").
Mingdao Palace [Edit this paragraph] Laozi's hometown, Taiqing Palace, Lu Yi, Henan.
Taiqing Palace is located ten miles east of Luyi County. According to historical records, in the eighth year of Yan Xi in the Eastern Han Dynasty (A.D. 165), Emperor Herry Liu sent a servant to manage the tyrant and founded it, formerly known as Laozi Temple. In the third year of Wude in the Ming Dynasty of Tang Dynasty (AD 620), in order to rule the world and improve the family status, Li Yuan listened to Ji's suggestion, recognized Laozi as his ancestor, and sent people to expand the Laozi Temple in the Han Dynasty, taking the size of the palace as the royal temple. In the first year of Ganfeng (AD 666), Tang Gaozong Li Zhi, posthumous title and Laozi were named "Emperor's Emperor Xuanyuan", and the name of the hall was changed to "Xuanyuan Hall" by adding "Purple Palace" and "Taiqing Building". In the first year of Guangzhai of Wu Zetian (AD 684), Laozi's mother was canonized as the "Congenital Empress Dowager", which was expanded into a palace on the basis of Li Mu Temple in Han Dynasty, located in the north of Taiqing Palace. When I arrived in Li Longji of Xuanzong, the Taiqing Palace was rebuilt, reaching its peak, covering an area of 872 mu and four miles in Fiona Fang. The buildings in the palace are arranged in an orderly way, and the Qionglou Yuyu is magnificent. Taiqing Palace is called Qiangong and Dong Xiao Palace is called Hougong. The former palace is dedicated to Laozi, and the latter to Li Mu. There is a river and a bridge between the two palaces. This river is called "Jinshui" and this bridge is called "Huixian".
During the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty also paid a visit to Taiqing Palace, honoring Laozi as "the Great Sage, the Golden Que Emperor", changing the name of the temple to Taiqing Palace, and personally annotating the 5,000-word Tao Te Ching, carving stones in Taiqing Palace. This monument still exists today. Together with the inscriptions of the Taiqing Palace and other dynasties,/kloc-0 was listed as a key cultural relics protection unit in Henan Province in 1986 and upgraded to a national key cultural relics protection unit in 200 1 year. During the Tang Dynasty, the royal family sent 500 soldiers to guard the Taiqing Palace.
At the end of Tang Dynasty, Taiqing Palace was destroyed by military affairs in Huang Chao. During the reconstruction of Song Zhenzong, the national treasury allocated funds to rebuild Taiqing Palace and Dongye Palace, which were larger than those in the Tang Dynasty. When it was rebuilt, there were inscriptions such as "Rebuilding the Taiqing Palace Monument in the Great Song Dynasty", "Ode to the Congenital Empress Dowager" and "The Story of Huizhenqiao", which have been handed down to this day. After the reconstruction, Emperor Zhenzong personally led Manchu civil servants to worship in Taiqing Palace. The monument of "Zan Empress Dowager" erected by Zhenzong is eight meters high and two meters wide. Two dragons crouched at the head of the monument, supported by a tortoise. It is a "san huang Monument" made by the real clan, with beautiful calligraphy and fine stone, and it has been well preserved so far. It is a peerless treasure in Taiqing Palace. Later, it was repaired and scrapped many times, and inscriptions were rebuilt in Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. In the mid-Yuan Dynasty, the emperor issued imperial edicts and licenses to protect the Taiqing Palace, and the inscription has been preserved to this day. When it was rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty, the scale was still considerable, but compared with the heyday of the Tang and Song Dynasties, it was only "11/1000". Compared with the Qing dynasty, it is only "eleven thousandths". There are five buildings in Taiqing Palace, one iron column, three ancient cypresses, nine inscriptions and a moon-looking well. Dong Xiao Palace has only five Notre Dame, three doll palaces and a stone tablet of the Song Dynasty.
At the end of Song Dynasty, the Jingkang Rebellion brought disaster to Taiqing Palace, and many buildings were destroyed by fire. In the Jin Dynasty, it was rebuilt, but it was seriously damaged. After the unification of the Yuan Dynasty, Taoism was highly valued. The court issued a decree to protect Taiqing Palace, clearly stipulating that Taiqing Palace and Dong Xiao Palace were protected by the state, and the land, trees and all property within forty miles of Fiona Fang of Taiqing Palace belonged to Taiqing Palace. At the end of Yuan Dynasty, Taiqing Palace was flooded frequently, and most buildings were destroyed. It was not until the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty that Taijitang was rebuilt on the original site, but the scale was far less than before and it became a good place for people to relax.
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Introduction to Laozi
Laozi, surnamed Li Minger, was born in Chen County in the late Spring and Autumn Period of 57 BC/KLOC-0 BC. Laozi was a thinker, philosopher, writer and historian in ancient China, the founder and main representative of Taoist school, which had a far-reaching influence on the development of China's philosophy. Its ideological core is simple dialectics. Politically, Laozi advocates the rule of inaction and the teaching of words. Politically, Lao Tzu pays attention to the truth that extremes meet. In terms of self-cultivation, Laozi is the ancestor of Taoist double cultivation, paying attention to modest and upright practice and not competing with others. Extended data:
Laozi's works and thoughts have become the precious wealth of the world historical and cultural heritage. The influence of Laozi's thought is unparalleled not only in Taoism, but also far-reaching outside Taoism. Its influence not only includes philosophy, religion, politics, economics, sociology, aesthetics, ethics, literature and art, psychology, education, logic and rhetoric. But also involves medicine, health, qigong, military, management, architecture, gardening and many other fields. According to the incomplete statistics of the Yuan Dynasty, since the pre-Qin period, there have been more than 3,000 kinds of research and annotation works in the Yuan Dynasty. As early as18th century, some western countries had many versions of Laozi. According to the statistics of UNESCO, Laozi is the most published book except the Bible in the world, with more than 300 editions in Japan alone. By the forties and fifties of the 20th century, there were more than 60 translations of Tao Te Ching in Europe. World-renowned scholars such as German philosophers Hegel, Nietzsche and Russian great writer Tolstoy all made in-depth research on Tao Te Ching, and all of them had monographs or monographs. Baidu encyclopedia-Laozi
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Confucius and Laozi have 50 words of information.
Laozi, also known as Lao Dan and Li Er, was born in Qurenli, an ancient county of Chu (now Taiqinggong Town, Luyi County, Henan Province). He was a great philosopher and thinker in ancient China and the founder of Taoist school. The emperor of the Tang Dynasty regarded Laozi as the ancestor, and Tang Gaozong visited Lu Yi and named Laozi "the Emperor's Father Xuanyuan". Later, Emperor Wudi of the Tang Dynasty made Lao Zi an old gentleman, and Ku County was renamed zhenyuan county, Weizhen County and Luyi County by the emperor, leaving many precious cultural relics related to Lao Zi. Laozi is a world cultural celebrity, one of the world's 100 historical celebrities, and the author of Tao Te Ching (also known as Laozi). The essence of his works is simple dialectical method, which advocates inaction. His theory has a far-reaching impact on the development of China's philosophy. In Taoism, Laozi is regarded as the ancestor of Taoism.
Kong Qiu (September 28th, 55 1 year ~1April 479/year), with the word Zhong Ni. The second child, Han nationality, was from Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period. Confucius was a great thinker, educator, theoretical politician, founder of Confucianism and one of the most famous cultural celebrities in the world in ancient China. China's first chronological history book Spring and Autumn Annals was compiled. According to relevant records, Confucius was born in Changping Township (now Nanxin Town, southeast of Qufu City, Shandong Province).