Annual report of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences. 2009
Collision orogeny and mineralization in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
In 2009, the Ministry of Land and Resources won the first prize of science and technology. Winners include Institute of Mineral Resources of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Institute of Geology and Geophysics of China Academy of Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources and Institute of Geology of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences. The winners are Hou Zengqian, Mo Xuanxue, Pan Guitang, Wang, Zhang Zhongjie, Luo, Tang Juxing, Qin, Qu Xiaoming, Wang Zongqi and Yang Zhusen. This achievement is the final integrated research achievement of the National Basic Research Plan 973 Project, the major scientific and technological innovation project of Chinese Academy of Sciences and the geological survey project of China Geological Survey.
Members of the research group are carrying out geological mapping in Tinggong mining area, Tibet.
Researcher Hou Zengqian (first from the right) conducted a field geological survey in the Tuotuohe lead-zinc mine area in Qinghai.
The key deposit studied by the project-Qulong Copper Mine (the largest porphyry copper mine in China).
Members of the research group are doing core logging in the Qulong copper mine area in Tibet.
The main innovations are as follows: ① It is found that the land-land collision process on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has three stages: main collision aggregation (65 ~ 4 1ma), late collision transformation (40 ~ 26ma) and post-collision extension < < 25Ma. It is confirmed for the first time that the stress field in the three-stage collision process has a cyclic evolution of tension/pressure alternation, and the dynamic model of continental collision orogeny is studied and established, which is of great scientific significance for understanding the formation and evolution of supercontinent. It is pointed out that large-scale magmatic underplating is one of the main mechanisms of vertical crustal proliferation and crustal thickening in the plateau. (2) It is found that the rotating structure mainly occurs in the eastern margin of the plateau rather than large-scale block escape, and the deformation mechanism of the rotating structure in the eastern margin of the plateau is put forward; Petrological evidence of Indian plate fracture, lithospheric compression and asthenosphere upwelling was found; It is pointed out that there are two types of main collision zone: newborn crust and recycled crust. The development time and formation mechanism of active rift system and detachment system in southern Tibet, the main collision zone, are put forward, which is helpful to the study of continental dynamics of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. (3) A brand-new continental collision metallogenic theory centered on continental convergence, tectonic transformation and crustal extension metallogenic system is put forward and established for the first time, and the dynamic background, deep process, development mechanism and metallogenic mechanism of continental collision zone metallogenic system and large-scale deposit formation are systematically expounded, which has made important contributions to the development of regional metallogeny. ④ For the first time, five continental metallogenic systems and more than 10 landmark deposit types in the continental collision zone have been determined, and five typical new metallogenic models represented by the new theory of continental porphyry copper deposits have been established, revealing the migration, aggregation and precipitation mechanism of ore-forming materials during continental collision, enriching and developing the theory of mineral deposits. ⑤ The regional metallogenic regularity of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has been preliminarily found out, the evaluation index system of main deposit types has been established systematically, and a complete GIS resource evaluation system has been integrated. The resource potential of copper, lead, zinc and silver in the main collision zone was quantitatively evaluated for the first time, and a number of strategic new areas and prospecting targets were submitted, which made a breakthrough in prospecting and provided theoretical guidance and deployment basis for regional exploration and evaluation.
Investigation and evaluation results of sustainable utilization of groundwater in North China Plain
It is the result of the large-scale investigation of land and resources, and won the first prize of science and technology of the Ministry of Land and Resources in 2009. Winners include Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Hebei Geological Survey Institute and Beijing Geological Survey Institute. Mainly completed by Zhang, Fei Yuhong, Zhao, Miao Jinxiang, Yang Lizhi, Cui Yali, Jin Menggui, Luo Guo Zhong, Liu Lijun and Wang Qiang.
Based on the original hydrogeology method, the Quaternary stratigraphic system of North China Plain is determined by using isotope hydrology, computer simulation and GIS technology, the water cycle model is established, the groundwater resources and their functions are evaluated, and the future water resources situation is predicted. On this basis, the Atlas of Sustainable Utilization of Groundwater in North China Plain and the Investigation and Evaluation of Sustainable Utilization of Groundwater in North China Plain were compiled, and the database system of groundwater resources in North China Plain was established.
According to experts' evaluation, this achievement is an important achievement in the field of groundwater investigation and evaluation, a summary of hydrogeological work experience in North China Plain for 50 years, and provides a scientific basis for the country to comprehensively grasp the sustainable utilization mode of groundwater in North China Plain. This is an outstanding achievement of historical significance, connecting the past with the future.
Distribution map of deep groundwater funnel in North China Plain
Collecting groundwater isotope samples
Communicate with foreign experts on groundwater circulation research.
Field drilling
Geophysical survey and application of information technology in continental scientific drilling
In 2009, the second prize of the Ministry of Land and Resources was awarded by the Institute of Geology of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences and Chang 'an University. The winners are Su, Cheng, Yu Changqing, Sun Aiping, Zhu Guangming, He, Liu Yin and Qian Huihe.
Geophysical subproject of China Continental Scientific Drilling Project and Management Information and Network System subproject of China Continental Scientific Drilling Project are two important subprojects of China Continental Scientific Drilling Project.
The main innovations are as follows: ① Since 1997, the comprehensive geophysical survey on the site selection of Continental Scientific Drilling, the 3D seismic survey and fine data processing in the hole area, the VSP survey of pilot hole and main hole, and the digital three-component seismic profile survey have been carried out for the first time, and the hole location that can best achieve the scientific objectives of Continental Scientific Drilling has been optimized. ② Geophysical investigation of site selection has obtained a lot of geophysical evidence of crust-mantle dynamics, such as deep subduction of continental crust, magma underplating and mantle thinning. Especially, five groups of rare horizontal reflectors were found in 24s deep reflection seismic records in Dabie Sulu area. (3) Geophysical subproject has successfully carried out many innovations in geophysical exploration methods and technologies, and achieved fruitful results in the investigation of three-dimensional and three-component reflection earthquakes and vertical seismic profiles in crystalline rock areas. (4) Based on core lithology, structural catalogue and logging data obtained by Continental Scientific Drilling, an accurate wave velocity model is established, which makes synthetic seismic trace and 3D seismic profile perfectly fit, accurately marks three types of reflectors found by 3D seismic on both sides of the main hole, and establishes the first set of scales to explain seismic reflection of China crust. ⑤ Under the guidance of deep reflection geology, combined with various geophysical surveys, on the basis of finding out the structure of the crust and upper mantle, the best hole location is put forward and confirmed by subsequent drilling. ⑥ Three local area networks have been established between Beijing and Donghai, namely, the Geological Department, the Engineering Department and the Donghai drilling site, and a three-point dedicated telephone line has been established between the two places by using VOIP technology. Data can always be transmitted normally. ⑦ Chinese and English websites of China Continental Scientific Drilling Engineering and websites of key laboratories related to continental dynamics have been established. Make use of advanced network technology, core scanning technology, database technology and Internet websites and publish them on the Internet through the network. All core scanning images are posted to the website of China Continental Scientific Drilling Engineering in real time, which provides good service for domestic and foreign users and the public, and enables the world to know the daily footage, cataloging information and well site news of Kezuan 1 well through the Internet.
3-D seismic, logging and core lithologic structure comparison
Seismic wave velocity stratification and layer velocity, in km/s; (b) reflector number; (c) Lithologic column of core: green eclogite, purple peridotite, pink accessory gneiss and red orthogneiss; Neutron density logging curve; (e) Approximate depth scale in10m; (f) Sound velocity logging curve; (g) Core structure diagram; (h) Acoustic impedance curve of 3D seismic tie line profile
The predicted profile (a) of the main hole of continental scientific drilling and the estimated profile (b) after drilling.
Regional Geological Survey of Dangxiong Sheet1:250,000 in Tibet
The second prize winner of the 2009 Land and Resources Science and Technology Award was the Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences. The main personnel are Meng Xiangang, Hu Daogong, Jiang Wan, Sheng, Zhu Dagang, Liu Qisheng, Yang Xinde, Shao, Wu Zhonghai, Zhao, Wang Jianping, Feng Xiangyang, Ji Zhansheng and Ke Dongang.
The important achievements are as follows: ① The geological map of Dangxiong Sheet1:250,000 was measured, the structural outline map, Quaternary geological map, mineral distribution map and active fault distribution map of Dangxiong Sheet1:250,000 were compiled, and excellent regional geological survey reports and special research reports were submitted, which greatly improved the degree of regional geological investigation and research. (2) The brachiopod was divided into Nuocuo Formation (C 1-2n), Laigu Formation (C2P 1l) and Ululong Formation (P 1w), and a brachiopod fossil group and a new species of bivalve in the late Carboniferous Sakaimer period were found in Laigu Formation. A number of new conodonts were found in Mailonggang Formation, five conodont zones were divided, and new species of conodonts in Gaozhou were identified, which significantly improved the research level of the late Triassic Noerlian conodont biostratigraphy in China. ③ Early Jurassic Sining middle mica granite belt, early Cretaceous Oulang series intrusive rocks, Paleogene parasequence intrusive rocks, Oligocene leucite porphyry and Eocene stone bubble rhyolite were discovered; Miocene giant granite with an area of 65438±0500 km2 was discovered in Nyainqentanglha Mountain. U-Pb isotopic dating of magmatic zircon shows that the age of magmatic emplacement crystallization is18.3 ~11.1ma. ④ Nyainqentanglha Group is decomposed into metamorphic supracrustal rocks and Leng Qing gneiss. Early Precambrian tuna gneiss and late Precambrian Maqiong gneiss are found in the west bank of Namco, and amphibolite facies metamorphic rocks in the late Paleozoic Rumala Group are found, which is of great significance for understanding the crystalline basement of Lhasa block. ⑤ Two thrust nappes, Namco and Pangduo, were identified, and it was found that Namco thrust nappe experienced three stages of structural deformation: 19 1 ~ 144 Ma, 109Ma and 60 ~ 30 Ma. It is found that the Pangduo thrust nappe was formed in the middle and late Paleogene and was confirmed in the Dangxiong-Yangbajing graben. ⑥ Newly-built Late Quaternary lake sedimentary stratigraphic units-Namco Group, Ganmanong Group (Qp3g) and Zhanongtang Group (QH ζ), found high-level lake deposits higher than the lake surface of Namco 130 ~ 140 m, which proved that the development area of northern Tibet Plateau in the late Pleistocene was over 65,438+1. ⑦ Comprehensive division of endogenetic metal metallogenic belt, new discovery of 10 occurrence, systematic investigation and cataloguing of geological relics and geological tourism resources. ⑧ Published 33 papers in Chinese core journals, 8 papers retrieved by SCI, 2 monographs, and trained 5 doctoral students and postdoctoral students 1 person. The results of the project have produced more important academic influence at home and abroad.
U-shaped valley of late Pleistocene glacier in Nyainqentanglha Mountain.
Triassic limestone in the northern part of Linzhou basin overthrusts on the upper Cretaceous red bed from north to south.
Historical earthquake relics in the northern part of Dangxiong basin
Crossing Nyainqentanglha Mountain
Compilation and study of geochemical element abundance atlas in China
The second prize of the 2009 Land and Resources Science and Technology Award was won by the Institute of Geophysics and Geochemical Exploration of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences. The main finishers were Shi Changyi, Chi Qinghua, Yan, Hu, Liu Chongmin, Gu Tiexin, Bu Wei and Yan Weidong.
The outstanding achievements are as follows: ① According to the measured data of 768 combined samples of about 750 representative granite rocks in China, the abundances of nearly 70 chemical elements in granite rocks such as China granite, alkali feldspar granite, syenite granite, monzogranite, granodiorite, quartz monzonite and timely monzonite are calculated. Abundance of nearly 70 chemical elements in granites and granites of different rock types in 7 tectonic units in China, including Tianshan-Xing 'an orogenic belt, Sino-Korean paraplatform, Kunlun-Qilian-Qinling orogenic belt, Yunnan-Tibet orogenic belt, Yangtze paraplatform, South China-Youjiang orogenic belt and Himalayan orogenic belt, Archean, Proterozoic, Early Paleozoic, Late Paleozoic, Mesozoic-Cenozoic granites, alkali granite and syenite. The1:250,000 granite geochemical map of 56 elements and oxides and the1:200,000 rock geochemical map of eastern China of 6 1 oxides were compiled for the first time, which exceeded all the tasks specified in the task book. ② The abundance and geochemical characteristics of nearly 70 chemical elements in granitoids of China and different rock types, the element abundance and regional distribution characteristics of granite belts of various structural units in China, and the abundance and evolution characteristics of granitoids in different geological ages were systematically studied. The average content of petrochemical elements in eastern China and their distribution characteristics in different tectonic units are studied. ③ Published 8 papers and 2 monographs, and trained doctoral students 1 person.
Qinghai field sampling
One of the project achievements
Distribution map of granite samples in China
This achievement adopts all the measured data and is an original achievement with completely independent intellectual property rights. It can not only provide valuable basic data for basic geology, mineral exploration and geochemical research in China, but also be of great value for the study of chemical composition and evolution of the upper crust in China, with important theoretical significance and wide practical application value.
Study on prospecting direction and exploration model of copper polymetallic deposits in the western part of northern Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang
The second prize of 2009 Land and Resources Science and Technology Award was won by Institute of Mineral Resources of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, No.703 Team of Non-ferrous Geological Exploration Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and China Land and Resources Aviation Geophysical Prospecting and Remote Sensing Center. Mainly completed by: Zhang Zuoheng, Zuo, Gan Fuping, Wang Jianli,.
Photograph of the largest Ashi gold mine in the western Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang.
The project adopts the latest theory of modern metallogeny and the latest prospecting technology to study the tectonic evolution, the relationship between magmatism and copper polymetallic deposits, the geological background and temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of copper deposits in the western Tianshan area of Xinjiang, summarize the regional metallogenic laws and prospecting indicators, put forward the regional metallogenic model and prospecting exploration model, and carry out prospecting prediction. The main achievements are as follows: according to the concept of space-time overlap of tectonic units, on the basis of previous work, combined with precise dating, a new scheme for dividing tectonic units is put forward; The stratigraphic system of different periods in this area has been straightened out, the paleotectonic sedimentary environment has been restored, and the metallogenic stages and the stages in the process of tectonic evolution have been divided. Through a large number of igneous rock geochemical analysis, isotopic dating and interpretation of regional remote sensing images, combined with a large number of previous data, the evolution history of the western Tianshan orogenic belt in various stages has been redefined. The typical deposit model and regional metallogenic model of copper-gold polymetallic deposits are established respectively, and the geodynamic background and formation environment of Lamasu, Dabate and Jingbulake deposits are determined on the basis of precise dating. Based on the comprehensive comparison between western Tianshan and eastern Tianshan and Balkhash metallogenic belts, the prospecting direction of copper-gold polymetallic deposits in western Tianshan is put forward. According to the geochemical exploration and remote sensing prospecting indicators of alteration anomalies in the copper-gold mining area in the study area, a copper-gold prospecting model is established and a series of target areas are put forward.
Distribution map of main metal minerals in the western section of northern Tianshan Mountain in Xinjiang
Mineral Resources and Industrialization in China —— Resource Security and Sustainable Development
The second prize winners of the 2009 Land and Resources Science and Technology Award were Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Institute of Mineral Resources of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences and Institute of Geomechanics of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences. Main personnel: Wang, Wang, Shen, Han, Zhou, Han Mei, Cao, Li Ruiping, Geng Nuo and Zhang Jianhua.
On the basis of revealing many related laws between resources and economic development, this achievement systematically analyzes the global and China resource supply and demand trends and resource security issues from four aspects: mineral resource security, resource industry, resource environment and resource economy, and puts forward systematic countermeasures to ensure national resource security and sustainable development. ① By revealing the approximate linear relationship between per capita energy consumption and per capita GDP, and the S-shaped relationship between per capita mineral resources consumption and per capita GDP in the process of industrialization, a comprehensive forecasting model is established to systematically predict the supply and demand situation of resources in China and the world in the next 20-30 years, and deeply analyze the global supply and demand pattern of resources and the resource security problems faced by China. Secondly, the theory of China's mineral resources security is systematically discussed, the evaluation model of China's mineral resources security and the early warning system of supply security are established for the first time, and the resource security situation is quantitatively evaluated. From the height of the national development model, six key points of resource strategic security and seven key points of market security policy are put forward. ③ The global iron ore supply and demand pattern and the industrialization process in China are deeply analyzed, and it is pointed out that the global iron ore supply and demand pattern will turn in 2008, which will effectively affect the iron and steel industry policy and iron ore price negotiation. Based on the revealed demand peak (inflection point) theory and the development trend of China raw material industry, the direction and urgency of industrial structure adjustment are clearly pointed out. ④ Closely combine resources and environment, scientifically analyze the correlation of resources-economy-environmental pollution, predict the trend of environmental pollution, and point out the difficulty of achieving the goal of energy saving and emission reduction in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan.
The project team collected samples in Laos.
Supply Pattern of Iron Ore in China at Different Prices
Research and Revision of "Management Standard for Testing Quality of Geology and Mineral Resources Laboratory"
The second prize winners of the 2009 Land and Resources Science and Technology Award include National Geological Experimental Testing Center, Wuhan Comprehensive Rock and Mineral Testing Center, Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Nanjing Mineral Resources Supervision and Testing Center of Ministry of Land and Resources, Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Chengdu Comprehensive Rock and Mineral Testing Center of Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development, and Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology. Winners include Wang Suming, Ye Jiayu, Wang Zuyin, Zhou Jinsheng, Zhang Qin, Luo Huifen, Tian Laisheng, Xiong Jiyun, Wang Yaping and Xia Ning.
This achievement is aimed at the defects and deficiencies gradually exposed during the implementation of DZ0 130-94 "Quality Management Standard for Laboratory Testing of Geology and Mineral Resources", referring to relevant ISO international standards and actual testing requirements, and according to the standard structure and writing rules of GB/T 1-2000 "Guidelines for Standardization Work". Three sub-standards of multi-target geochemical survey samples (1:250000), isotopic geological samples and geotechnical tests have been added, which have been widely used in more than 700 laboratories in the geological and mineral industry.
This achievement has obvious innovative characteristics. For the first time in China, based on the testing process, all factors affecting the quality of testing results were controlled, which standardized and improved the technical ability and management level of the laboratory. Four mathematical models were established and applied to DZ/T0 130-2006 "Quality Management Standard for Testing in Geological and Mineral Laboratories", in which the mathematical model of relative deviation tolerance for repeated testing of rock minerals solved the problems of loose tolerance in high-content section and strict tolerance in low-content section in rock and mineral analysis. The mathematical model of relative deviation allowable limit of repeated test for precious metals and water analysis solves the problem of poor rationality of allowable limit for rock and mineral analysis. The mathematical model of relative error tolerance of rock and mineral analysis accuracy solves the conceptual confusion of accuracy tolerance of rock and mineral application. For the first time in the geological and mineral industry, the internationally accepted measurement uncertainty evaluation method is adopted to evaluate the data quality of different people, different methods and different instruments and equipment in rock and mineral analysis, and to evaluate the quality of sample treatment. The secondary uncertainty of standard materials is regarded as the allowable limit of water sample analysis accuracy. The results of the project reflect the progress of analytical technology, which is systematic, operable, applicable and scientific.
Bitmap of verification point of mathematical model for allowable limit of relative deviation of repeated test of rock and ore
In the figure, the abscissa is the logarithmic coordinate of concentration, and the ordinate is the allowable limit.
Comparison diagram of mathematical model of allowable limit of relative deviation in repeated test of rock and ore
In the figure, the abscissa is logarithmic coordinates of concentration, the ordinate is allowable limit, the blue line is a three-point fitting mathematical model, the green line is a two-point fitting mathematical model, and the red line is a new fitting mathematical model.
Cover of DZ/T0 130-2006 Testing Quality Management Standard for Geology and Mineral Resources Laboratory
Publicity, implementation and training