Engineering project management software
2. 1 concept definition
Project management software (hereinafter referred to as project management software) refers to an application software that takes the construction link of the project as the core and the time schedule control as the starting point, and uses network planning technology to comprehensively manage the progress, expenses and resources in the construction process. It includes five main functional modules: schedule management, resource management, expense management, report generation and output, and auxiliary functions (mainly referring to interface with other software, secondary development, data confidentiality, etc.). ). This concept comes from the analysis and generalization of foreign similar products, such as P3(Primavera Project Planning), Microsoft Project, Harvard Total Project Management and Harvard Project Manager. Generalized project management software includes all kinds of application software related to project management, which can involve various aspects such as schedule, cost, resources, quality, risk, organization, etc. It is the general name of project management related software.
2.2 development overview
The research and development of domestic project management software began in the 1970s, and has undergone two major changes so far (see figure 1).
In the early 1990s, the symbol was the first time that the main body of R&D changed from users themselves to specialized software enterprises. In 1970s and 1980s, primary products with single function were developed for various user units, that is, they put forward their own requirements, developed their own products and used them themselves. It is a small-scale production mode, which has developed slowly in the past twenty years. In the early 1990s, the market economy gave birth to dozens of high-tech private enterprises specializing in building management software development, and the software began to develop rapidly in socialization, specialization and commercialization.
In 1990s, domestic building management software developed rapidly. A large number of new products such as engineering cost, engineering quantity calculation, steel bar batching, floor plan making and tender making software have emerged. The price is gradually reduced, the functions are constantly improved, the interface is friendly, the operation is convenient, and the universality and practicability are enhanced.
The second time, at the end of 1990s, the symbol was that the product changed from stand-alone version to system integration. For example, the design of project construction scheme, budget estimate, engineering quantity calculation, schedule plan, resource plan, cost management and transactional management are integrated to form an organic whole. The running environment has expanded from single user to multi-user network, which has realized the data sharing within the enterprise to some extent.
Since 2000, the research and development of project management software has been sluggish. There are many reasons, including market factors and technical factors, as well as the influence of external environment and the restriction of own conditions, such as the influence of joining WTO, the change of user demand, the progress of network technology, database technology and communication technology. Where is the development direction of project management software? What is the inevitable trend? How to deal with it? These problems are in front of many people in the industry.
3 the status of domestic project management software
3. 1 external environment analysis
3. 1. 1 opportunity
(1) Positive policy environment. In July 2000, the State Council issued "Several Policies to Encourage the Development of Software Industry and Integrated Circuit Industry", giving preferential policies in investment and financing, taxation, industrial technology, export, income distribution, talent attraction and training, and intellectual property protection. The Ministry of Construction is taking the lead in formulating general standards such as "General Standards for Management Information System Software of Construction Enterprises" and "General Standards for Building Information Platform Data" to standardize the information market behavior in the construction field. Local construction committees, quota stations and high-tech development zones in various provinces and cities have actively implemented the policies of the party and the state and formulated a series of preferential measures to support the development of local software enterprises.
(2) Huge market demand. As industry-specific software, the development of project management software is closely related to the rise and fall of the construction industry itself. According to statistics, there are more than 65,438+10,000 construction enterprises and hundreds of thousands of project management departments in China. In addition, engineering supervision, auditing, China Construction Bank, Party A and other units are also users of management software. The long-term demand for software should be 1 10,000 sets, but now the total sales volume of software is less than 20,000 sets. After China's entry into WTO, influenced by various factors, China's economy will show a trend of rapid growth, and the scale of domestic overall construction investment will expand, which will create good development opportunities for the construction industry and will certainly stimulate the growth of industry software market demand.
(3) The wide application of information technology in the construction industry. After 1990s, the application of information technology in China's construction industry has made great progress, which provided the necessary conditions for the popularization of project management software. Mainly in: 1. Website construction from scratch has formed three levels: government website, industry website and enterprise website. 2. Widely used computing software and tool software. 3. The application of automatic control technology characterized by information technology in construction has achieved good results.
3. 1.2 Challenge
(1) The basic work of project management is weak. The application of software must have certain conditions. At present, the main problems affecting the application and development of software in project management in China are: 1. Management work is not standardized. For example, the division of various reports, information, data and various expense items, and the standardization of various languages is not high. 2. The randomness, nonprogramming and interference in the work process make it difficult to use advanced planning methods, control methods and procedures and show their effects. 3. The overall management level is low, and managers at all levels cannot master modern management means and methods. The weak management foundation not only limits the demand of software application, but also further widens the gap between domestic project management and international level.
(2) The challenge of foreign competitors. At present, there are MS-Project and P3 foreign softwares entering the construction market in China. These softwares are powerful, professional, well-known and flexible in marketing methods. For example, P3 software enjoys a high reputation in the world, and has gradually become the standard software in the engineering project management industry. The World Bank also recommends P3 software for large-scale projects. After China's entry into WTO, foreign software enterprises will enjoy national treatment, export subsidy policy and government procurement will be restricted, and China will not only open its product market, but also its service market accordingly, so the software market will be completely open and the competition in the domestic software market will become increasingly fierce. In addition, after China's accession to the WTO, foreign-funded construction projects will increase and the construction market will be gradually liberalized. The influx of foreign engineering design, contracting and consulting companies will increase the market share of MS-Project and P3.
Domestic software generally meets the needs and habits of domestic users in function setting and operation mechanism, such as double code network diagram and front-line function. However, there is still a big gap in user interface, report generation and output, data exchange and secondary development, and these softwares can not be used in international engineering projects at present.
3.2 Analysis of internal conditions
3.2. 1 Advantages
(1) technology is mature. After nearly 30 years of development, domestic project management software has developed products suitable for both companies and projects, and the technical level of some software has reached a new height, which has impressed foreign counterparts and laid a technical foundation for developing information products suitable for national conditions. For example, Pert, the intelligent management system of Beijing Menglong Company, and TZ-Project, the project planning management system of Dalian Tongzhou Company.
(2) High market share. According to preliminary estimates, the market share of domestic software exceeds two-thirds. In addition, after purchasing the software, users need to undergo training and study before they can master the application. Once skillfully used, they tend to continue to buy follow-up products instead of turning to similar products from other companies. This consumption characteristic is beneficial to the software enterprises that take the lead in occupying the market. For many reasons, domestic software enterprises have taken the lead in occupying the market and established the trust of sales channels and users.
(3) service localization. In the final analysis, the value of software is reflected in the service to traditional industries, and the core of software industry competition is service competition. After more than ten years of market development, domestic software enterprises have established a relatively perfect service system among hundreds of thousands of users all over the country, which has penetrated into roads, ports, buildings, municipal administration, railways, water conservancy, electric power and other fields. And can quickly respond to users' requirements and provide comprehensive consulting, training and maintenance services, which foreign companies can't do in a short time.
(4) Talent advantage. The average salary of domestic software developers is lower than the international level, which is 1/30~ 1/20 in the United States, which can greatly reduce the cost of software research and development. In addition, the operation of the domestic construction market is not standardized, and users' needs vary greatly. Domestic R&D personnel are familiar with the market and easy to communicate with users, so the products developed are more in line with "China's national conditions".
disadvantage?
(1) brand and quality. There are many domestic project management softwares, but none of them are as famous as P3. Dozens of software research and development units "each occupy a mountain", and the domestic market presents a small, scattered and fragmented pattern. In the process of R&D, there is a general lack of strict testing links, frequent software changes and version upgrades, which leads to increased costs, difficult maintenance and a lot of unnecessary troubles for users. Moreover, due to the lack of effective software development management system, the change of a key designer will often seriously affect the whole production process of software products. In the functional module, domestic software focuses on schedule management, and lags far behind foreign software in resource management and cost management. In addition, domestic software can not realize the interconnection of heterogeneous databases under the network environment, and there is no interface for users to open up secondary development.
(2) Small scale and insufficient development funds. At present, the main sources of funds for domestic software enterprises are independent investment, venture capital and government investment. Most enterprises lack normal financing means and only rely on the accumulation and development of operating profits. Enterprises are small in scale, lacking "heavyweight" enterprises, and have limited research, design, development and market development capabilities. According to statistics, enterprises with less than 50 employees account for about 40%, enterprises with 50 ~ 100 employees account for about 50%, only two enterprises with 100 ~ 200 employees, and none with more than 200 employees.
For more information about project/service/procurement bidding, and to improve the winning rate, please click on the bottom of official website Customer Service for free consultation:/#/? source=bdzd