With the deepening of the reform of China's construction industry and capital construction management system, the production mode and organizational structure of water conservancy and hydropower construction industry have also undergone profound changes. Construction enterprises began to learn from Lubuge's project management experience and gradually promoted project construction. Especially since the national implementation of the project manager qualification certification system, the production and operation management system with project management as the core of construction enterprises has basically taken shape. In 2002, the Ministry of Construction promulgated and implemented the national standard "Code for Management of Construction Projects", which will have a far-reaching impact on the standardized project management of construction enterprises.
1, the characteristics of water conservancy and hydropower project construction project management determine the characteristics of project management.
1) Water conservancy and hydropower projects are often carried out on rivers, which are greatly influenced by natural conditions such as topography, geology, hydrology and meteorology. Construction diversion, cofferdam filling and foundation pit drainage are the control factors of construction progress.
2) Water conservancy and hydropower projects are mostly located in remote valley areas with inconvenient transportation, far from the rear bases, and the procurement and transportation of building materials and the import and export costs of machinery and equipment are high, and the prices fluctuate greatly.
3) Water conservancy and hydropower projects have large quantities, many technical jobs, high construction intensity and serious environmental interference, so it is necessary to compare and demonstrate repeatedly, optimize the construction scheme and ensure the construction quality.
4) During the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects, there are many jobs such as rock blasting, tunnel excavation, water, underwater and aerial work, so we must attach great importance to construction safety. It can be seen that the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects puts forward higher requirements for project management. Enterprises must cultivate and select high-quality project managers, set up a project department with strong technical and management strength, optimize the construction scheme and strictly control the cost, so as to successfully complete the project construction task and achieve the goal of project management.
2. Project management practice
Changzhi Water Conservancy Construction Engineering Department, founded in the late 1970s, is the only professional construction team of water conservancy and hydropower construction engineering in Changzhi and Jincheng. At the beginning of its establishment, due to poor internal management, it once suffered losses. In the mid-1980s, enterprises implemented reform measures such as "single project economic contract" and "all-staff mortgage contract", and their production and operation gained vitality. In the process of team contracting and individual accounting, there is a phenomenon of one-sided pursuit of progress and profit, ignoring project quality and social benefits. Since 1990s, the Ministry of Construction has carried out project-based construction nationwide. 1995 employees shall return to their original units to compete for posts within the time limit stipulated by the unit, and those who re-engage in posts shall be guaranteed the same welfare as continuous employees. To establish the assessment system and talent evaluation system, it is necessary to quantify the assessment standards and make the assessment work gradually standardized, institutionalized and scientific. The assessment results should be used as the main basis for the promotion, appointment, reward and punishment, dismissal and salary of professional and technical personnel. At the same time, it is necessary to reform and improve the current talent evaluation system and explore the establishment of scientific and socialized talent evaluation methods.
In 2003, the Ministry of Construction and the Ministry of Water Resources respectively promulgated the Measures for the Management of the Qualification of Project Managers in Construction Enterprises and the Regulations on the Management of Water Conservancy Projects, clearly pointing out that project management is a scientific management method for construction enterprises to enter the market, deepen internal reform, change management mechanism and improve management level. Changzhi Water Conservancy Construction Engineering Bureau seized the opportunity to promote project management in time, first established the project manager responsibility system, and solved the relationship between project manager and enterprise legal person, project layer and enterprise layer. Secondly, do a good job in project cost accounting system, and put the focus of enterprise management and economic accounting on engineering projects. Through bold reform, the administrative subordination relationship between management and operation was removed, and the separation of accounting ensured the separation of organizational system, business and economy. In addition, establish and improve the internal market mechanism of enterprises, and establish an internal market for technology, capital, materials, labor services and mechanical equipment leasing. With the improvement of the internal market, the dynamic optimal allocation of project production factors is ensured, and the project department is prevented from becoming a fixed organizational structure. In order to effectively improve the efficiency of project management, Changzhi Water Conservancy Construction Engineering Office has implemented relatively standardized and operable management methods for construction projects.
The specific approach is:
1) After the construction project is determined, the project manager shall be selected by the director, and the project construction target responsibility letter shall be signed.
2) The project manager shall set up a project department to be responsible for the production and operation, construction progress, quality and safety and cost accounting of the project.
3) The Project Department must strictly implement the National Regulations on Quality Management of Construction Projects, the Regulations on Quality Management of Water Conservancy Projects of the Ministry of Water Resources and the documents of our engineering quality and safety assurance system.
4) The construction cost of the project department must be controlled within a certain proportion of the total project cost (generally 80% of the contract price), and the cost shall be calculated backwards. Cost overruns are strictly prohibited.
5) Under the same quality, price and cost conditions, the project department should give priority to the use of building materials and mechanical equipment provided by the unit.
6) The project department must first ensure that the employees' jobs are fixed and their salaries are paid according to the standards set by the reference room. The outsourcing team is employed in the form of non-material contracting, and the project manager signs a labor contract with the contracting team and submits it to the director for approval.
7) After the project department completes the project quality and safety, construction period and economic indicators, the unit will reward 40% of the cost savings to the project manager and project department management personnel; If the project department fails to complete the project quality and safety indicators, the unit will be punished according to the project quality and safety responsibility system of the engineering department. If the project department fails to complete the construction period, the unit will deduct the salary of the project manager and management personnel 1 to 3 months. Changzhi Water Conservancy Construction Engineering Office deepened the reform of internal management system and implemented institutionalized and standardized project management methods, which gave full play to the advantages of construction project management and enhanced the vitality of enterprises. Since 1997, the expansion project of Houwan Reservoir Irrigation District in Changzhi City, and key projects such as Baojiahe Reservoir, Yancun Reservoir and Renzhuang Reservoir Hub in Jincheng City have been completed one after another. In 2002, it won the bid for the reinforcement project of two reservoirs in Changzhi City. Through the implementation of standardized project management, the enterprise has continuously explored the construction market, accumulated rich construction experience, trained a group of knowledgeable, good management and skilled project managers and engineers, formed the business philosophy of putting science and technology first and efficient management, and embarked on a road of development for modern water conservancy construction enterprises with high staff quality, excellent equipment and high management level.
3. Standardization
On the one hand, medium-sized water conservancy and hydropower construction enterprises have to bear the pressure of large-scale construction enterprises to expand the market after joining WTO; On the other hand, it faces the competition, challenges and opportunities brought by the sudden emergence of rural collective labor subcontracting teams. Medium-sized water conservancy and hydropower construction enterprises must carry out standardized project management operation through management innovation and technological innovation, and constantly improve the management level of construction projects.
3. 1 According to the characteristics of water conservancy projects, establish a scientific and reasonable organizational structure model for construction project management.
For reservoir hub reinforcement, hydropower station and other projects, a project often includes diversion, cofferdam, earthwork excavation, dam filling and rolling, grouting, reinforced concrete lock chamber, deep foundation workshop and other types of hydraulic structures. The technology is complex, the working procedures are overlapping and the construction period is tight. Therefore, matrix project organization must be adopted to give full play to the technical advantages of the construction team of water conservancy and hydropower specialty. Used in channel engineering, pipeline installation, etc. Adopt the linear functional project organization form, organize a lean small team and manage the project quickly and flexibly. With the continuous expansion of the market scope of medium-sized construction enterprises, especially cross-regional, cross-industry and joint venture contracting projects with large enterprises, the cause is thirsty for the south. Begging for water? Noon? Seeds?
3.2 Strengthen the process control of construction projects, establish and improve the project evaluation system, and promote the standardization of project management.
Water conservancy and hydropower construction projects have large quantities, great impact on the natural environment, large national investment and long construction period. The quality of the project is directly related to the normal development of national flood control safety and investment benefits. The process control of construction project is very important. Enterprises should formulate the management responsibility book of project management objectives, rely on functional departments, send quality, safety and financial representatives to conduct on-site supervision and inspection, so as to keep the responsibility objectives of project management under control. Resolutely put an end to simply paying management fees and implement simple economic contracting. After the completion of the construction project, the management of the enterprise shall organize the evaluation committee to evaluate and evaluate the project management, with special emphasis on the division of the construction stages by year or project location, and timely evaluate and evaluate the project management. The state investment in medium-sized water conservancy and hydropower projects is often hundreds of millions of yuan, and only the final accounts evaluation will increase the risk of project management. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a scientific and reasonable project management assessment system, take assessment as a new starting point of project management, establish the concept of continuous improvement and promote the standardization of project management.
3.2 Reform
In the current professional title system, the policy of separate evaluation and employment and independent employment is fully implemented.
That is to say, under the macro-control of the state, through the comprehensive separation of evaluation and employment, the independent appointment system for technical posts that adapts to the operating mechanism of the socialist market economy will be gradually implemented, and the right to declare professional titles will be truly given to individuals, the right to evaluate will be given to the society, and the right to appoint will be returned to the unit.
3.3 Pay special attention to continuing education and staff training, and strengthen the awareness of quality and safety, cost, contract and progress nodes.
Construction enterprises should be people-oriented, and pay close attention to all-staff training and continuing education from general manager to project manager to laborers. Conduct business training in a hierarchical, focused and targeted manner, and constantly improve the awareness of all staff on quality and safety, cost, contract and progress nodes. This is a long-term basic work. Both the enterprise and the project department should become learning teams, and integrate the management of learning technology into the business philosophy of the enterprise, laying the foundation for the standardization of project management, the quality of project construction and the brand building of the enterprise.
3.4 enliven the distribution system
Scientific research institutions implement the distribution system of fixed salary for posts, fixed salary for tasks and fixed salary for performance, decide their own internal distribution, and concentrate limited funds on scientific and technological innovation talents to achieve optimal allocation.
For business institutions engaged in high-tech research, development, application and integration of science, industry and trade, we should actively explore ways and means to participate in distribution according to production factors such as knowledge and technology. Scientific research institutions, institutions of higher learning and their scientific and technical personnel can adopt various ways to transform high-tech achievements and establish high-tech enterprises. Encourage domestic and foreign units or individuals to use intellectual property rights such as scientific research achievements, patents and proprietary technologies as investment capital to set up scientific and technological enterprises and obtain legal income. Scientific research institutions and institutions of higher learning shall, in accordance with the law, reward the personnel who have completed their scientific and technological achievements in the research and development of scientific and technological achievements and other personnel who have made important contributions to the transformation of the achievements. If the job achievements completed by a multi-person research group are only partially transformed, the unit shall protect the interests of others by means of rewards or appropriate compensation when signing an agreement on the transformation of achievements with it. Set up "employee innovation shares" in joint-stock enterprises, including entrepreneurial shares, technological innovation shares, skill innovation shares, management innovation shares, market innovation shares and so on. And take the size and benefit of innovation achievements as the only measure to reward employees who have made tangible achievements in technological innovation.
4 conclusion
The construction characteristics of water conservancy and hydropower projects determine the characteristics of project management. Matrix project organization is an effective construction project management mode for reservoir reinforcement project at present. Strengthening process control, emphasizing continuous improvement and timely project assessment and evaluation are the key points for medium-sized water conservancy and hydropower construction enterprises to carry out standardized project management and operation.
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