1 propagation of Chinese rose
Rose is propagated by cutting, horizontal layering, high altitude layering, rameting, grafting and tissue culture. Cutting and grafting propagation methods are widely used.
Cutting: Cutting propagation is generally carried out in spring or early summer when the air temperature is 15-25℃, or in autumn 8- 1 month. Spring sowing begins in the middle and late April and ends at the end of May. Roots will grow in about 25 days, and autumn sowing will begin at the end of August, ending at 10. Roots grow slower than spring seeds. 7- 15 cm cuttings are grown from healthy plants without pests and diseases, and the top two leaves are reserved for each cutting, and the rest are removed. Collecting, cutting, watering and shading. The depth of cuttings is two fifths of the total length of cuttings in early spring, late autumn and winter. In summer and early autumn, insert one third. Shading after cutting, the plant can be transplanted after one month's survival.
Grafting: generally, Rosa davurica is used as the rootstock, and grafting can adopt T-bud grafting, single bud cutting, abdominal cutting, split grafting, butt joint, big bud grafting, tongue grafting or combination grafting.
2. Planting time
Transplanting is generally carried out in the dormant period of autumn and winter and early spring rose.
3. Planting method
Selection of pots: earthen pots are most suitable for planting Chinese roses, while porcelain pots can't directly plant Chinese roses, so they can only be used as a set of pots. Generally, the diameter of annual plants is 15-20 cm, and that of biennial plants is 20-25 cm. For triennial plants, it is necessary to choose a big pot of more than 30 cm.
Potting: Try to put the plants into a pot filled with soil and fill in the prepared culture soil, then move the plants into the pot, trim the roots and fill the soil, and keep shaking the flowerpot to make the soil closely connected with the roots until the soil is slightly higher than the rhizomes. The grafting interface of grafted seedlings should be exposed to the soil surface for 2-3 cm. Keep the flowerpot in the shade for 10- 15 days, and then move it to the planned location.
Step 4 change the pot
Roses grow and develop rapidly. Potted roses will affect the growth of roots if they are cultivated for too long, so change pots. With the growth of plants, Chinese roses need to be changed from small pots to large pots. Potted roses must be changed once a year, and plants over three years old only change pots every year. Generally, the time for changing pots is before the buds of Chinese rose flowers, and it is not appropriate to change pots at the flowering and flowering stages.
When changing pots, one hand holds the center of the pot, the other hand holds the plants with two fingers to turn the pot over, and then the other hand slaps the pot from bottom to top, so that the soil mass leaves the pot wall and comes out on its own. If the pot is big, you can pour it sideways on the ground, tap the edge of the pot or roll it. When the soil is loose, hold the soil with your hands and hold the plants with your two fingers.
Step 4 manage
Watering: We should master the principle of "wet and dry", that is, water the soil when it is dry, then water it when it is dry, not water it. Whether it is a big basin or a small basin, water it once a day. Don't water them in the hot sun. Pay attention to not watering in rainy days, but watering after rain to prevent water accumulation in flower pots. In order to keep the soil in the basin loose and breathable, loosen the soil every 10- 15 days.
Fertilization: Fertilize once every 10- 15 days, not too thick, and master the principle of thin application and diligent application. At full flowering stage, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 0.05% boric acid solution can be used as root topdressing. The fertilization principle of potted flowers is: apply fertilizer in spring and summer, and apply less or no fertilizer in autumn and winter. Send more flowers, less flowers or no flowers. Apply more fertilizer to healthy plants, and less or no fertilizer to sick plants. Apply more in bud stage and less or no in flowering stage. Apply it when changing pots of soil, but don't apply it to new plants.
Roses are sensitive to temperature. After overwintering, it should be stored in a low temperature environment below 10℃ for more than 40 days to spend the dormant period, then grow at 12- 16℃, and finally bloom normally at 16-25℃. If the daytime temperature can be maintained at 25℃ in winter, the nighttime temperature can be maintained at 15℃, and the daily illumination is not less than 5 hours, then the flowers in winter can continue to bloom.
prune
Leave 10-20cm at the base of the flower branch before and after flowering, and cut off the rest. Timely and reasonable pruning can make plants compact, flowers concentrated and flowers large and bright. In the process of plant growth, it is necessary to sparse buds, sparse buds, and remove endogenous buds and over-dense buds. Make the branches grow and distribute reasonably without affecting ventilation and light transmission. When buds appear in plants, only one flower is selected at the branch end of the big-flowered rose, and the rest are removed, so that the nutrients are concentrated and the flowers are full. Roses with many flowers can shed leaves properly to make them bloom evenly.