Bethune was born in Gravenhurst, a small town in northern Canada.

19 16 graduated from the medical school of the university of Toronto with a doctorate.

1922 was admitted as a member of the Royal Society of Surgeons.

1923, Bethune passed a very strict examination and became a clinical graduate student at the Royal College of Surgeons.

1926 In the summer, Bethune was unfortunately infected with tuberculosis.

At the beginning of 1928, Bethune returned to Montreal, Canada, and became the first assistant of Dr. edward archibald, the pioneer of Canadian thoracic surgery in Royal Victoria Hospital. During this period, he invented and improved 12 kinds of medical surgical instruments and published 14 influential academic papers.

1933, employed as the health department consultant of Canadian federal and local governments.

1935 was elected as a member and director of the American thoracic surgery society.

1935165438+10 joined the Canadian * * * production party.

/kloc-in the winter of 0/936, he volunteered to go to Spain to participate in the anti-fascist struggle.

1937 12 went to new york to register with the International Committee for Aid to China, volunteered to set up a medical team, and cooperated with the guerrillas in northern China.

1938 65438+1On October 2nd, he took enough medicine and equipment, equipped with several medical teams, and took an ocean liner from Vancouver to Hong Kong.

1938 On March 3 1 day, he led a medical team composed of Canadians and Americans to Yan 'an, China, and Mao Zedong cordially received Bethune and his party.

1In August, 938, he served as the health consultant of the Eighth Route Army Jinchaji Military Region.

From June1938165438+10 to February 1939, he led a medical team to the front lines of Yanbei and Jizhong in Shanxi for battlefield treatment. In 4 months, the journey was 750 kilometers, more than 300 operations were performed, and 13 operating room and bandaging station were established to treat a large number of wounded people.

At the beginning of July, 1939 returned to Xishan, Hebei Province to participate in the organization and leadership of the health organs in the military region. Establish health schools and train a large number of medical cadres; Various battlefield medical textbooks have been compiled.

1939 10 10 In late October, when rescuing the wounded in the battle in Motianling, Laiyuan County, the middle finger of the left hand was cut and infected by a scalpel.

1939165438+1October 12 in the early morning, Huangshikou Village, Tang County, Hebei Province, died of bacterial infection during the operation.

Nurse: Nightingale.

Florence nightingale1May 820 12, Nightingale was born in Florence, Italy, when her parents were traveling in Europe. Her parents named her after the city.

Florence nightingale was born into a noble and wealthy family. Her father William Edward was a knowledgeable and well-educated man and a statistician. Mother Fanny Smith was also born in an aristocratic family in England. She is not only well-off, but also has a good generation and is famous in her hometown. Nightingale's father graduated from Cambridge University. He is familiar with mathematics, English, French, German and Italian. Besides classical literature, he is also good at natural science, history and philosophy, and is good at music and painting. Nightingale was educated at home since she was a child. Her mother is very dissatisfied with her because she has no plans to get married. She wavered between being a housewife, a writer and a nurse, and chose to be a nurse despite her parents' opposition.

From 65438 to 1950s, Britain, France, Turkey and Russia fought the Crimean War, and the battlefield mortality rate of British soldiers was as high as 42%. Nightingale volunteered to be a field nurse. She led 38 nurses to the front line and served in a field hospital. She tried her best to eliminate all kinds of difficulties, solve the necessary daily necessities and food for the wounded, and give them serious care. Only half a year or so, the death rate of the wounded and sick dropped to 2%. Every night, she patrols with lanterns, and the sick and wounded affectionately call her "Miss Lantern". After the war, Florence Nightingale returned to England and was hailed as a national hero.

From 65438 to 0860, in florence nightingale, a well-off family, Nightingale founded the first formal nursing school in the world with more than 4000 pounds awarded by the government. Later, she founded a training class for midwives and hospital nurses with poor economic conditions, and was praised as the founder of modern nursing education. 190 1 year, florence nightingale became blind due to overwork. 1907, the king of England issued an order to award Florence Nightingale the Medal of Merit, becoming the first woman in British history to accept this highest honor. Later, he also initiated the organization of the International Red Cross. She never married. 1March 908 16 Nightingale was awarded the London City Freedom Award. 19 10 In August, Nightingale died suddenly in her sleep at the age of 90.

Throughout her life, throughout the Victorian era, she made superhuman contributions to the creation of nursing career. She devoted all her life to the reform and development of nursing and achieved brilliant achievements that attracted worldwide attention. All these make her an outstanding and great woman admired and praised by the world in the19th century.

After nightingale died, according to her will, there was no state funeral. Later generations praised her as "the angel of the wounded" and "the lady (God) carrying lanterns". Angels in white, Lesson 3, Unit 6 in the textbook of Beijing Normal University 12 and Lantern Goddess, Lesson 4 in the textbook of Chongqing Xishi Normal University 12 tell her story.

In the history of China and foreign countries, there are not many figures, especially female figures, who can overcome all difficulties and establish special achievements with persistent beliefs. Florence nightingale, the originator of modern nursing and the founder of modern nursing specialty, is the most representative great woman.

In order to commemorate her achievements, in 19 12, the International Association of Nurses (ICN) proposed that hospitals and nursing schools all over the world hold commemorative activities on Nightingale's birthday on May 12 every year, and designated May 12 as the International Nurses' Day to remember and commemorate this great woman.

Details can be found on Baidu Encyclopedia.