First, the necessity of strengthening the cost management and control of water conservancy projects.
Under the condition of socialist market economy, the water conservancy project has implemented the project legal person responsibility system, bidding system and contract management system, which effectively ensured the smooth progress of the project construction. However, project cost management and control is the basis of the implementation of the above system, which runs through all stages of project construction. Such as project investment estimation, cost estimation, budget cost, contract price, final settlement price, etc. , is the concrete embodiment of project cost management and control in all stages of project construction. The implementation of the Code for Valuation with Bill of Quantities of Construction Projects provides a scientific basis for the valuation of water conservancy projects, embodies the price mechanism based on the formation cost of the market, reduces the project cost while giving full play to the competition mechanism, standardizes the price line, and lays a foundation for the government to scientifically control the investment in water conservancy projects.
Second, the related problems existing in the cost management of water conservancy projects
1, the budget quota is difficult to adapt to the changes in the market environment.
The current budget quota and charging standard of water conservancy projects in China are formulated by relevant government departments, which reflects the development level of social productive forces in a certain period. The whole quota system takes a long time from calculation to distribution and implementation, and the update cycle is longer. In this process, the construction means and methods are more and more advanced, and the market situation is constantly changing. There are many problems in the current quota method: it is impossible to contact a single project; The unit price of labor service cannot be determined by post and grade; Materials cannot be calculated according to actual consumption, loss and management level; Equipment input and consumption can not be determined according to the combination of mechanical hourly productivity and actual working conditions; The construction management fee cannot be calculated according to the construction rules and floor plan; Cost plus cannot be analyzed and calculated in combination with the specific risks, profits and unforeseeable factors of the project; Can not accurately reflect the actual cost of local water conservancy projects.
2. Problems in the construction stage
At present, China's water conservancy project construction adopts the project construction supervision system, but the management level and ability of most supervision engineers are generally poor, which has a certain gap compared with some western developed countries. Some supervision engineers lack a strong sense of responsibility and know little about the project cost. They only manage the construction quality and progress, often ignoring the cost management. The project manager can't comprehensively analyze the construction quality, construction progress and investment when carrying out management work, and the corresponding professional level is low. At the same time, the construction team lacks corresponding professional skills, which will inevitably lead to some improper investment and deviation from the budget.
3. Lack of whole process and dynamic project cost management.
Under the current economic system and market environment in China, the regulatory role of the market has an increasing impact on the cost management of water conservancy projects. The functions of domestic water conservancy project cost management departments should change in time with the development of the situation, that is, from static management to dynamic management, from micro-control to macro-control, and truly implement the project management principle of "unified leadership, division of labor and cooperation, centralized management and individual responsibility", so that the whole process of water conservancy project cost management can be truly controlled dynamically. However, at present, there is no dynamic cost management in the whole process of water conservancy project construction in China, so it is difficult to find a department that can really be responsible for the determination and control of the whole process of the project, and the determination and control of the cost of each stage and link of the project construction are out of line. Both government announcements and market information generally lag behind the application period, such as the release of new materials and price information.
Three, improve the quality of water conservancy project cost budget review method analysis
1, comprehensive review method
The basis for the budget review of water conservancy project cost is the construction drawing of the project. For the projects determined in the drawings under review, the quantities, quota unit price and cost calculation must be comprehensively reviewed in combination with the current quota, contract and related cost calculation regulations and documents. Comprehensive evaluation method is more suitable for engineering budget personnel who have just joined the work. It is easier for them to reveal the problems and deficiencies in the draft budget through the construction drawings, and then put forward their own views and suggestions.
2. Key audit methods
The key audit method is to seize the key points in the project budget to audit. Mainly aimed at the engineering quantity of sub-projects with large engineering quantity and high cost as the audit focus. Secondly, focus on verifying the quota unit price corresponding to the above quantities, especially the unit price that is easily confused by the quota subtitle. In addition, the calculation of expenses and the price of materials should also be carefully verified. The advantage of this method is that the workload is relatively reduced and the effect is better.
Fourth, measures to strengthen the path selection of water conservancy project cost management
1, investment decision-making stage control measures
Good project decision-making must be based on accurate basic data, such as understanding the geological conditions, site selection, materials, mechanical equipment prices, etc. In carrying out this work, we must combine the long-term development trend of the national economy, the development of regional economy and industrial economy, and various national policies. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the investigation of similar projects, conduct practical discussions, formulate feasibility reports, and clarify project scale standards to avoid some bad behaviors or generalizations. Based on the actual situation, this paper analyzes the factors that may appear in the project that are not conducive to project cost management, that is, the investment basically meets the actual requirements and floats within the controllable range; In the process of project cost management, we must pay attention to the accumulation of project cost data, formulate some management policies, artificial material prices and indicators in the cost information management system, and at the same time, the relevant state departments should provide high-quality and comprehensive water conservancy project cost information to the society and update it constantly to promote the continuous improvement of cost management level.
2. Strengthen the cost management in the design stage.
Many people think that the construction stage of water conservancy projects needs to invest a lot of manpower and material resources. Therefore, controlling the construction cost also controls the project cost, thus generally ignoring the project cost management in the design stage, and focusing on the project construction stage, that is, auditing the construction drawing budget and the settlement of the project cost. Although this has a certain effect, it is often "better late than never" and get twice the result with half the effort. Project cost control runs through the whole process of water conservancy project from feasibility study to completion and production, and cost management in design stage should be done well.
3. Cost control in the process of water conservancy project implementation
The construction stage is the only process to apply the designer's works to practice, and it is also the most direct link to effectively control the cost, which provides the most fundamental basis for the scientific formulation of the cost. In the construction stage, efforts should be made to strictly control the project cost according to the budget expenditure. The specific implementation method is as follows:
3. 1 Strictly control the design changes during construction.
In the process of construction, design changes should be strictly controlled, and the corresponding design change approval system should be improved. Design changes in construction should be carefully analyzed and studied to ensure the scientificity of the changes.
3.2 Strengthen on-site visa management
The construction site visa is a true record and confirmation of the changes of various factors and conditions in the construction process. It is also a visa for both contracting parties to record the actual situation of engineering quality change outside the contract. It is the original basis for calculating extra-budgetary expenses and the main component of cost management in the construction stage of construction projects. Whether the on-site visa is correct or not directly affects the project cost.
3.3 Strictly control materials and scientifically determine material prices.
In the control of project cost, the control of materials accounts for a large proportion. In the concrete construction process, the materials should be used according to the amount stipulated in the contract, and the material price should be determined scientifically.
4. Strengthen the dynamic management of budget quota.
The main ways to strengthen the dynamic management of budget quota in the cost management of water conservancy projects are as follows: ① According to the principle of separating "quantity" from "price", revise and improve the current quota as soon as possible. ② Pay attention to the timeliness of the quota and adjust the quota regularly. ③ Establish and improve the price information network. Perfect price information network is the basis of dynamic management of project cost. In order to effectively and reasonably determine and control the project cost at each stage, an authoritative water conservancy project cost information network should be established as soon as possible. Relevant units should also study and formulate enterprise quotas as soon as possible, implement physical valuation methods, and gradually integrate with the international community.
Concluding remarks
Water conservancy and hydropower projects are the lifeline of national economy and indispensable, so it is extremely important to manage them in an all-round way. In particular, project cost management has always been the focus and core of attention and research by management departments and construction enterprises at all levels. Only by constantly and reasonably screening and optimizing management methods can the economic benefits of water conservancy and hydropower projects be further improved and the economic costs of enterprises be further reduced.
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