The contents include the cultivation of nursing occupational safety awareness, the education of occupational exposure hazards, the preventive knowledge and protective skills of nursing professional standards, etc. The training methods take the form of theoretical teaching, skill operation demonstration and on-site education. Through theoretical examination and practical operation assessment, the incidence of occupational exposure is investigated, and the effect of occupational protection training is evaluated and judged.
3.2 Cultivation of nursing occupational safety awareness
In the pre-job training of new nurses, we should strengthen occupational protection education, establish nurses' awareness of occupational safety protection, promote nurses' health while constantly improving their professional quality, and cultivate and influence nurses' beliefs and attitudes towards safety nursing, thus promoting the cultivation of safety nursing behavior.
3.3 Training of nursing occupational safety protection knowledge
Most new nurses know little about nursing occupational protection. In view of this situation, our hospital focuses on strengthening the training of occupational safety protection knowledge in the pre-job training of new nurses, and carries out special protection knowledge training for several occupational hazards [2].
(1) Occupational hazards caused by physical injuries: Needle injuries, knife injuries and glass cutting injuries can not only damage skin tissues, but also infect various infectious diseases such as hepatitis B and AIDS through damaged skin or mucous membranes.
(2) Occupational hazards caused by biological injuries: The three basic concepts of standard prevention clearly point out that all patients' blood, body fluids, secretions and excretions are regarded as infectious. Therefore, direct contact between nurses and patients' body fluids, blood and other pollutants can cause infectious diseases through skin or mucous membrane, such as HBV, HCV and HIV.
(3) Psychological injury: Young nurses are often discriminated against and humiliated by patients because of their discomfort caused by changes in their living and working environment, which can lead to psychological injury.
(4) Nursing occupational safety protection measures and protective skills training On the basis of strengthening nurses' awareness and knowledge of occupational safety protection, we should focus on training protective measures and skills. For the injuries caused by sharp instruments such as acupuncture and cutting, we should first cultivate nurses' good psychological quality and calm working attitude. Proper use or disposal of various sharp instruments, such as needles, can use other instruments and equipment (such as needle holders, vascular forceps, etc.) to avoid direct contact with the needles, and prepare and plan to protect the needle sleeve or take out the needles. Needles or sharp objects are not allowed to walk around or pass through by hand, and it is not allowed to return the needle cap with one hand. When opening ampoules and aluminum bottle caps, gauze can be used to protect or try to apply new bottle opener tools, such as the national patent bottle opener developed by nurses in Tongling People's Hospital, Anhui Province, which is light and safe. In contact with the blood, body fluids, secretions and other pollutants of patients, we should first standardize the operation, take standardized preventive measures, implement two-way protection, wear gloves, wash our hands before and after contact or use quick hand disinfectant. Wear masks, goggles and face masks to prevent infectious substances such as body fluids, blood and secretions from polluting the skin and mucous membranes, and wear isolation gown if necessary. When accidental exposure occurs, it should be handled correctly in time to reduce the risk of infection. If the skin accidentally comes into contact with the patient's blood and body fluids, it should be washed immediately with soap and tap water. If the patient's blood and body fluids spill into eyes and mouth, they should be washed immediately with plenty of clear water or normal saline. After the skin is stabbed or cut by a contaminated sharp instrument, the wound should be washed with soap and tap water immediately, and the blood of the wound should be squeezed from the proximal end to the distal end, then the wound should be disinfected with iodophor, and the wound should be bandaged with sterile dressing. Report to the superior within < 48h after the injury, and check the basic level of HIV and HBV within < 72h after the injury. Blood samples should be collected immediately for virus serum examination. If it is determined that it is a sharp instrument stabbed by the infected patient's blood, corresponding treatment measures should be taken as soon as possible [in terms of preventing psychological injury, it is mainly to cultivate young nurses' good psychological quality and social adaptability, treat patients calmly, enthusiastically, understanding and tolerantly, and learn to comfort themselves at the same time, which can effectively relieve their psychological pressure and reduce psychological injury.
(5) After theoretical lectures, operation drills, on-site education and clinical practice, and after examination and inspection, the qualified rate of nursing occupational safety protection training was 100%, and the incidence of occupational exposure decreased significantly (the total exposure rate decreased from 47.25% in previous years to 18.9 1%), which achieved the expected purpose.