New technology of beef cattle breeding
feeding standard
Suitable for raising beef cattle with weight 150 ~ 200 kg: concentrated corn 0. 1 kg, bean cake 1 kg, distiller's grains with coarse corn stalk 3 kg or less 15 kg, 50 g of urea, 40 g of salt, 20 g of sodium phosphate and mirabilite/kloc-.
Feeding beef cattle weighing 200-250kg: 2.6kg of concentrated corn, 2.9kg of bean cake 1 kg, 2.9kg of coarse straw or less than 20kg of distiller's grains, 60g of urea, 40g of salt, 20g of calcium carbonate, 80g of mirabilite18g and 90mg of rumen fluid are added every day.
Feed beef cattle weighing 300-400kg: 5.7kg of concentrated corn, 0/kg of bean cake/kloc, 2.3kg of coarse corn stalk or less than 30kg of distiller's grains, 0/50g of urea/kloc, 0/00g of salt/kloc, 45g of mirabilite and 360mg of rumen hormone.
Timely slaughter: when fattening 12~ 18 months old and weighing more than 500 kg, it can be listed. Pay attention to the number of days when burying cattle weighting agent, and the removal time before slaughter must exceed 90 days.
Cattle are divided into several sections according to their weight and fed with different ingredients and feed intake. When feeding, feed roughage first, then concentrate. The amount of distiller's grains is 1/4 of the daily feed, and the rest is used to supplement the daily intake. In order to improve the nutrition and palatability of the diet, the coarse materials in the diet can be partially ammoniated or slightly stored.
Ammonification and processing of micro-storage materials
Ammonification treatment of coarse feed: cut moldy crop straws or straws into 5-7cm lengths, mix them with 4-5kg urea and 9.3- 1 1.7kg water per 100kg, then sprinkle them evenly on the straw feed, and put them in a pool for sealing; It can also be packed in silk bags and sealed with plastic sheets. The temperature is controlled at 10℃~ 15℃, and it can be used after 1 week. It can be taken at will and sealed after use.
Microbial treatment of roughage: At present, there are many straw fermentation preparations on the market. First, cut the straw or rice straw into 5~8 cm long, add microbial fermentation preparation, and ferment according to the instructions.
Feeding management of beef cattle
Location selection
The site selection of cattle farm should be carefully considered, overall arrangement and long-term planning. It must be combined with the development planning of agriculture and animal husbandry, farmland capital construction and housing construction, and must meet the needs of modern cattle industry. The selected location should have room for development.
1, high and dry. The beef cattle farm should be built in a place with high and dry terrain, sunny leeward, low groundwater level, high in the north and low in the south, gentle slope and flat overall. It must not be built in depressions or tuyeres, so as to avoid drainage difficulties, water accumulation in flood season and cold protection in winter.
2. Good soil quality. Sandy loam is the best soil quality. Soft soil, strong water permeability, difficult accumulation of rainwater and urine, and no hardening after rain, which is beneficial to the cleanliness of cowshed and sports ground and the prevention of diseases such as hoof disease.
3. Adequate water sources. There should be enough water sources that meet the hygiene requirements to ensure production and life and drinking water for people and animals. The water quality is good and non-toxic, ensuring the safety and health of people and animals.
4. Rich forage. Beef cattle breeding needs a large amount of feed, especially coarse feed, which is not suitable for transportation. Beef cattle farms should be close to straw, silage and hay feed resources to ensure forage supply, reduce freight and reduce costs.
5. Convenient transportation. Buying frame cattle and a lot of forage feed, selling fattening cattle and manure, the transportation volume is very large and frequent, and some transportation needs rain or shine. Therefore, beef cattle farms should be built in convenient places near roads or railways.
6. Health and epidemic prevention. It is 600 meters away from the main traffic arteries and factories in villages and towns, and 200 meters away from general traffic roads. It is also necessary to avoid polluting the slaughtering and processing of beef cattle farms and industrial and mining enterprises, especially chemical enterprises. Meet the requirements of veterinary hygiene and environmental hygiene, and there is no source of infection around.
7. Save land. Do not occupy or occupy less cultivated land.
8. Avoid endemic diseases. The endemic diseases of human beings and animals are mostly caused by the lack or excessive content of certain elements in soil and water. Endemic diseases have a great influence on the growth and meat quality of beef cattle. Although it can be prevented, it will inevitably increase the cost. So it should be avoided as much as possible.
design principle
The purpose of building a cowshed is to create a suitable living environment for cattle and ensure their health and normal growth. Spend less capital, feed, energy and labor, and get more livestock products and higher economic benefits. Therefore, the following principles should be mastered when designing beef barns.
1, creating an environment suitable for cattle. Suitable environment can give full play to the production potential of cattle and improve the utilization rate of feed. Generally speaking, the productivity of livestock depends on the variety of 20%, feed 40%-50% and environment 20%-30%. Improper ambient temperature can reduce the productivity of livestock 10-30%. In addition, even if full-price feed is fed, if there is no suitable environment, feed can not be transformed into animal products to the maximum extent; Thereby reducing the feed utilization rate. It can be seen that when building a barn, it is necessary to meet the requirements of livestock for various environmental conditions, including temperature, humidity, ventilation, light, carbon dioxide, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in the air, so as to create a suitable environment for livestock.
2, meet the technical requirements of production, ensure the smooth progress of production and the implementation of animal husbandry and veterinary technical measures. The production technology of beef cattle includes the composition and turnover mode of cattle, forage transportation, feeding, drinking water, dung removal and so on. And technical measures such as measurement, weighing, sperm collection and insemination, prevention, production and nursing. The construction of cowshed must be combined with the production technology in this field. Otherwise, it will bring inconvenience to production, or even fail to produce.
3, strict health and epidemic prevention, to prevent the spread of disease. Epidemic diseases will threaten cattle farms and cause economic losses. By building standardized cowshed and creating a suitable environment for livestock, the occurrence of epidemic diseases will be prevented or reduced. In addition, special attention should be paid to the hygiene requirements when building the barn, so as to facilitate the implementation of the veterinary epidemic prevention system. According to the requirements of epidemic prevention, site planning and building layout should be carried out reasonably, the orientation and spacing of barns should be determined, disinfection facilities should be set up, and sewage treatment facilities should be arranged reasonably.
4. The economy is reasonable and the technology is feasible. On the premise of meeting the above three requirements, the construction cost and equipment investment should be reduced as much as possible to reduce the production cost and speed up the capital turnover. Therefore, cowshed construction should make full use of natural favorable conditions such as natural ventilation and natural lighting, use local materials as much as possible, adopt local architectural habits, and appropriately reduce the area of affiliated buildings. The design scheme of the barn must be realized through construction, otherwise, no matter how good the scheme is, the construction technology is not feasible and it can only be a fantasy design.