The first paper on the theme of mental health education
Strengthening mental health education in colleges and universities to promote students' healthy growth
The general age of college students is 18-25 years old. From the psychological point of view, they are in the middle of adolescence, which is a critical period for personality reconstruction and perfection. Young people have strong psychological sensitivity. After entering the university, their living environment, learning style and interpersonal relationship are completely different from before, and many psychological problems are easily induced by their studies, self-cognition, emotions and employment. At present, the mental health status of college students is not optimistic, and strengthening the mental health education of college students is an important issue facing all colleges and universities.
Mental health; Mental health education; Mental health education model
In recent years, malignant events induced by college students' psychological problems have appeared in newspapers from time to time. In early 2002, Liu Haiyang suffered a bear injury caused by sulfuric acid. In 2004, Ma Jiajue killed four people in the dormitory of Yunnan University, which caused a national sensation. Ma Jiajue incident? . 20 10, Yao Jiaxin, a student of Xi' an Conservatory of Music, stabbed the injured person eight times, causing his death. On 20 13, Lin Senhao, a student of Fudan University, poisoned the water dispenser and killed his roommate. These extreme cases have pushed the society's attention to college students' mental health problems to the peak. The survey shows that more than13 college students have psychological problems such as isolation, depression, hostility and interpersonal barriers, which affect their smooth development in the future career path. At present, the mental health education of college students in China is in an important period of development, and colleges and universities urgently need to strengthen the mental health education of college students and carry out effective mental health education of college students.
1 Main manifestations of mental health problems of college students
1. 1 Poor ability to resist setbacks, often at a loss in the face of pressure.
University life is completely divorced from parents, and this is the first real independent life. Nowadays, college students are mostly only children, with superior living conditions, little frustration training, poor ability to live independently and adapt to the environment, and are prone to psychological discomfort in the face of changes in study, life and environment. This maladjustment often leads to students' depression, anxiety, irritability and inferiority.
1.2 emotional fragility, easy to go to extremes in love.
With the opening of universities and the change of social concepts, college students' love has become an important topic in college life, and love has also become an important part of many college students' lives. The problems caused by love are more and more obvious, and extreme cases emerge one after another.
1.3 flawed personality and tense interpersonal relationship.
Influenced by the family environment of the only child, contemporary college students generally have the shortcomings of ego, selfishness, paranoia and impulsiveness. But each student's life and growth environment are different, and their personality and values are different. When we live and study together, if we lack tolerance and forbearance, it will naturally lead to interpersonal tension.
1.4 Differences in family conditions easily lead to a psychological gap, and poor students have obvious psychological problems.
Due to China's system and social factors, there is a great difference in social distribution in China at present, and the gap between the rich and the poor is large. Compared with students who have no worries about food and clothing, students from poor families worry too much about tuition and life, and are prone to inferiority, vacillation of values and even hatred of the rich and confrontation. Students with family difficulties are more vulnerable to self-confidence, future and freedom.
2 problems in mental health education in colleges and universities
2. 1 Teachers are understaffed and their professional level is not high.
At the beginning of 2005, the Ministry of Education clearly stipulated that a relatively stable and high-quality team of mental health education and psychological counseling for college students should be built with full-time teachers as the backbone? According to statistics, there are only 1 full-time psychological education staff for every 10000 students in colleges and universities in China. The small number of full-time teachers has seriously affected the development of mental health education in colleges and universities.
At present, the personnel engaged in mental health education in colleges and universities mainly include psychological counseling teachers, counselors, medical workers and other management personnel, and most of them are part-time staff. Most of them have not received professional training in psychological counseling, know little about psychology, are not familiar with psychological testing techniques and psychological counseling methods, and are not qualified for the mental health work of college students under the new situation. Personnel engaged in mental health education should be professional, knowing both theory and operation. Teacher professionalization is an urgent problem to be solved in mental health education.
2.2 Lack of coherent and systematic psychological education
At present, college students' mental health education lacks coherence and systematicness, and people engaged in mental health education often play an important role. Fireman? The role of, where there is a fire, where to put out the fire. No matter the front-line personnel engaged in mental health work or the leaders of colleges and universities, the understanding of mental health education often stays at the level of treating mental diseases. The focus of mental health education is to consult, consult and treat a few students who do have psychological problems, while ignoring the needs of the whole student group. The correct orientation of college students' mental health education lies in stimulating students' psychological potential, improving their psychological quality, preventing and treating mental diseases, maintaining students' mental health, and establishing a mental health education model that focuses on preventive education and combines prevention with treatment.
2.3 methods and methods are single
As the object of mental health education, students have been out of the mental health education system for a long time. Mainly manifested in the school and related teachers actively engaged in mental health education, and strive to find students with obstacles and mental illness. Only when problems are found can students become the real objects of psychological education. There are two reasons for this model. First, at present, college students misinterpret mental health, and there are rebellious and repulsive psychology in their hearts. Second, the current education system in colleges and universities marginalizes mental health education, with low treatment for employees and insecure job title evaluation and employment.
3. Some suggestions on constructing the mode of mental health education in colleges and universities
3. 1 Build a high-level mental health education teacher team.
The author believes that the first thing to strengthen the mental health education in colleges and universities is to build a team of high-quality professional mental health education teachers. Enrich mental health educators, train backbone teachers and achieve some expert figures, with counselors as the main force and full-time and part-time teachers as the cooperation. Strengthen the cultivation of talents and promote the specialization and professionalization of teachers; The implementation of the qualification system, engaged in mental health education personnel must hold relevant certificates. Strengthen inter-school exchanges and cooperation, hold psychological seminars, and promote teachers to learn from each other.
3.2 Various forms of psychological education activities.
To carry out psychological health education for college students, we should start with promoting the healthy growth of all students, help them overcome the crisis and difficulties in the process of growth, improve their ability to adapt to social life, optimize their individual psychological quality, and carry out various educational activities with the goal of promoting the coordinated development of psychological quality, cultural quality, professional quality and physical quality.
The course of mental health education is an important channel to popularize mental health knowledge. It should be included in the school teaching plan first, and compulsory or elective courses should be set up to ensure that students generally receive mental health education during school. Through teaching, students can correctly understand themselves and others and understand the mechanism of psychological problems or psychological obstacles; Carry out psychological counseling, including individual counseling and group counseling activities, set up special psychological counseling institutions for college students in colleges and universities, and provide psychological counseling services for college students. The staff who provide psychological counseling services should be those who have received special study and training in psychology, and expand counseling channels. In addition to face-to-face counseling, they should also accept counseling methods such as internet, telephone and letters. Conduct a comprehensive mental health assessment of students in school, establish a student file system, timely understand the key psychological states of students, such as communication psychology, love psychology and network psychology, and at the same time carry out targeted intervention on students with problems through assessment; Actively carry out educational activities such as psychology courses and lectures; Establish student associations such as the Students' Mental Health Association and organize activities; Establish psychological knowledge and consultation website; Organize psychological counselor training, carry out academic research and foreign exchange activities.
3.3 Give full play to students' main role in psychological education activities.
To improve the mental health level of college students, they should participate in it. In mental health education, we should give full play to the main role of college students. There are two ways for college students to participate in mental health education: one is to guide students to take the lead in carrying out mental health education activities. Through the school's mental health courses and mental health education activities, college students fully realize that they are the key to improve their mental health. Guide students to correctly understand the surrounding environment and their roles, so that they can deal with their own living environment with the help of others. Second, give full play to the role of college students' psychological associations. Organize various mental health activities of college students through student associations, publicize mental health knowledge, and promote the mental health development of college students. Third, actively carry out psychological mutual assistance and communication among students. It is easier for peers to understand each other and talk with peers, which is conducive to improving the pertinence and effectiveness of psychological counseling.
refer to
[1] Liang Li. College students' mental health and adjustment [M]. Beijing beijing Science and Technology Press 2003.
[2] Cao Ge. Psychological analysis of contemporary college students [M]. Beijing: Industry and Commerce Press, 2000.
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