Weather: It is a factor that affects crop yield. Some crops need long light, some crops need less accumulated temperature, and some crops need more accumulated temperature. For example, the whole growth period of wheat needs about 2300℃, and cotton needs about 3000℃. Water is the life of crops, and crops need a lot of water.
Soil: The quality of soil directly affects the yield, so it is very important to improve soil and increase soil fertility.
Rational fertilization is an important measure to improve crop yield. Different crops need different amounts of fertilizer. Only when the same crop needs water, how much fertilizer is applied and what climate it adapts to can it provide good growth conditions for crops.
Edited on September 20, 2020
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Several basic knowledge to be mastered in planting lawn grass
(1), sowing method Most lawns can be sown in spring or autumn, and seedlings will emerge orderly in late autumn. When a lawn is built in a large area, it can be sown with a drill, or it can be sown manually in a small area. After sowing, rake it horizontally with a nail rake, and then suppress it with a wooden shovel. Micro-seeds should be covered with straw to keep water after planting. Sowing methods need skilled sowing techniques to ensure uniform sowing. In addition, management is also more labor-intensive. (2) Paving method Although the lawn can be built quickly, the technology is too complicated and the investment is large. (3) Sowing method All grass species with well-developed stolons, such as Bermuda grass, carpet grass, Zoysia tenuifolia, creeping bentgrass and weeds. You can reproduce by sowing. It is best to do it in the early spring when the turf is just about to sprout, or in the rainy season. First, cut the stolon from the lawn and cut it into 5-8 cm long sections in the shade, each section must have knots, otherwise the new roots will not germinate. Then drill or broadcast. (1) Drilling: In the leveled area, open a shallow ditch with a pickaxe and fill it with water. The seeped stems and vines are arranged in 2-3 bundles along the ditch, covered with soil 1cm, with a row spacing of about 20cm, and then sprayed with water 1 time every day, and stopped spraying water after the new buds are unearthed. (2) Sowing: First water the ground once, then spread the cut stems and vines on the soil surface and cover them with fine soil with a thickness of 1cm. (4) Rooting method This method is suitable for grass species with no stems and vines and many tillers, such as Leymus chinensis and velvet antler. The best time is in early spring or rainy season. Dig out the roots of the lawn in dense places, shake off the soil, pick out weeds, cut off some fibrous roots, pinch 2-3 seedlings, tear them apart, and then plant them in pits or strips according to a certain spacing. With planting, the soil is covered, and the thickness of the soil is about 2 cm. After covering the soil, gently compact it and fully irrigate it. Before the new leaves germinate, spray water 1-2 times a day to prevent soil hardening and cracking. Under normal circumstances, planting turf is relatively simple and economical, and the method of sowing stems and seeds is adopted.
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Seek the basic knowledge of growing vegetables
When turning over the soil, it depends on whether the soil is too sticky or too watery. If the soil moisture and viscosity are moderate, it can be planted in good weather. If it is rainy, don't plant it first.
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Vegetable planting knowledge
Taxonomically, vegetables belonging to the same family are not suitable for rotation, such as tomatoes, eggplant, peppers and sweet peppers, which belong to Solanaceae, so they are not suitable for rotation. Cucumber: The first crop of spring cucumber is mostly autumn vegetables or spring side dishes and winter side dishes, and the second crop is suitable for planting a variety of autumn vegetables. The first crop of cucumber in summer and autumn is suitable for all kinds of spring and summer vegetables, and the second crop is suitable for winter vegetables or spring side dishes. Cucumber and tomato inhibit each other and are not suitable for rotation and interplanting. Tomato: 3-5 years rotation, not continuous cropping with solanaceae crops, with various leafy vegetables and root vegetables in the previous crop and leafy vegetables and root vegetables in the next crop, intercropping with short-stemmed crops or vegetables, such as edamame, Chinese cabbage, fennel, onion and garlic. Tomato in autumn shed and interplanting with side dishes can reduce the ground temperature. Intercropping sweet corn and tomato can induce moths to lay eggs and eliminate them centrally. Eggplant: The previous crop is winter leafy vegetables, and vegetables with short growth period such as early-maturing Chinese cabbage, early-maturing Chinese cabbage, spring radish, water radish and cherry radish can also be interplanted, and autumn vegetables such as Chinese cabbage can be planted in the next crop. Pepper: it is not suitable for continuous cropping with solanaceae crops, nor for intercropping with short-stem crops such as leafy vegetables, root vegetables and peanuts. Melon: Avoid continuous cropping. Rotation for 3 ~ 5 years. Avoid continuous cropping with other melons. It is best to take leafy vegetables as the first and last crop of melons, and the next crop of leafy vegetables can obviously increase production. Beans: including kidney beans, peas, Dutch beans, sweet and crisp beans, decorated beans and so on. , not suitable for continuous cropping, rotation for more than 3 years, the previous crop is autumn and winter vegetables or idle land. Carrots: The crops before carrots in autumn and winter are mostly wheat, spring cabbage, spring cabbage and beans. Subsequent crops can be inoculated with wheat, onions, spring cabbage, green onions, potatoes and so on. Potatoes: The previous crops were onions, garlic and cucumbers, followed by cereal crops and soybeans. Solanaceae crops should not be rotated with each other, nor with root vegetables. When interplanting with other crops, we should pay attention to: ① Choose early-maturing varieties with short plants. ② Shorten the growth period of * * * as much as possible and stagger the peak period of organ formation. ③ There is less competition for temperature, light, moisture, fertilizer and impact management. Onion: Continuous cropping is the most taboo. It takes more than 3 years to cultivate Chinese cabbage and melon vegetables with onion stubble in rotation with food crops. Early-maturing radish was interplanted in the early growth stage of Chinese onion, and winter crops such as spinach were interplanted in the later stage. Garlic: Avoid continuous cropping or continuous cropping with other Allium plants. Early-maturing beans, melons, eggplant and potatoes are the best crops for garlic sowing in autumn. Spring sowing garlic is best matched with autumn beans, melons, pumpkins and eggplant. This is a good previous crop for other crops. Chinese cabbage: not suitable for continuous cropping with cruciferous crops such as rice. Rotation planting: ① choose vegetables with early harvest, such as eggplant; (2) Choose vegetables such as cucumber and watermelon which have been fertilized more in the previous crop; (3) Onion and garlic as previous crops can reduce pests and diseases. Planting Chinese cabbage on leek ridge or between garlic ridges can obviously reduce diseases. Chinese cabbage and Wuta vegetable: it can be rotated with melons, beans, root vegetables and field crops. Spring vegetables can be interplanted with solanaceous fruits, beans and melons. Summer and autumn vegetables can be paired with celery, chrysanthemum and carrots. Autumn and early autumn cabbage can be interplanted with cauliflower, cabbage and autumn potatoes. Intercropping spring cabbage and lettuce in winter. Shepherd's purse Shepherd's purse: The best first crop of autumn sowing shepherd's purse is tomato and cucumber; Garlic comes before shepherd's purse in spring. Avoid continuous cropping. White gourd: 5-6 white gourd plants are planted with ginger, one side is planted with kudzu vine, and the other side is planted with taro. Interplanting winter melon or pepper eggplant in leek beds after April and May; Tomato interplanting with wax gourd; Intercropping bulbous fennel, lettuce, cabbage and lobular vegetables under the melon frame; Winter melon interplanting ginger in mountainous area. Watermelon: rotation for more than 5 ~ 8 years. Rotation crops are: wheat, rice, corn, radish, sweet potato and green manure. Lotus root: Lotus root and rice rotate. After the early lotus root harvest, you can plant cress, arrowhead, water chestnut and watercress. Lotus root is often rotated with arrowhead, water chestnut and water bamboo every other year, or intercropped with water bamboo. Lettuce: The first crop can be onion, garlic and cucumber, followed by strawberries and tomatoes. Generally, it is better to arrange solanaceous vegetables with more phosphorus after leafy vegetables with more nitrogen. Cucumber, celery and spinach absorb fertilizer quickly, so it is best to plant tomatoes, eggplant and peppers that absorb more organic fertilizer in the next crop. Pay attention to the effects of various vegetables on soil pH value. Planting potatoes and cabbage will increase soil acidity, while planting corn and pumpkin will reduce soil acidity. Therefore, onion vegetables sensitive to acidity can obtain higher yield as the following crops of corn and pumpkin. Vegetables should be long and short, with more fat and less fat. Planting leguminous vegetables can increase soil organic matter content and improve soil fertility, while planting leafy vegetables with more nitrogen for a long time will make the nutrient elements in the soil out of balance.
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Basic knowledge of planting-find the answer and then "ask"
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Common sense of perennial planting.
There are ginger in July and August, leek flowers and leek yellow in April and June, and cowpeas in August and September. 10. Now we can't plant anything next spring.