Safety knowledge of chemical equipment 1. What safety knowledge is there in the workshop?
Original publisher: House loves Yan Xin.
1. Please wear work clothes and label at work. Sandals, slippers, high heels, vests, skirts and strapless pants are not allowed to enter the workshop. If the sewing class has long hair, wear a hat or a hairnet. 2, it is forbidden to play in the workshop, play, it is forbidden to shuttle in the workshop. 3. Wear and use labor protection articles carefully. 4, must strictly abide by the safety requirements of dangerous operations.
5. Smoking and hot work are strictly prohibited in the workshop. 6, it is strictly prohibited to drink before and during working hours. 7. When commuting, it is forbidden to crowd in the corridor. 8. Concentrate on your work and don't do anything unrelated to your work.
9. Clear or eliminate obstacles in time.
2. What matters should chemical engineers pay attention to in-plant operation safety?
Precautions for equipment operation safety-Introduction Because chemical enterprises often come into contact with acidic, alkaline, toxic, flammable and explosive media in the production process, the maintenance rate of their equipment is higher than that of other industries, and they often need to enter the equipment in the process of equipment maintenance, so ensuring safe production is an important topic in the chemical industry.
Combined with work experience, we believe that the following aspects should be done well in equipment maintenance: 2. Study the feasibility of equipment maintenance. Due to the continuity of the production process in chemical production and the high temperature, high pressure and toxicity of the medium, before equipment maintenance, relevant departments should be organized to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of equipment maintenance, comprehensively evaluate the maintenance value of equipment, consider the possible unsafe factors in the maintenance process, and come up with a safe and feasible construction plan. Preparation for in-plant maintenance Because of the complexity and insecurity of in-plant maintenance in chemical enterprises, maintenance units need to make preparations before maintenance.
(1) First of all, it is necessary to find out the chemical and physical characteristics of the medium in the equipment, so as to determine the feasible replacement scheme, and achieve the basic conditions for maintenance through replacement, which is the most basic condition for ensuring the personal safety of the operators. (2) Close the material pipes and valves in and out of the equipment, and install a blind plate as required (don't just close the valve, to prevent the valve from being lax), so that the maintenance equipment is completely disconnected from other equipment.
(3) Turn off the power supply of the maintenance equipment, and hang a safety warning sign "No switching on for equipment maintenance" on the power switch. (4) Maintenance lighting in the equipment shall be determined according to dryness. The lighting voltage in the equipment is 24v when dry and 12v when wet.
(5) After the safety preparation is completed, it is necessary to go to the security department for a work permit to enter the equipment. At the same time, if the maintenance requires electric welding, it is necessary to prepare insulating rubber pads or insulating sleepers, and it is also necessary to apply for a hot certificate. (6) Maintenance equipment belongs to pressure vessels and needs to be maintained in accordance with the Regulations on Safety Supervision of Special Equipment.
4. Define the responsibilities of maintenance personnel in the equipment (1). Maintenance personnel must receive safety education before entering the equipment, so that maintenance personnel can clearly understand the possible risk factors and countermeasures in the maintenance process. Maintenance personnel entering the equipment must be healthy and free from diseases such as hypertension and heart disease; You must wear necessary protective equipment before entering the equipment.
In the process of work, if you feel unwell, you should inform the supervisor in time and leave the scene in time. The relevant departments responsible for maintenance should further analyze and study the causes of this situation, and re-formulate a safe and reliable construction plan to ensure the personal safety of employees. (2) Construction supervisor 1.
When choosing a guardian, the maintenance department must choose skilled and conscientious personnel to engage in guardianship work, and there are generally no less than two guardians. 2。
Responsibilities of the construction supervisor (1) The supervisor shall assist the construction personnel to prepare and equip the necessary protective equipment and check whether it is effective; (2) The guardian should know the content, purpose and requirements of the work and the safety measures taken; (3) When monitoring, the guardian should choose a suitable monitoring point, pay attention to his own safety, always pay attention to the work and physical condition of the ward, and be prepared to take rescue measures when problems arise; (4) The guardianship personnel can't leave the guardianship post for a moment in the guardianship work; (5) In case of an accident, the maintenance personnel rescued from the site should leave the construction site immediately and move to a place with fresh air. If the patient's heartbeat and breathing stop, he should be rescued on the spot, giving priority to artificial respiration, and notify the hospital in time. The operation of equipment will change with the improvement of technology and the application of new materials, which requires production managers to keep pace with the times and constantly sum up experience in the production process to guide production, so as to ensure the personal health of employees and provide good services for the normal production order of enterprises.
3. Chemical safety in production
Chemical safety production papers: China chemical industry safety production status and control strategies Abstract: According to the information provided by the State Administration of Work Safety, in recent two years, although the relevant state departments and enterprises have done a lot of work in safety production, the current situation of safety production in the chemical industry in China is still very grim, and large and small safety accidents continue to occur.
For example, in June 2009, 5438+1early October, the compressor of a chemical fertilizer plant in Jingmen City, Hubei Province exploded, which almost hurt people. It has caused huge direct and indirect economic losses to the country and enterprises. The chemical industry has become the second largest accident-prone industry after mining.
Keywords: 1 Cause analysis of all accidents in the chemical industry. All safety production accidents are closely related to the characteristics of chemical production, and there are many unsafe factors in these characteristics. 1. 1 Unsafe state (1) In chemical production, most raw materials used are flammable, explosive and corrosive.
At present, there are 6 million kinds of chemicals in the world, of which about 60,000 to 70,000 kinds are produced and used frequently, and about 30,000 kinds are in China. About 70% of these chemicals are flammable, explosive, toxic and corrosive.
Improper operation or management in the process of production, use, storage and transportation will lead to safety accidents such as fire, explosion, poisoning and burns. (2) There are many high-temperature and high-pressure equipment in chemical enterprises.
Many chemical production are inseparable from high-temperature and high-pressure equipment, focusing on energy. If the design and manufacture are not carried out according to the specifications, the quality will be unqualified; Or operational errors, catastrophic accidents will occur. Moreover, in order to reduce costs and funds, many chemical enterprises first cut the funds for technical measures for safety production, resulting in a serious shortage of safety investment, resulting in disrepair of equipment and long-term failure to control major hidden dangers.
Although some enterprises with good benefits have invested some money in safety management, their investment is also decreasing year by year; Loss-making enterprises make little or no investment. The phenomenon of equipment and manpower is widespread.
Enterprise equipment aging, backward technology, messy production site, running, running, dripping and leaking are very serious, and the hidden dangers of accidents are very prominent. According to the recent safety inspection conducted by the safety supervision department in cities where the chemical industry is concentrated in China, there are many problems in the fire-fighting equipment and equipment of most petroleum, petrochemical and chemical enterprises inspected. Fire engines owned by inflammable and explosive enterprises are generally aging; Some fire extinguishers on site have no pressure, some have exceeded the inspection period, and some fire hydrants have no water guns; Fire pump rooms are generally improperly maintained, and some are almost paralyzed; The production equipment and accident emergency prevention infrastructure of enterprises are in a worrying state.
1.2 unsafe behaviors of people At present, accidents caused by human factors account for 70-80% of the total accidents in safety production in the chemical industry. Among them, there are the quality problems of employees and the low comprehensive quality of enterprise managers.
At present, due to the heavy burden of a considerable number of enterprises, enterprise leaders only pay attention to the market and efficiency, ignoring safety management at all. When there is a contradiction between production and safety, they ignore safety in production. Should have stopped for equipment maintenance, but for short-term economic benefits, it is not uncommon for equipment to work with illness and eventually lead to heavy casualties.
Poor economic benefits of enterprises and frequent accidents are also one of the important reasons. At the same time, most chemical enterprises have complex processes and strict operation requirements, and operators will make mistakes if they are not careful, which will lead to safety hazards or production accidents.
The production of a chemical product often consists of several processes, and each process consists of several chemical units and several special equipment and instruments to form a production system, forming a production line with long technological process, complex technology, many technological parameters and strict requirements. Therefore, anyone is required not to change it without authorization, strictly abide by the operating procedures, pay attention to patrol inspection, carefully record, correct deviation, strictly shift over, pay attention to the connection between upper and lower processes, eliminate hidden dangers in time, and put an end to all kinds of accidents.
1.3 Lack of management Many chemical enterprises have established safety production rules and regulations and equipped full-time safety management institutions or personnel. However, the system has not been implemented at all, and institutions or personnel exist in name only.
At present, due to the guiding ideology of "economic benefits first" in a considerable number of enterprises, enterprise leaders or management are insensitive to the pursuit of short-term economic interests or personal "achievement outlook" and regard the lives of employees as a child's play. When there is a conflict between production and safety, the phenomena of neglecting safety production, commanding in violation of regulations, and letting employees take risks to work lead to heavy casualties emerge one after another.
2 Coping Strategies In order to change the current grim situation of safety production in China's chemical industry and prevent and reduce the accident rate in the chemical industry, the following strategies should be adopted: 2. 1 Eliminate the unsafe state of substances and create a good and safe working environment. According to the characteristics of complex chemical production process and strict operation requirements, enterprises should take the initiative to strengthen the renewal of aging equipment, add safety protection devices for equipment in each process, and establish emergency remedy plans, so as to avoid or reduce injuries as much as possible even if employees have misoperation accidents.
For chemical dangerous areas, it is necessary to set up multi-level protection and improve alarm facilities to ensure the safety alarm at the first time. Only by creating a good and safe working environment can enterprises develop healthily and steadily, improve the work performance of employees and create more economic benefits for enterprises.
2.2 Correct people's unsafe behaviors (1) and study chemical safety knowledge seriously. Only by mastering all kinds of safety knowledge can we prevent all kinds of accidents more effectively, formulate personal protective and preventive measures according to the characteristics of dangerous chemicals, and correct our habitual illegal behavior in operation, so as to improve our consciousness of implementing safety production, better fulfill our employees' safety responsibilities and achieve the goal of safety production.
At the same time, every employee should seriously study the business knowledge of this position, and learn it carefully and thoroughly. Only after passing the training can they take up their posts. Special jobs also require certificates. Because in chemical enterprises, the process of many positions is complex, the reaction process of raw materials is long, the reaction medium is dangerous, and the equipment is often high temperature and high pressure. Only when everyone is familiar with the business and skilled in operation can safety in production be basically guaranteed.
(2) Actively cooperate with safety officers at all levels to participate in various safety activities. Every study and on-site drill organized by the safety officer is aimed at the enterprise.
4. According to the principle of intrinsic safety, six basic principles to realize equipment safety management are listed.
1. Organization Principles of Safety Science Management 1. Planning principle 2. Effect principle effect, 3. Feedback principle 4. Step principle 5. Systematic principle 6. Principle of non-mixing and coexistence 7. Single solution principle 8. Principle of equality 9. Responsibility principle 10. The principle of combining spiritual encouragement with material encouragement 1. cadre
Two, the five laws of production safety 1. The essence of safety production law under socialist conditions is to recognize the potential dangers in production and create the possibility of formulating safety regulations and implementing their principles. The function of this law is restricted by the basic economic law of socialism, and it will be realized in organized and systematic labor protection institutions and purposeful activities.
2. The law that working conditions adapt to people's characteristics. There is a limit to the possibility of people adapting to the environment. This law requires that when conceiving a new technology or designing a new process, as well as solving other tasks, a people-centered view must be established, and the activities of the operator must be designed first, and then the technology used by the operator must be designed.
We should focus on the dangers in the energy system with people as the main body and its elimination measures. 3. Constantly and systematically improve the labor conditions law. This law refers to the unswerving reform of labor safety management to reduce harmful consequences in production with the socialist modernization and the improvement of production methods.
This law can be regarded as a partial embodiment of the general law of planned and proportional development of the national economy under socialist conditions. 4. The law of material and technical foundation adapting to working conditions. Scientific and technological progress has fundamentally improved working conditions, but it does not rule out the possibility of new important risk factors or expanding their harmful effects.
Violation of this law will lead to the decline of the effect of new technology. The essence of this law is that the improvement of working conditions should adapt to the development stage of material and technical foundation in time.
5. Scientific safety management law Accident prevention science is an empirical science. It is based on experience.
Experience is a necessary condition for mastering objective things. Scientifically sort out the proven experience of individuals, clarify the relationship between empirical facts, and form a knowledge system. This scientific system is a human behavior science with human energy system as the main body and external energy as the subsidiary aspect.
Things related to accident prevention science are quite extensive. First of all, it is an in-depth discussion of human physiology and psychology in action; Secondly, the probability theory in mathematics is applied to study the probability of accidents; The third is the system as a means of labor, including mechanical, electrical, chemical and other engineering technologies, as well as the "system safety project" to make the equipment environment safe.
In addition, it is necessary to develop ergonomics, which is also the gateway to further study safety management. Scientific management of safety, the purpose of which is to discuss human behavior); Scientifically regard individuals or collectives as a system; Eliminate unsafe factors that hinder the completion of safe production tasks, and make the safety probability of planned production the highest.
The realization of safety management must be based on science, planning, clear procedures and correct methods. According to the law, the indicators of labor safety plan can be formed.
Indicators (targets) must conform to reality, with clear objectives, clear quantification, objective conditions, economy and effectiveness, which can be checked as a whole and show the integrity of their functions for the purpose of ensuring safety. In short, the above five laws show that labor protection at different stages of development is planned and has clear established goals.
In all stages of scientific research, experimental design, formal design, production, enterprise transformation and production reform, it is only on the basis of understanding and applying safety principles that it is possible to truly ensure safe production. Three. Five principles of accident prevention (1) Principles of possible prevention The characteristics of man-made disasters are different from natural disasters. If we want to prevent man-made disasters, we must base ourselves on nip in the bud.
In principle, man-made disasters can be prevented. Therefore, we should not only consider the countermeasures after man-made disasters, but also consider the countermeasures before them.
Safety engineering focuses on nip in the bud, which is based on the basic point that disasters can be prevented. However, it is actually difficult to prevent all man-made disasters.
Therefore, we should not only explore the material reasons, but also explore the human reasons. In the final analysis, to implement the principle that man-made disasters can be prevented, the goal must be to prevent them before they happen.
In the accident cause investigation report, it is often seen that the cause of the accident is irresistibly recorded. The so-called irresistible may mean that it is inevitable for the victim himself, not from the standpoint of the victim.
If we consider from the standpoint of preventing this kind of accident from happening again, there should be another reason, which is by no means irresistible, but by implementing effective countermeasures, we can nip in the bud. Therefore, based on the principle of possible prevention, the word "irresistible" cannot be used when investigating the causes of man-made disasters.
In the past, accident countermeasures often took after-the-fact countermeasures. For example, the countermeasures of fire and explosion are: fire prevention structure of buildings, limiting the storage of dangerous substances, safe distance, explosion-proof walls, oil dikes and so on. , in order to reduce the loss of the accident; Set fire alarm, fire extinguisher and fire extinguishing equipment to find and put out fires at an early stage; Set up refuge facilities and first aid facilities. Used for emergency treatment after the disaster expands.
Even if these after-the-fact countermeasures are fully implemented, they may not be able to prevent fires and explosions before they happen. In order to prevent fire and explosion, it is necessary to properly manage the sources and dangerous substances, and it is possible to prevent fire and explosion through these proper management.
Of course, in an emergency, it is necessary to take adequate measures afterwards. The prevention of disasters only focuses on the countermeasures afterwards, which can be said to be from the perspective of the inevitability of accidents.
All these are based on equal consideration of possible man-made disasters and natural disasters. In short, as a man-made disaster, it is a preventive measure, which is more important than post-accident disposal.
The focus of safety engineering should be the countermeasures before the accident. (II) Analysis of the principle of accidental loss The concept of disaster includes accidents.
5. How to ensure the safe operation of the equipment?
There are two keys to this problem. One is the sense of responsibility of staff when they go to work, conscientiously implement the safety system, improve the safety quality of operators, and do a good job in safety management.
The other is that the equipment should be overhauled frequently, and the inspection equipment should be comprehensive. Operators should strictly implement the system of equipment patrol inspection, and inspect the equipment in each shift. When problems are found, the defect notice must be filled in immediately, and the work area leader should be informed to request maintenance. The personnel on duty insist on regularly increasing the number of inspections of equipment every day, so that there is nowhere to hide equipment defects.
Once the equipment is found to be defective, the maintenance team must rush to the scene as soon as possible to deal with it. In principle, minor defects do not exceed categories, and major defects do not exceed days. At the same time, operators and maintenance personnel are also required to jointly check and accept the repaired equipment to ensure the maintenance quality.
6. Safety tips 10
1. What things in life can cause a stuck throat?
(1) Fighting with food in their mouths, running and jumping.
(2) When doing homework. Always put pen caps, pins, etc. In your mouth.
(3) When eating snacks, throw the food out and open your mouth to pick it up.
(4) Laugh while eating.
(5) When eating fish.
2. What should I do if I am bitten by a puppy while playing with it?
(6) Wash the wound carefully and thoroughly immediately, and rinse it with running water for more than 20 minutes.
(7) Ligate the upper end of the wound (near the heart end) with a cloth belt to prevent blood from flowing back. Don't cover the wound.
(8) Send to the hospital quickly and timely, and inject rabies vaccine and tetanus vaccine.
3. What should I do if my classmates faint from heatstroke?
(9) Take him to the infirmary immediately and find the school doctor.
(10) Help him to the shade, loosen the button, cold compress his neck with a towel, and replenish water in time.
7. Common sense of safety prevention
Original publisher: hgt563
There are three basic methods to guard against personal security knowledge: personal defense, physical defense and technical defense. Among them, civil air defense is the only reliable way to prevent and stop theft. Physical defense is one of the most widely used basic protection measures. Technical prevention is a more subtle and reliable preventive measure, which can immediately detect the invasion, replace the guards of personnel, and stay on alert for a long time without fatigue and slack. The following is a summary of personal safety precautions for reference only. Daily personal safety precautions ◇ Safety precautions knowledge (1) Basic anti-theft methods 1. There are three basic anti-theft methods: personal defense, physical defense and technical defense. Among them, civil air defense is the only reliable way to prevent and stop theft. Physical defense is one of the most widely used basic protection measures. Technical prevention is a more subtle and reliable preventive measure, which can immediately detect the invasion, replace the guards of personnel, and stay on alert for a long time without fatigue and slack. Students should pay attention to the following points when doing anti-theft work at school and at home: ① Close the window and lock the door at any time, and don't be afraid of trouble. Students must get into the habit of turning off lights, closing windows and locking doors, so as to prevent thieves from entering. (2) Don't just hang out with people who don't know the details. You can't just be loyal, emotional and unprincipled. If you lure the wolf into the room, you will regret it. This lesson is painful. Anyone who finds suspicious behavior should be vigilant and pay more attention. When criminals steal, they often find various excuses, such as who to look for or what goods to sell. When they saw that we were lax and free to go in and out, and Daimon Masaru was open, they walked back and forth, peeped around, waited for an opportunity to find out the situation, and then pried the door and twisted the lock to steal. When encountering such suspicious people, students should take the initiative to ask, and if there is a legitimate reason, they can generally make it clear. If the holder can't give a proper reason and it is suspicious.