Paraglider Paraglider's umbrella cloth is a kind of umbrella cloth made of special anti-crack nylon cloth, which is divided into three parts: umbrella cloth, main lifting rope and shoulder strap. There is a control rope on the left and right of the main lifting belt in the front group of paraglider, which can be used by the pilot to control the direction (directional turning). It is very easy to operate, but the action must be gentle. When you want to turn left in flight, just gently pull down the left control rope, turn to the required direction, and gently put it back; To turn right, gently pull down the control rope on the right, and then gently put it back until it turns to the required direction. Remember that when turning left and right, the movement must be gentle and slowly put back, and it is not allowed to yank and let go. Paragliding is a high-performance gliding tool, and it is extremely dangerous if it is driven by people who have no experience or know the correct control skills. Because paragliders have high-performance gliding characteristics, pilots must know their characteristics and control skills (especially the control essentials when landing) and control skills when flying in bumps before flying. If the control rope fails, the last two main lifting belts should be used, and the operation essentials are the same as those of the control rope.

Landing:10-15m, landing must face the wind direction, and the control rope should be pulled to the shoulder. When the distance from the ground is about 1 m, slowly pull the control ropes on both sides below the waist, and you can easily land. If the umbrella is a little unstable during the landing, it is because of bumps. At this time, you need to put your feet together, tighten your knees and prepare to turn over, that is, complete the landing action according to the five-point landing method. The key point of landing at five o'clock is to use the developed parts of the body to land first, so as to achieve the goal of landing safely.

Braking: During paragliding flight, the glider pulls the control rope to the position below the ear, and the tail edge of the paraglider is suspended for about 2-4 inches, with the best gliding ratio. But not too much. When reducing the flight speed, pull the control rope down to the chest position, and the tail edge will sag more to increase the resistance and reduce the flight speed. This deceleration method is rarely used in flight except when landing. Avoid using this method when it is 30-50 meters from the ground, because if the control rope is pulled too low, the pressure of the wing airbag will be lost, and stall is very dangerous. When flying under the condition of stable airflow, the pilot can change the relative airflow angle and control the direction of the umbrella with the control rope. When flying in unstable airflow, the situation is quite different. Pilots must know and understand how unstable airflow (turbulence) is formed and the factors that form it.

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About turbulence

Formation factors of paragliding turbulence

A. undulating trees, mountains and buildings;

B. Static change of air caused by cold and heat;

C. velocity difference between two layers of air;

D. bumps caused by cold air or warm current crossing the border;

E. it is also related to hot air flow.

Turbulence affecting paragliders ranges from several feet to several miles, so when making flight plans, pilots should first consider the areas prone to turbulence on the route.

Factors affecting turbulence

A, the greater the wind speed, the stronger the turbulence;

B, the greater the air density, the stronger the turbulence. When the wind speed is 10 Li/hour, turbulence will not cause serious danger to the pilot, but if the wind speed is 15-20 Li/hour, turbulence may even overturn the paraglider, especially when approaching the undulating obstacles. The turbulence caused by cold weather is stronger than that caused by summer.

Matters needing attention in flying in turbulence

The lighter the pilot, the greater the influence of turbulence. Lightweight pilots have poor turbulence resistance, so be especially careful. When flying in turbulence, the control rope should be pulled to 30%-40% above the chest, because too slow speed will also cause pressure loss and deflation, and then stall, so there is no time to react. So be careful, especially when you are near the ground or hillside.

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slide rail

Paragliding If you plan to take part in paragliding, you must find a powerful paragliding club or a special flying school. Under the guidance of experienced coaches, start with basic knowledge and ground exercises, and master the primary, intermediate, advanced and special flying skills step by step.

First, the basic conditions of gliding athletes: no heart disease, acrophobia and hypertension, good development, normal thinking, full of confidence in their age can try.

2. paragliding type and sales price: primary paragliding: about RMB1.5-20,000 yuan. Leisure umbrella: about 20,000 RMB. Competition-class umbrella: about 30,000 RMB.

Third, paragliding flight training content: learn gliding theory and meteorological common sense, flight equipment and the structure of paragliding; Familiar with paragliding, do parachute shaking manipulation exercises on the ground and watch alpine gliding flight; Practice flying on the hillside of tens of meters; Practice flying on a mountain two or three hundred meters high.

Fourth, security: at present, many aviation clubs will give students personal insurance for about one month when enrolling students; Paragliders are basically imported umbrellas, which have passed the strict inspection of the International Sliding Federation, and their own safety is beyond doubt; There are two senior coaches who conduct flight command through walkie-talkies at the take-off point and landing point respectively; Every paraglider seat is equipped with a spare umbrella in case of accidents. There are several paragliding clubs in China at present. Besides Hualian Club, other famous clubs are Giant Club, Tianjiao Club and Feitian Club. The training time can be arranged at weekends or other times according to their own conditions, and the A-level certificate of paragliding issued by the State Sports General Administration after graduation.

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Special case handling

There are roughly the following kinds of dangerous situations that paragliders will encounter: when the umbrella is folded in turbulence, when lakes, rivers and sea surfaces have to fall into the water, and when the accumulated clouds are attracted by strong updraft.

When the umbrella is folded in turbulence: when the wings of the umbrella are folded in the central tuyere, the umbrella will immediately descend rapidly and swing back and forth quite badly. At this time, pull down the left and right control ropes at the same time to prevent the umbrella from leaning forward, and then open the place where the wings are folded at the central tuyere. The pull-down of control rope is related to the flapping degree of tuyere, that is, the greater the flapping, the greater the pull-down of control rope, and vice versa.

When the control rope is pulled down and the tuyere flap is reset, it may also cause stall. First, the left and right folding wings of the umbrella garment pull down the control rope on the side without folding wings to keep the umbrella sliding forward and prevent spiral rotation. When it is safe, quickly and greatly pull the control rope on one side of the folding wing up and down. If you fail once, try again the second time and the third time. If you can't restore the original state, you should immediately consider using an auxiliary umbrella.

Wings flapping slightly: In fact, when the umbrella rotates, the descending speed will accelerate immediately. At this time, the control rope on the other side should be pulled down a little to prevent the wing from collapsing under pressure. If the wing is folded, the control rope will be pulled up and down quickly for 2 or 3 times.

Falling into the water and high-voltage lines: First, before falling into the water, disconnect the wire harness from the body, and the lock of the hook must be opened. Especially if you fall into the river, the umbrella will be washed away by the water, and the possibility of drowning is quite high, so you must pay special attention. It is forbidden to approach places with high-voltage lines, but if you fly close, you must avoid touching two wires at the same time, keep your body as vertical as possible, keep your hands and feet straight, and there will be a magnetic field near the high-voltage lines, so you should also avoid approaching. If the location of the high-voltage line is downwind and the height is enough, use the downwind to cross the high-voltage line and then land, because sometimes it is safer to land with the downwind.

If you fly by the sea or by the lake, you'd better put on a life jacket in case you fall into the water. In addition, if you fall into the water, the umbrella will cover your head, which will cause the danger of not being able to breathe, so you must brake before you fall into the water and leave the umbrella behind the pilot.

When paragliders are sucked up by cumulonimbus clouds: Usually when flying, you should avoid cumulonimbus clouds when you see them from a distance. But it moves so fast that sometimes pilots will be sucked up if they don't teach themselves. When you find this abnormal rise, you should try to get rid of it immediately. If the updraft is strong, it is usually used to reduce the height of the 360-degree rotation, which will increase the rising speed. So we should measure the height of the ground at this time. With "full stall", wind the control rope around your hands for 2 or 3 times, then pull it to full braking, and stick your hands on the outside of your hips to make the umbrella bend into a horseshoe shape, so as to achieve the effect of rapid descent.

However, due to the great damage of the umbrella when it is released, the umbrella will stop immediately after being pulled down, and the pilot will swing forward greatly due to inertia. Unless he is a very skilled operator, it is easy to be in danger due to this unexpected situation. Therefore, at present, more and more people use "B file" instead of full file to escape from the chaotic cloud.

"B stall" refers to the method of pulling the control belt of group B (the second group of umbrella ropes) to make the umbrella fall vertically at a stall point. The way to do this is to pull down the control belt of Group B, preferably to the shoulders, observe the situation of the umbrella before deciding whether to pull it to the chest, and then slowly release it after leaving the cloud area (not too fast, otherwise the umbrella will fall straight).

Use of auxiliary umbrella: The auxiliary umbrella is the last chance for the pilot to save himself in an emergency. Usually the umbrella is broken and can be recovered in time. When it returns to its original state, its height will be relatively lost. If the recovery operation is too late to untie the rope umbrella, it is likely to be close to the ground before recovery. In addition, the material of the main umbrella coat is degraded by ultraviolet radiation, and the residual strength of the material is not enough. In the event of an accident, its strength is likely to be unbearable and seriously damaged. At these times, only an umbrella can save lives.

It must be taken into account that the height of the auxiliary umbrella will lose at least 50 meters from the time the pilot throws it to the time the umbrella surface is opened. Therefore, if the auxiliary umbrella must be thrown below 50 meters, it will be useless, but it may be entangled with the main umbrella because of bumps, which must be highly valued.

Paragliding parasols can be roughly divided into two forms: one is discarded and the other is cut off. There are two packaging methods for discarded parasols: bucket type and square type. When in use, the umbrella rope is pulled out in turn, and the inner umbrella bag falls off. The harder you throw it into the distance, the sooner the parachute opens. Then the umbrella coat began to eat the wind, and then rose from the rear to the upper rear. When the auxiliary umbrella is raised, the main umbrella should be retracted and pulled as far as possible to prevent it from being entangled with the auxiliary umbrella, and at the same time, grasp the combined belt of the auxiliary umbrella with the other hand. However, the removed auxiliary umbrella needs to be unhooked, and the removal of the main umbrella and the opening of the auxiliary umbrella are almost completed at the same time, which looks like a small umbrella at high altitude and can also control the direction. When using the disposable auxiliary umbrella, be careful not to throw it directly below, because if it is downwind, the auxiliary umbrella may rise from the front and be wrapped by the main umbrella, which will not work. In addition, it is best to open the inspection auxiliary umbrella regularly every once in a while and then fold it again, because the auxiliary umbrella must be opened 100% in use without any mistakes, so it is necessary to ensure that once it is used, it can save people without mistakes. The rope of the auxiliary umbrella has two sizes, one is longer than the main umbrella and the other is lower than the main umbrella, both of which are to prevent entanglement with the main umbrella; The earlier the auxiliary parachute opens, the longer the strain time, but the longer the time it drifts with the wind. Because the abandoned auxiliary umbrella can't be manipulated, it should be avoided in complex terrain areas and thrown after passing. If during the flight, the main umbrella is trampled underfoot due to strong bumps, and the whole person is wrapped like a sandwich by the main umbrella, and no matter what type of auxiliary umbrella can be opened, it is necessary to avoid being wrapped by the main umbrella in silence. Pay attention to whether you are in the supine position when the auxiliary umbrella is fully opened. At this time, you should try to become a general head-to-foot posture to prevent your back from touching the ground.

Paragliding paragliding only speeds up the descent when the main parachute is drilled under normal conditions, but in actual use, the situation is critical, so we must keep a cool head and make a decision. Once you decide to use the paraglider, you must pull it out immediately, and don't hesitate, because a temporary mistake may cause life-threatening. If there is an emergency at an altitude of less than 30 meters, it is definitely too late to throw an umbrella. Do not try to rule out folding wings at this time. You should stand up straight at once, find a good position, and get ready for a heavy landing and rollover. At this time, you should be mentally prepared. Even if you break your leg, don't hurt your spine and head. So in any case, you must first put your feet together on the ground, and then turn over to cushion.

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Aviation collision avoidance rules

From top to bottom, paragliders are: when two parachutes with the same height meet head-on, turn right to avoid; When overtaking the front runner on the hillside, you must overtake the front runner and the mountain (to prevent the front runner from suddenly changing out); When entering the hot air zone, the latecomers should hover in the same direction as the advanced ones; Even if pilots have absolute priority, they should and have the responsibility to take action to prevent collisions. Anti-collision rules: When flying, there are usually many paragliders or even different types of aircraft flying in the same airspace, so we should follow the anti-collision rules of air traffic like driving on the ground.

(1) Observe and avoid flying objects during takeoff.

(2) Fast aircraft should be replaced by slow aircraft (the priority of various aircraft in the air is: balloon, paraglider, paraglider, powered parachute, electric glider, ultralight aircraft and general aircraft).

(3) powered aircraft should let unpowered aircraft

(4) In the same direction, the aircraft with high altitude should avoid the aircraft with low altitude.

(5) When two umbrellas at the same height meet head-on, turn right to avoid.

(6) At the same height and in the same direction, the person on the left will avoid the person on the right (but if the person on the left sticks to the mountain, he has priority).

(7) When meeting head-on on the hillside, those who stick to the right mountain are preferred, and those who stick to the left mountain must turn around and avoid those who stick to the right mountain.

(8) When the rear vehicle overtakes the front vehicle, it should overtake from the right side.

(9) When overtaking the front runner on the hillside, overtake the front runner with the mountain (in case the front runner suddenly changes).

(10) When hovering in the hot air area, the latecomers should hover in the same direction as the pioneers.

(1 1) Even if pilots have absolute priority, they should and have the responsibility to take actions to prevent collisions.

(12) Don't fly into the clouds.

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Tips for beginners

Paragliding is an interesting and exciting flight. It usually takes off at the top of a mountain hundreds of meters high, and the take-off site is usually steep, so you must have some courage. First, open the umbrella at the take-off site, check the equipment, confirm that the wind direction and speed meet the flight conditions, and take off decisively under the command of the coach. Don't hesitate at this time, or remember not to take off forcibly before it rains or when the wind exceeds the allowable speed of carrying an umbrella.

If everything is all right, you have already flown in mid-air. At this time, you may be overwhelmed with excitement, and the airflow will make you swing from side to side. Don't worry, the paraglider will automatically keep its balance because of the pendulum principle. When the wind speed is stable, try to find dynamic airflow along the mountain. If you are lucky, you can hover for quite a while. When the weather is fine, the ground is heated by the sun, which makes the surrounding air lighter and produces updraft. If updraft is used, paragliders can rise to several kilometers. The rising speed is sometimes as high as 6-7M/S, which is what pilots dream of. Overlooking the earth at a height of several thousand meters and flying freely like a bird, I suddenly had the ambition to compete with the weather. This situation is not something that ordinary people can feel. After expressing your lofty aspirations, remember to clear your mind and find a suitable venue to prepare for landing. Double skydiving is particularly popular abroad. Its main purpose is to experience the fun of flying, and it has become more and more popular in recent years. Because the coach and the trainees fly together, when the trainees make operational mistakes, they can correct them before the dangerous situation occurs. And from the beginning, it is flying from a height, and the flight time is very long, which can give students enough time to experience. Another purpose of double flight is sightseeing flight, which is most common in tourist resorts in mountainous areas of Europe.

paraglider

Precautions:

1. Beginners should avoid practicing on the hillside, and it is better to practice on a wide flat ground without obstacles.

If the wind speed is too strong, it has no effect on beginners. This situation is suitable for beginners to feel the wind speed, wind pressure and umbrella operation by pulling the umbrella.

3. If the umbrella clothing can't be bulged correctly to make it stand directly above the head, it should be stopped immediately to make the umbrella clothing completely fall to the ground and start again.

When you fly to a venue for the first time, you should ask the local pilots and listen to their opinions. In addition, the acquisition of local meteorological information is also very important.

5. Before the cross-country flight, contact the person in charge of the venue or the team leader at the time of departure as much as possible.

6. Don't change the umbrella type at will. If the manufacturer changes the type of umbrella it sells, it will be tested by its own test pilot.

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Flight warning

1. There are old pilots and reckless pilots in the world, but there are never old and reckless pilots. A skilled pilot is good at using his superb judgment and tries to avoid using his superb technology.

Don't fly when you are in doubt about one aspect of flying.

The most dangerous pilots are those who fly for family, friends or taking pictures.

Unsafe Turbulence Law: If the wind speed changes more than 8 km/h in 4 seconds or less, it will usually cause unsafe factors for paragliding flight. In addition, if the wind speed changes more than half of the stall speed, it is also unsafe.

Landing point should avoid mechanical turbulence: In order to avoid mechanical turbulence caused by objects, the windward landing point distance can be measured from the height of the object, which is equal to the wind speed multiplied by the height of the object, that is, D (downwind landing point distance) =V (wind speed) *H (object height) Example: the wind speed is 10 km/h, and the downwind landing point distance from the object should be 10 times the height of the object.

Conditions during training:

1) The maximum wind speed is 19 km/h, and the ideal wind speed is 8 km/h ~16 km/h.

2) The maximum crosswind direction Z is 30 degrees, and the ideal direction is right.

3) Gust change: within 10 second, the maximum change is 5 km/h, and no change is ideal.

paraglider

4) Slope: In the case of wind, the minimum slope is 20 and the ideal slope is 30.

Pre-take-off inspection:

1) Check whether the whole canopy is torn, punctured, worn, pulled off and stitched, and pay special attention to the front of the lower surface of the canopy.

2) Check whether there is sand, gravel or stones in the umbrella clothing. Even if there is a small amount of these things in the umbrella coat, it will affect its flight performance.

3) Check the continuity of each umbrella rope, whether it is entangled or worn, and remove the adhesion between all hanging ropes.

4) Check the connection between the umbrella rope and the control belt.

5) Ensure the safe connection between the control rope and the collar, and freely check whether the sling system is worn or disconnected through the guide ring. Any of the above problems must be corrected immediately, otherwise it must be grounded immediately.

Safety regulations:

1) It is forbidden to fly alone.

2) It is forbidden to fly under the condition of excessive fatigue.

3) It is forbidden to fly (including drinking) when there is a reaction after taking the medicine.

4) Always wear a helmet during the flight.

5) Whether taking off or landing, you must face the wind.

6) Empty the canopy immediately after landing.

7) One flight can't add more than one new content (such as Z new umbrella, new flight field, etc.). )

8) The wind will complicate the whole flight-the greater the wind, the more complicated it will be.

9) In order to master all aspects of aviation flight, it takes a long time to conduct judgment training.

10) always take a step back from your flying skills.

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