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What's the difference between diskless network and diskless network?
First, from the perspective of school education, teaching and cost, "no disk" is better than "having a disk"

1. Low cost and low price can improve the popularization of information education.

In addition to the floppy drive, CD-ROM drive, hard disk and other equipment, the thin terminal also thins the remaining motherboard, CPU, memory, graphics card, sound card and so on, reducing costs without affecting normal use. Such a terminal can save at least (conservatively estimated) 1000 yuan, and several terminals can save a considerable amount of money, which is definitely not comparable to "having a disk".

2. Good security

"Diskless" because all the software is on the server, and appropriate permissions are set, it can completely put an end to the destruction of the network by the terminal, and the audio-visual technicians in the computer room will no longer have a headache for deleting files. Therefore, the security of "no disk" and "no disk" are not comparable. "Diskless" terminals are easy to upgrade, with low cost, and the traditional fat terminals are updated faster and faster. A fat terminal that may be configured at the top today, 18 months later may become a "junk" configuration and cannot run the latest application software. Moreover, the failure rate is high and the damage is serious. In order to maintain availability, it is necessary to increase the later investment, so that the overall investment will increase a lot, that is, the total cost (TCO) will be high, and it will become a "fat dock". If you want to keep up with the trend, you need to constantly update and upgrade every fat terminal, and of course the cost will increase a lot.

3. Simple management and maintenance, reducing the labor intensity and workload of teachers.

Because it is "diskless", as long as the teacher manages the server well, it means managing the whole network well. As long as the server works normally, it means that the whole network works normally and the workload of teachers is reduced a lot; Because of "no disk", there are a lot fewer hardware devices, which not only saves fixed costs, but also saves huge maintenance costs and reduces the labor intensity of teachers, which is incomparable to "with disk".

4. Stable operation and convenient operation.

When "Diskless" first came out, some consumers were resistant to "Diskless" because of its complicated installation, troublesome operation, unstable operation and high requirements for administrators' professional knowledge. After several years of technical innovation, it is now very mature, and the stability of operation is exactly the same as that of "taking the disk". Installing a fool, installing a "diskless" is as simple as installing several applications. The operation is simpler. When the terminal is started, it directly enters the operation interface, which is exactly the same as "reel". Because "diskless" has good security, all illegal operations will not pose a threat to terminals, networks and servers. Because of its stable performance, simple installation and convenient operation, the professional knowledge requirements for computer room administrators are not very high. In fact, professional companies can shoulder the responsibility of maintenance as long as they train the school's audio-visual technicians.

5. Fast speed, strong support and rich functions.

Due to the continuous innovation of technology, the current "diskless" data is divided into very small data packets, and the data transmission speed is greatly accelerated. The speed of data processing, multimedia transmission and "diskless" is almost the same, which is a qualitative leap compared with the previous "diskless" transmission speed.

Nowadays, because of technological innovation, almost all the software that can run without a disk can run on it and it is very smooth. Due to the improvement of the applicability of diskless software and the rich functions of various multimedia educational software, students' classroom education and teaching have become more lively.

6. Effectively maintain the appearance and scalability

In the current general education system, the appearance of computers should not be changed. At present, there are many manufacturers who provide products for the general education system on the market, and they have made great changes to the whole appearance. This will mislead students' understanding of the overall image of the computer, and it is difficult to carry out some practical operations and entity explanation courses in the school.

The expansion ability must also be retained, because some schools require expanding computer equipment, such as adding a floppy drive, so that students can learn to transfer data on floppy disks. Without the ability to expand, the wishes and requirements of some schools cannot be realized.

7. Keep in touch with the outside world

Diskless is an important tool for electronic information education, and it is also the basic unit of campus network and campus network group (or metropolitan area network). This requires that "diskless" must be unimpeded when contacting the outside world. "Diskless" was developed with this problem in mind. According to the actual situation and different needs of the school, we can use different ways to contact with the outside world, such as ADSL, Gigabit broadband access, modem dial-up internet access, sending e-mail, VoIP, virtual host, virtual website and so on. You can really feel it in "no disk".

Since the advanced "diskless" has been put into the market, it has won the favor of school users with its unique cost performance. However, due to the lack of understanding of "Diskless" by school users, the use of "Diskless" in the teaching classroom is still very persistent, and the popularization of "Diskless" is slow, which leads to the school in the new network environment not learning the lesson of using "Diskless" in the teaching classroom, resulting in a new round of waste of resources. To this end, the author will start from the following aspects. Quot no disk "for a comprehensive introduction.

Second, from a technical point of view, "diskless" will occupy a major position in the network environment.

1. Taking PXE Windows98 "diskless" as an example, we can know that "diskless" is better than "diskless" from a technical point of view.

(1) The early "diskless" stations were mostly pieced together by hand, with poor consistency, unreliable operation and frequent collision with the mouse.

From 1994- 1996, the "diskless" basic framework mostly adopts Netware 3.112 of Nove1as the operating platform of the server, and the thin terminal is logged in by IPX. At that time, it was called IPX "diskless", and most applications were mainly DOS. This method has been eliminated at present.

(2) From 1996- 1999, RPL's diskless login (remote initial program loading) gradually occupied the market, and most servers chose Netware4. 1 or Windows NT4.0 servers. During this period, due to the strong support of Microsoft, the online version of Windows95 was launched in its Windows95 product series, which included the network installation command Netsetup. In the following years, RPL diskless Windows95 has been the leader among diskless windows. However, the "diskless" startup process of RPL is to initialize the network card after the terminal is turned on. The software solidified on the network card boot Rom broadcasts a FIND frame to the network, that is, a boot request frame, which contains the network card ID number of the thin terminal. After receiving the FIND frame broadcast by the thin terminal, the remote startup server on the server side looks for the corresponding thin terminal record in the remote departure database according to the network card ID number carried in the frame. Without such a record, the boot process cannot continue. If the thin terminal record already exists, the remote startup service sends a discovery frame to the BootRom chip of the thin terminal, and the discovery frame already contains the network card ID of the terminal. According to the ID number of the server network card contained in the received FOUND frame, send, FILD, FILE and REQUEST frames are returned to the corresponding server to request the server to send the file. After receiving the send, file and request frame, the server-side remote departure service will search the corresponding boot block according to the thin terminal record in the remote departure database. Send the startup block back to the BootRom of the thin terminal with file, DAT and reply frame. After collecting all files, DAT and response frames, BootRom turns the execution point to the entrance of the startup block and starts the diskless terminal. However, RPL diskless has been replaced by PXE technology because of its unstable operation, complex configuration and cumbersome installation software.

(3) PXE is an upgraded version of RPL. The difference between them is that RPL is a static route and PXE is a dynamic route. PXE adopts TCP/IP communication protocol, which can connect to the Internet efficiently and reliably. After the PXE thin terminal is turned on, it performs a self-check before the Boot Rom gains control, and sends out a Bootp/DHCP request after detection to obtain its own IP address. After receiving the sent request, the server will return a Bootp/DHCP response, including the IP address of the diskless terminal, the default gateway and the boot image file. The thin terminal boot Rom downloads the boot image file from the server through TFTP communication protocol, and then boots the system through the boot image file.

(Implementation of Windows2000 thin terminal: Windows2000 itself can't start the diskless terminal. You must use third-party software to start the diskless terminal to DOS state, and then add the terminal service option that comes with Windows 2000. Then install the mate Frame 1.8 and mate Frame 1.8 patch 2 or patch 3 from Citrix, and immediately install the client software. First, create a DOS terminal installation floppy disk on the server, copy all the files in the installation floppy disk to the C disk mapped by the terminal on the server, then execute the install command, and then configure the terminal connection. Set the connection properties, automatic login settings and color resolution settings, and then start the terminal after everything is completed. You will find that the operation interface of the terminal is exactly the same as that on the server, and the speed is exactly the same as that on the server. This is because Windows2000 diskless terminal technology occupies less bandwidth, and has low requirements for the terminal's CPU and memory, which can fundamentally solve the problem of idle old computers. Because all its operations and data processing are carried out on the server, the terminal only plays a role of communication and display. 386 and 486 computers can be transformed at low cost to run most application software under Windows2000 and Windows95/98/2000, and at the same time, they can surf the Internet.

The similarity of the above three technologies, RPL, PXE and Windows2000, is that the terminal sends the startup request signal to the server in different forms through the startup chip of the network card, and the server sends the startup data to the diskless terminal according to different mechanisms after receiving the startup data. After the diskless terminal downloads the startup data, the control right of the system is transferred from the boot rom to some specific areas in the memory to boot the operating system. After that, all operations and data processing are processed interactively in memory by the server or local CPU, and then transmitted to the server for storage through the network. All data are exchanged quickly and orderly in a certain way in the form of data packets on the network, and the speed depends on the processing capacity of the terminal and server CPU. Through the test: 50 machines of different grades are started at the same time, the CPU with strong processing ability is fast, and the CPU with weak processing ability is slow, and the maximum network traffic can't reach 100M (when more than 50 machines are started, the network bandwidth can be increased to 200M). It doesn't matter whether the thin terminal has a hard disk. All terminals with the same level of disks call data from their own hard disks, put it into memory for processing, and then return it to the hard disk for storage, so that the whole network is almost idle, and its speed is also determined by the processing capacity of CPU. This process is not essentially different from diskless operation. Under the condition that the network can completely solve all problems, it is not a scientific choice to let the network idle and increase valuable memory.

Three, from the technical indicators and performance, "no disk" can meet the requirements of the same level of "disk" environment.

Management comparison:

"Diskless" only requires the operation of the server and the teacher's computer, that is, according to the correct operating procedures of the computer, and there is no requirement for the operation of the thin terminal, which will not destroy any files.

In addition to the correct operating procedures of the server and the teacher, "having a disk" should be carried out in accordance with the correct operating procedures of each fat terminal. Once ignored, there will be illegal operation or even reinstallation of the system.

Maintenance comparison:

"Diskless" only needs to maintain the server and the teacher's computer, and the thin terminal can be ignored, so the maintenance is very simple and convenient.

"Having a disk" requires not only the maintenance of the server and the teacher's computer, but also the maintenance of each student's fat terminal. The workload can be imagined.

Fourth, from the functional point of view, "no disk" is no less than "with disk"

1. "Diskless" also has the function of broadcasting teaching.

It can play multimedia information (such as teaching courseware). ) such as the computer screen and the voice of the teacher's computer are transmitted to all, groups or individual students in real time. It can be broadcast to single subjects, some students and all students.

Using the functions of electronic blackboard and whiteboard, teachers can realize all the functions on the ordinary blackboard.

2. "Diskless" also has the function of phonetic teaching.

The voice of the teacher's computer can be broadcast to all students, groups or individual students in real time.

3. "Diskless" also has a screen monitoring function.

Teachers can monitor each student's terminal screen in real time and observe the students' learning situation, so that teachers can watch each student's computer operation on the computer without leaving their seats. Multi-screen (maximum 16) and single-cycle monitoring can be carried out for a single student, a group or all students.

4. "Diskless" also has the function of remote tutoring.

Teachers can remotely take over the selected student terminal, control the keyboard and mouse of the student terminal, remotely control the students, help the students complete the learning operation, and carry out "hands-on" interactive tutoring teaching. In this process, teachers can lock or allow students to operate the keyboard and mouse of the terminal at any time.

5. "Diskless" also has the function of teaching demonstration.

Teachers can use the broadcast teaching function when conducting screen monitoring and remote tutoring. Teachers can choose a student terminal as a demonstration, and students can perform demonstration teaching instead of teachers. The screen and sound of students' terminal can be played to other students, which can increase students' sense of participation in teaching and improve their enthusiasm for learning.

6. "Diskless" also has the function of teacher-student intercom.

Teachers can have real-time two-way conversations with any designated students, and teachers can choose whether to allow other students to participate.

7. "Diskless" also has the function of group discussion.

Teachers can randomly group students in the classroom. Students in each group can communicate through words, voices and electronic whiteboards. You can join any group at any time to participate in the discussion. Allow multiple students to speak in a group at the same time.

8. Diskless also has the function of an electronic forum.

Teachers can choose one or more students to discuss in groups and communicate through words, voices and electronic whiteboards. Students who are not in the discussion group are not disturbed.

9. "Diskless" also has the function of sending messages.

Imitating the function of e-mail, teachers and students can choose to send messages to each other, and at the same time provide the functions of inserting and cutting and copying attachments. The classroom can allow or prohibit students from using the message sending function.

10. "Diskless" also has electronic emergency response function.

Teachers use electronic forums and electronic whiteboards to ask questions and organize students to answer questions. The process of answering questions is controlled by the teacher.

1 1. "Diskless" also has the function of raising hands electronically.

With the electronic hand-raising function, students can call the teacher at any time. Teachers can answer and check the students who raise their hands at any time through voice and text (note: because many online classrooms are different from traditional classrooms, they are not necessarily checkerboard patterns, but have circular and fan-shaped placement patterns. Therefore, this function can not omit the students who raise their hands, but also distinguish the order of raising their hands.

12. "Diskless" also has remote command function.

The remote command function allows teachers to remotely run and close the application software on the student terminal.

13. "Diskless" also has local command function.

The local command function allows the teacher to remotely run and close the application software on the teacher terminal.

14. "Diskless" also has file transfer function.

Teachers can send terminal application software, text files, pictures and other data to designated students, groups or all students.

15. "Diskless" also has the function of online cinema.

Teachers can play VCD, SVCD, DVD and other files and CDs to selected students through the network.

16. "Diskless" also has the functions of remote reset, remote shutdown and system locking.

Teachers can remotely reset and close the selected student terminal, lock and unlock the mouse and keyboard of the student terminal, and stop or resume the operation of the student terminal.

17. "Diskless" also has the function of electronic black screen.

Teachers can mute individual, part or all students with a black screen, and lock the screen and keyboard so that students can concentrate on the class.

18. "Diskless" also has remote management function.

Teachers can set the desktop layout, screen size, sound card volume and dubbing scheme of students' computers in this machine.

19. "Diskless" also has multi-channel teaching function.

In the LAN environment, multiple teachers can be supported to teach at the same time. Like TV channels, students can receive the teaching content of any channel under the control of teachers.

20. Diskless also has the function of a virtual network classroom.

Teachers and students can quickly set up virtual network classrooms anytime and anywhere within the local area network, but teachers and students are not necessarily in the same classroom.

According to the above functions, realize computer technology, that is, solve the problem of realizing video and sound multimedia technology on the Internet? Quot Diskless combines audio-visual multimedia technology and diskless technology in a scientific way, and it is also transmitted in a 100-megabit network in the form of data packets. Because of the integration of many technologies, there is no special requirement for bandwidth in data packet transmission, and all 100-megabit networks can transmit easily. Therefore, multimedia communication technology can be effectively and quickly realized in "diskless" and "diskless" technologies. Because "diskless" bandwidth does not affect data transmission, the processing power of CPU is the key to their realization. When the CPU in the diskless network is the same as that in the diskless network, there is almost no difference between diskless and diskless in the realization of multimedia communication technology, so diskless technology can achieve the same effect technically with its excellent performance and diskless, which fully meets the teaching requirements of the syllabus.

Five, from the comprehensive cost and maintenance workload and life, "no disk" is far better than "with disk".

1. It is very common for a school to have about 50 students in a class, but it is also the best number of "diskless" classrooms. Because there are many "diskless" classrooms, the average cost of switches and servers allocated to each information point is much lower. You can calculate an account. If the "diskless" station with PXE technology is adopted, each information point is 2000 yuan (including: monitor, thin terminal host, keyboard and mouse), and 54 information points 108000 yuan; 1 teacher computer 4000 yuan (monitor, 128M memory, 20G hard disk host, keyboard and mouse, etc. ); 1 server 6800 yuan (dual CPU, 60G hard disk, 5 12M memory); 5200 yuan for 2 switches (2 Lenovo D-link switches with 27 ports); Complete software 1300 yuan; Classroom wiring 1500 yuan. Except that each thin terminal needs 25,000 yuan, each information point increases by 463 yuan, that is, each information point is 2,463 yuan after sharing, and the equipment expenditure of a network classroom with 54 thin terminals is133,000 yuan. The project cost is 20,000 yuan, totaling153,000 yuan, with an average of 2,834 yuan per information point.

For classrooms with disks, each information point is 4,000 yuan, and 54 information points are 216,000 yuan; 1 teacher computer; 2 switches; Complete software 1300 yuan; Classroom wiring can save the server, and the actual expenditure is18,200 yuan, but the engineering cost is increased to 25,000 yuan. A total of 259,200 yuan. The average information point is 4800 yuan.

2. From the depreciation rate, the annual depreciation rate of high-tech equipment is 15%, the residual value after "no disk" to 24 months (2 years) is 1 10542.5 yuan, and the residual value after "with disk" to 24 months (2 years) is1.

3. According to the daily maintenance cost and damage rate.

"Diskless" for two years, change the keyboard and mouse for the thin terminal at most, and the server can be upgraded with the development of technology and content, with little money; But after two years, the 1/5 fat terminal may be damaged beyond use, and the keyboard and mouse should be replaced. The software upgrade cost of each terminal is much higher than that of "diskless". Daily maintenance costs are also much higher than "diskless".

4. In two years, the residual value of "no disk" is 79,866.96 yuan, and that of "with disk" is135,304 yuan. However, "diskless" can continue to be used, and the "diskless" network classroom may no longer be available, and the available terminals will be reduced to 35.

From the above comparison, it can be seen that "no disk" is much superior to "with disk" in the long run from the aspects of cost, maintenance and damage rate.

Six, from the overall situation of the school-to-school communication project, "no disk" has great flexibility and decisive position.

10 on June 25th, 2000, the national conference on popularizing information technology education in primary and secondary schools was held in Beijing, which clearly stated that 90% of independent primary and secondary schools should achieve the following goals within 5- 10 years: offering information technology education courses and integrating subject teaching; Realize the "school-to-school communication" project. Experts suggest that it is one of the best solutions to realize the "school-to-school communication" project to promote it through four levels: remote information point, network classroom, campus network and campus network group (including metropolitan area network). And "no disk" is the most important level. "Diskless" is flexible, as few as a few computers can form a network classroom, which is not expensive and is equivalent to a remote information point. For example, taking 8 terminals in a classroom as an example, its configuration includes: 1 teacher fat terminal (monitor, 128M memory, 20G hard disk, keyboard and mouse) 5000 yuan; 8 student thin terminal (monitor, 64M memory, keyboard, mouse) 16000 yuan; 1 switch 1600 yuan (8 ports); Complete software 1300 yuan; Wiring 500 yuan; The project cost is 5000 yuan; The total is 29,400 yuan. Dozens to hundreds of computers can form several network classrooms. Taking 54 thin terminals as an example, the average cost per classroom is only about150,000 yuan. Multiple network classrooms and a simple network management center can form a campus network environment.

Some experts sum up "board" and "no board" as follows: "board" binds teachers and liberates companies; "Diskless" liberated teachers and bound the company. "Diskless" actually means that the professional company should really teach the maintenance knowledge to the audio-visual technicians of the school, which also liberates the company and makes the human resources of the school be used reasonably.

Through the above analysis, the author recommends the use of "diskless" in the teaching class, but in other occasions of the school, such as teachers' lesson preparation room, office or corridor, the fat terminal can still be used. Nothing is absolute, only relative.

2 1 century, an important issue of education reform is how to cultivate innovative talents. How to cultivate students' ability to explore and discover knowledge, school education should not only let students learn certain knowledge, but more importantly, let students explore and discover knowledge by themselves. And they have the ability of self-creation, problem analysis and problem solving, so that they can explore knowledge in the process of trying, making mistakes and correcting mistakes. The "diskless" recommended in this paper is based on the above viewpoint, which provides a feasible network environment for the informationization of education. With such an environment, it will promote the modernization of education, promote teaching reform, emphasize students' dominant position in the learning process, and maximize the development of students' personality. It can cultivate learners' ability to find and solve problems.