On Modern Design and Its Development Trend Zhou Liang (Department of Architectural Environment Art, Xi Xi Academy of Fine Arts, Shaanxi Province, 7 10065) The development time of modern design is only over a hundred years, and it has also experienced numerous changes and genre changes since its emergence. So how did modern design come into being and develop, and in what direction will it continue to move forward? This article will make a brief discussion on this. Modern design; Modernism; Style genre 1. The historical background of modern design is as early as18th century, and the design activities are mainly based on handicrafts. Design and production are often done by individuals independently, and there is no fine division of labor at all. The object of design service is only for the upper class, and the design right is completely controlled by the ruling class such as the monarch and the church. Therefore, it is inevitable to reflect the delicate and artificial style in the design. Baroque and Locke styles in the 18th century and Victorian styles in the 19th century are typical cases of this situation. By the end of18th century, society became increasingly polarized, and industrialized production and bourgeois ideology began to flourish on a large scale. Modern design is produced with the large-scale development of industrial production. From the long history of modern design, it has developed for more than one hundred years, but until the end of World War II, its development was still limited to application, and few people engaged in theoretical research. The reason for this situation is very simple. The development time of modern design is still short, and it is an applied subject. It seems that there is no need to study it in many people's minds. Only in recent decades, the research on the history and theory of modern design has been gradually paid attention to. 2. The concept and category of modern design 2. 1 The basic conceptual design of design refers to the activity process of conveying a method of planning, planning, imagining and solving problems through visual means. Its core content includes three aspects: 1, the formation of scheme and conception; Influenced by modern marketing, social psychology, ergonomics, etc. 2. Visual communication; Manual drawing, computer production, model scrutiny, etc. Depending on the specific needs) 3. The specific application after scheme communication (closely related to the technical conditions generated by design requirements). From a historical point of view, its definition is also very simple, mostly focusing on the relationship between function and form. Such as the use function (purpose); Material and technical conditions (foundation); Design modeling (aesthetic conception). Modern design is also regarded as a means to solve function, create market and change behavior, not just as a means to solve the relationship between function and form. Traditional design is different from modern design because of different factors affecting planning and conception. The most fundamental difference between the two is that modern design is closely related to industrial production and modern civilization, which traditional design does not have. Therefore, modern design is the inevitable product of industrial mass production technology. 2.2 Category of Modern Design The category of modern design is very extensive, involving architectural design, environmental art design, modern interior design, exhibition design, landscape design and so on. It also includes graphic design, industrial modeling design, advertising planning design, clothing design, textile design, photography, film and television production and so on. At present, the professional classification of design is more and more detailed, and many new design disciplines and categories are constantly derived, such as street furniture design, product design, jewelry processing design, film and television animation design and so on. With the development of time and the growth of human social demand, new design industries will emerge continuously. 2.3 the attributes of modern design whether modern design belongs to engineering or art-centered liberal arts has always been a concern. The scope of design itself is very extensive and complex, so to distinguish its attributes, it is necessary to determine its attributes according to different design types. For example, industrial design and architectural design tend to be engineering because they are closely related to engineering technology, while graphic design, interior design and advertising design are closely related to the expression of aesthetic feeling, so they should tend to be liberal arts. Art, as a pure artistic activity, is a relatively personalized process of artists, a process of self-expression and self-expression, while the design category is a process of serving others. The former is for oneself, and the latter is for others, for society and for the market. There are some differences between the two in the attribution of service objects. Although both engineering design and art design belong to the big concept of "design", there are essential differences. Engineering design is to solve the relationship between things in man-made objects, and it is also the coordination problem between objects themselves. For example, the relationship between automobile clutch and throttle; And art design is to solve the relationship between man-made things and people, and it is the coordination problem between people and things. Such as the beauty and comfort of the car. In this way, it is not so difficult to distinguish the conceptual attributes of engineering design and artistic design. The design concept in this paper belongs to the concept category of related art design. 2.4 The universality of modern design shows that modern design is universal all over the world. In today's society, there are basically two ways of communication between people: one is the direct communication between people through language and body movements, and the other is the communication between people through a large number of common signs, advertisements, charts and general products, which are relatively common, such as: the design of international airports around the world is relatively close; Computer windows and computer keyboards are basically the same all over the world; All soft drinks are basically the same in packaging design and opening method, and so on. All these fully reflect the great role of design in promoting communication. It is precisely because of the role of design that the world is getting closer and closer, and people's communication is getting easier and more convenient, which also promotes the emergence of the concept of "global village". 3. The great influence of Bauhaus and modern design education 3. 1 Bauhaus's design education in most countries is based on the Academy of Fine Arts. However, the early design education of science and engineering was carried out separately. The most famous one was the Bauhaus School of Design established by 19 19 in Germany, which is also the first college in the world to develop design education completely, which can be said to be an unprecedented design education reform. This college was founded by the famous German architect and theorist Gropes. During this period, it underwent two relocations (Weimar and Dessau) and three principal changes (Gropes, Hans Meyer and Mies Van der Rohe) until/kloc-0 was forcibly closed by the Nazi government in 933. It can be concluded that Bauhaus School of Design (19 19- 1933) existed in World War I (1914-1918) and World War II (2). 3.2 Bauhaus's great contribution to modern design education is mainly manifested in: emphasizing standardization, collective work style and scientific work style, turning the education center from the outside to the inside to solve problems, creating various studios, creating educational methods for basic courses, and innovating ergonomics. Its creation really laid a solid foundation for modern design. Modern design education and modern design basically started to develop at the same time. At present, with the continuous development of its own system, the discipline has begun to improve and the teaching direction has begun to be clear. However, modern and even today's design education is still inseparable from Bauhaus's creation and contribution. 4. The content and essence of modernist design represent three basic factors that lead to the emergence of modernist thought: negative attitude towards tradition: denying that the previous design was only aimed at the form of royal power, church and nobility, and to a great extent denying the traditional concepts and working methods; Emphasize that design should have a strong sense of the times: every design work can reflect a strong spirit of the times; The change of the thinking mode of the design service object: the change of the modern design service object also determines the great reversal of its thinking mode, and the design no longer takes luxury as the aesthetic standard, thus turning to the practical and generous aesthetic trend. 4.2 The first generation of modernist design masters The first generation of modernist design masters are representative: a) Glocks: he opposed stylism and emphasized design for the people; B) Miss Van der Rohe: Advocating the design concept of "less is more", and subtraction design is also advocated by him (continued on page 157) (continued on page 154); C) le corbusier: "The beauty of machinery" is the design technique that he pursues all his life, and "Langxiang Church" is his famous masterpiece. Later, he became a representative of barbarism, a branch of internationalism. E) Wright: Pursuing style all one's life and designing for the rich can't really represent all the spiritual essence of modernist architecture in a sense. As the first generation of modernist designers, these masters contributed a lot to the development of modern design, but because of the outbreak of World War II, these designers had to make new choices. After the end of World War II, a large number of Bauhaus teachers and students moved to the United States, including the first batch of modernist designers. They combined with the affluent society in the United States and finally developed Bauhaus's influence into a new design style-internationalist style. Therefore, it can also be said that the internationalist style is the development of post-modernism. 5. Decline of Modernism and Internationalism Style After World War II, Internationalism design developed by Bauhaus in Germany became the main design style in western countries, which prevailed in 1950s and 1970s. Internationalism is the development of modernism after the war, which comes down in one continuous line with design style. Both pre-war modernism and post-war internationalism have the characteristics of simple form, anti-decoration, emphasis on function, high rationality and systematization. Influenced by Smith's "less is more", internationalist designers developed the characteristics of formal reductionism in the second half of 1950s. In order to realize the basic principles of reductionist design, they began to betray the basic principles of modernist design and only maintained and exaggerated the characteristics of modernism in form. Therefore, the challenges and attacks from post-modernism (high-tech style, deconstruction style, neo-modernism style and "pop" style) are also being cleaned up. 6. Future development trend of modern design 6. 1 The exploration of designers and the development law of "negation of negation" Many designers are eager to know what is the latest and most fashionable practice at present. In my opinion, from the perspective of the history of development, it is "only the trees can't see the forest", and it is not advisable to blindly pursue the form without understanding the context of development, and the design that is taken out of context and has little knowledge. In a way, design is also a double-edged sword. Therefore, only by fully understanding the development and evolution of the whole design history can we judge whether our behavior is accurate or not, and only by "inheriting the past" can we "develop". A person who forgets his own nation and country cannot be a competent designer. The development process from modernism with the same connotation and different details to neo-modernism design basically conforms to the law of "negation of negation" of philosophical dialectics. The development of modern design is a spiral process. 6.2 Although it is impossible to predict the emergence and development of the new design movement school in the future, it is basically maintained on the basis of modernism in modern architecture, and the diversified development is certain. As a designer himself, everyone should bear the burden of history, have keen insight and a high degree of professionalism. Contribute to the development of modern design.