1 Construction characteristics of water conservancy projects
Water conservancy project construction is one of the modernization projects, which has the following characteristics: ① Great social impact. Water conservancy project is a livelihood project, which is put forward to solve the uneven distribution of water resources. It has important social benefits by regulating the distribution of water resources and meeting people's daily needs. ② The working environment of water conservancy project construction is hard. Engineering construction is systematic, large-scale, and large in regional span, mostly concentrated in arid areas, which is greatly influenced by natural environmental factors; (3) The water conservancy project construction task is heavy and the progress is tight. Water conservancy project is a national key project with heavy construction tasks and high construction quality requirements.
2 problems existing in water conservancy project supervision
2. 1 Irregular market order
The main problems are: ① the market order of water conservancy project supervision is chaotic and vicious competition appears; (2) The government intervention is not obvious, which leads to the nonstandard supervision market, and even the problem that the project leader intervenes in supervision at will; (3) The responsibility of the project legal person is not clear, and the responsibility has not been implemented, which leads to the arbitrary compression of the construction period, and the supervision can not obtain the compliance supervision of the construction period; (4) The bidding process of water conservancy projects is greatly influenced by market factors, and the supervision quality of the winning supervisor is not high, and the supervisor is unqualified; ⑤ The investment of construction and supervision funds is not in place, and the efficiency of capital operation is low; ⑥ There are unreasonable supervision methods such as repeated supervision and multi-head supervision in supervision work.
2.2 The overall quality of supervisors is low.
There are some problems in the supervision team, such as low quality of supervisors and unclear role positioning. China's laws and regulations on the supervision market are not perfect, supervisors lack the ability to master policies, and the policies of supervision projects are not operable, which often leads to the phenomenon of exploiting loopholes in the system. There is no accurate index for the evaluation method of the project by the supervisor, and the appraisal result of the project is not authoritative. In addition, the supervisor is bound by the owner. In order to protect the interests of the owners, some supervisors dare not act according to the principles of supervision, which violates the objective facts of supervision, harbors the owners, and the supervision results lack objectivity.
2.3 supervision service fee is too low
In the construction of water conservancy projects, construction is still dominant, the position of supervision is too low, and the supervision service fee is not high, which leads to the failure to achieve the supervision goal due to the shortage of funds. Supervision enterprises can't get the corresponding supervision service fee, can't realize their own development, and have insufficient supervision motivation. Supervisors can't get the corresponding labor remuneration, lose confidence in the supervision industry, the industry can't grow, and it is difficult for excellent supervisors to enter the supervision bank. The effectiveness of supervision can not be fully exerted, and the existence of supervision is only a decoration, which leads to many internal control loopholes in engineering projects.
2.4 The cooperation between the constructor and the supervisor is low.
In order to conceal the unqualified situation of the construction project, the construction unit hired close supervisors to supervise, and the supervision report was suspected of being false. The construction party is not interfered by the supervisor, the construction procedure is not standardized and the flow is inaccurate, the cooperation between the construction party and the supervisor is low, and even the construction party and the supervisor are fragmented.
3 Measures to solve the problems in water conservancy project supervision
3. 1 Rectify the market order of water conservancy projects
Relevant policies should be issued to standardize the supervision market order, strengthen the legal awareness of the supervisor, the builder and the constructor, improve the construction of the water conservancy project market, standardize the construction activities of the water conservancy project, and use the system to restrain the irregular behavior of the supervision market. Strengthen the qualification examination of supervisors, standardize the market access threshold, severely investigate and deal with supervisors who are undocumented, have false certificates and hold other people's certificates, and eliminate the unqualified quality of supervisors from the source of the market. In addition, strengthen the responsibility consciousness of the project leader, implement the responsibility system, clarify the responsible subject of the person in charge, and follow the market principle in the selection of the supervision team. It is strictly forbidden for the supervision team to subcontract. The person in charge of the project not only organizes the project completion acceptance, but also coordinates the relationship among the owner, the constructor and the supervisor. Reasonable suggestions put forward by the supervisor should be considered and adopted appropriately. At the same time, standardize the way the supervision team undertakes business, adopt the way of formal bidding, and prohibit all ways to undertake business by means of relationship and back door.
3.2 improve the quality of supervisors
The professional quality of supervisors plays a key role in the supervision quality of the whole water conservancy project. Supervision enterprises raise the threshold for supervisors to enter the industry, and relevant departments play an audit role, give warnings to unqualified supervisors to enter the supervision industry, and investigate and notify the person in charge of the supervision enterprise. China issued the policy of holding certificates in time and improved the registration system of supervisors in time. The certification supervisor has the certification qualification number in the system. At the same time, strengthen the pre-job training of supervisors, and prove the validity of the certificate through regular training and assessment. New supervisors in the supervision industry should have pre-job practice, and supervision enterprises should arrange experienced supervisors to give them pre-job guidance in time. The supervisor's technology also needs innovation to keep pace with the times. Water conservancy projects are affected by many factors, and supervision needs a keen eye to improve supervision quality in complex and diverse engineering construction.
3.3 standardize the supervision service price
Supervision enterprises should improve the treatment and labor remuneration of supervisors, so as to improve the enthusiasm of supervision work and attract more high-quality supervision talents to enter the supervision industry. When the supervisor negotiates the supervision business with the employer, it should be clear about the independent status of the supervisor, the supervision fee should be included in the project budget, the supervision content should be clear, and the service fee of each specific supervision index should be reasonable. The state controls the price of supervision services from policies and systems, uses administrative means to carry out macro-control on the price, improves the bidding management methods, and strengthens the self-discipline of the supervision industry.
3.4 Improve the cooperation between the contractor and the supervisor.
The supervisor should define the supervision role in the project and give full play to the positive supervision role. In the process of supervision, seek the help of the owner and the constructor in time. Even if there are differences with both sides in supervision, we should make a clear position and clarify our supervisory responsibilities and obligations. The project party shall designate a special person to be responsible for communication, and the person in charge shall take active measures to strengthen communication between the construction party and the supervision party and strengthen cooperation between the two parties. For the construction problems that cannot be negotiated, written materials should be submitted to the higher authorities in order to obtain unified guidance and coordination from the higher authorities.
3.5 the general supervision engineer responsibility system.
The main steps are as follows: ① Effectively solve the problem of nominal directors. At present, it is common in China that a chief supervision engineer undertakes several projects at the same time, so it is necessary to carry out strict assessment on the chief supervision engineer to effectively solve the situation that the supervision work is not in place and the supervision is not responsible; ② Attention must be paid to the follow-up work of bidding. After winning the bid, the chief supervision engineer is required to build a dynamic management database information system for the director to ensure the smooth and efficient supervision work; ③ Implement the post responsibility system at all levels. The post responsibility system is applicable to supervisors, supervision engineers and chief supervision engineers, and their corresponding responsibilities are defined, and a reasonable reward and punishment system is implemented. Ensure that all levels of work can be carried out with good quality and quantity.
3.6 Strictly implement the whole process supervision of water conservancy projects.
In addition to the above measures, the strict implementation of the whole process supervision of water conservancy projects is also an important measure to ensure its good construction quality. At present, water conservancy project supervision usually adopts the mode of in-process or after-event, which reduces the intensity and workload of supervision work and has achieved certain results. But in fact, neither of these two modes can effectively guarantee the quality of water conservancy projects. In view of this, it is very necessary to implement the whole process supervision of water conservancy projects. First of all, the supervision unit should be fully familiar with the detailed information of specific water conservancy projects before work, and also need to formulate scientific and reasonable supervision measures and select good methods and personnel in combination with the construction objectives, quality requirements and progress of specific water conservancy projects. Do a good job in the preparatory work for supervision to lay a solid foundation for ensuring the smooth construction and quality of water conservancy projects; Secondly, in the process of water conservancy project construction, supervision units should not only carry out various supervision work in strict accordance with relevant methods and requirements, but also adopt all-weather supervision methods for some key construction contents of water conservancy projects. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen communication with the builders and owners, which can not only ensure the smooth development of supervision work, but also lay a foundation for ensuring the good construction quality of water conservancy projects; Finally, in the post-event supervision of water conservancy project, the supervision unit should check and accept the project together with the construction party and the owner, and point out which parts of the project are not up to standard according to their professional knowledge, and whether the indicators meet the construction requirements. Only when all the contents of water conservancy projects meet the requirements can they be signed for confirmation.
4 conclusion
Engineering supervision is of great significance to the construction of water conservancy projects. Supervisors should be clear about their responsibilities and missions, and conscientiously complete the supervision work in accordance with China's relevant legal systems and industry norms. Moreover, by rectifying the market order of water conservancy projects, improving the quality of supervisors, standardizing the price of supervision services, improving the cooperation between builders and supervisors, and implementing the overall supervision engineer responsibility system, the whole process of water conservancy projects can be effectively supervised, thus effectively improving the supervision quality of water conservancy projects.
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