The application of OHSAS 1800 1 certificate issued by SGS company is well known. In people's work activities or working environment, there are always such potential hazards, which may cause property losses, harm the environment, affect human health and even cause injury accidents. These hazards are chemical, physical, biological, ergonomic and other kinds. People refer to the possibility of one or some dangers causing accidents and their possible consequences as risks. Risk can be evaluated by indicators such as probability of occurrence, harm scope and loss size. The object of modern occupational safety and health management is occupational safety and health risks.
The scope of identification is to clarify the basic requirements of the occupational safety and health management system, encourage employers to adopt reasonable principles and methods of occupational safety and health management, control their occupational safety and health risks, and continuously improve their occupational safety and health performance. The audit standard of occupational safety and health management system is specially formulated.
This specification applies to anyone who wishes to:
(1) Establish an occupational safety and health management system to effectively eliminate and minimize the risks that employees and other relevant personnel may suffer related to employer activities;
(2) Implement, maintain and continuously improve the occupational safety and health management system;
(3) Ensure to follow the occupational safety and health policy stipulated by it;
(4) to show the society the principles of occupational safety and health work;
(5) Seek external organizations to certify and register its occupational safety and health management system;
(6) Self-assessment and statement in accordance with this specification.
All requirements put forward in the specification are aimed at helping employers to establish an occupational safety and health management system, and its applicability depends on the employer's occupational safety and health policy, the characteristics of activities, the nature of risks and the complexity of operations.
The first step in the identification process is enterprise demand analysis (clear enterprise demand analysis and potential demand analysis).
The second step, consultation process planning (review of routine work results in the whole consultation stage of work plan)
Step 3: Diagnose the environment/safety management system (make a diagnosis plan, make a diagnosis report on the spot and put forward suggestions for improvement).
Step 4: System analysis/preliminary environmental review (preliminary environmental/hazard assessment audit plan, collection of laws and regulations related to environmental factors/hazards identification and evaluation, collection and collation of basic evaluation information, comprehensive analysis of preliminary environmental assessment report management system)
Step 5: Training provision (basic knowledge training, laws and regulations knowledge training, management system document training, internal auditor training environment/safety protection related ability training identification, preparation of training environment/safety management special training).
Step 6: Design of environment/safety management system (division of environment/safety management business activities, integration of business activity analysis system, design of complete archiving environment system, identification of resource requirements) Step 7: Guidance of document preparation (guidance of document preparation, review of compliance review objectives and indicators, review of management scheme, determination of final draft document, approval and release of document).
OHSAS 1800 1 Identify the eighth step of planning, (review of the realization of system operation guiding objectives and indicators, review of compliance with laws and regulations, two internal audit management reviews, put forward improvement opinions and check the improvement effect).
Step 9: Evaluation and improvement of consulting/implementation effect (written evaluation of enterprises, comparison of losses and costs of enterprises, consulting/adjustment and improvement of implementation methods)
Step 10: Preparation before third-party appraisal (guiding the selection of appraisal institutions to apply for appraisal, simulating on-site audit, proposing rectification measures, and accepting formal appraisal audit) Step 11: Obtaining the certificate after passing the audit.
Consultation process OHSAS 1800 1 Consultation process
Standard publicity and training:
Content, characteristics and operation mode of OSHA 1800 1
The relationship between OSHA 1800 1 and ISO900 1 and ISO 1400 1 standards.
Knowledge of hazard identification and risk assessment
Introduction of occupational safety and health laws and regulations in China
Initial state review:
Initial state evaluation audit plan
Identify and evaluate hazards in the organization.
Collection and evaluation of relevant laws and regulations
Find out the gap between the existing management system and standards.
Planning of occupational safety and health management system;
Formulate the organization's occupational safety and health management policy.
Determine the organization and responsibilities
Formulate occupational safety and health management objectives and management plans.
Analysis of Occupational Safety and Health Management Business Activities and System Integration
Determine resource requirements
System file creation:
Training and Guidance of Archival Writing
Review and finalize the file compliance
Document approval and release
System operation:
System operation guide
Operation training and records of personnel at all levels in various departments.
System evaluation and improvement:
Internal auditor training
Two internal audits
management review
Put forward improvement suggestions and evaluate the improvement effect.
Application ID:
Simulated audit
Identification preparation
casualty loss
The losses caused by accidents caused by risks are various, generally divided into the following aspects:
(1) Life injury of employees themselves and others;
OHSAS 1800 1 Signs (2) Health injuries of employees themselves and others (including psychological injuries);
(3) Damage and loss of data, equipment and facilities (including failure to work normally within a certain period of time or for a long time);
(4) Accident handling expenses (including indirect expenses such as shutdown and accident investigation);
5] The increase of economic burden of organizations and employees;
(6) Mental, psychological and economic injuries and losses of employees themselves and others' families, friends and society;
Once criticized and accused by * * *, industry and public opinion;
(8) The image of the organization is damaged due to legal investigation and news exposure;
(9) Investors or financial departments lose confidence;
⑽ Damage and loss of organizational reputation and loss of business opportunities;
⑾ The market competitiveness of products declines;
(13) Complaints, complaints, criticisms, etc. Employees themselves and others. The loss of occupational safety and health accidents includes direct loss and indirect loss, and the cost of loss far exceeds the cost of medical treatment and disease compensation, that is to say, the indirect loss is generally far greater than the direct loss.
There are two types of factors that cause losses due to accidents caused by risks:
Significance of identification The significance of establishing occupational health and safety system and obtaining identification for enterprises lies in:
Comprehensively standardize and improve the occupational health and safety management of enterprises, minimize all kinds of casualty accidents and occupational hazards, ensure the property safety of enterprises and improve work efficiency;
Improve corporate image, break down trade barriers, be in a favorable position in domestic and international competition, and then increase market share.
Provide a mechanism to continuously meet the requirements of laws and regulations, reduce enterprise risks and prevent accidents;
Improve the relationship between * * *, enterprises and employees, enhance the cohesion of enterprises, and improve the comprehensive competitiveness of enterprises;
Improve the level of financial credit lines and reduce insurance costs.
Personal factors, personal factors include: lack of physical/physiological structural ability, such as height, weight, lack of stretching, sensitivity or allergy to substances; Insufficient thinking/psychological ability, such as insufficient understanding, poor judgment, poor sense of direction, etc. ; Physiological stress, such as feeling overload and fatigue, exposure to extreme temperature, lack of oxygen, etc. Thinking or psychological stress, such as emotional overload, requires extreme concentration/attention, etc. ; Insufficient knowledge, such as insufficient training, misunderstanding, etc. ; Insufficient skills, such as insufficient internship; Incorrect driving force, such as inappropriate colleague competition.
Work and institutional factors Work/institutional factors include: insufficient guidance/supervision, such as unclear or conflicting authorization responsibilities, insufficient decentralization, and insufficient policies, procedures, operating methods or guidelines; Insufficient engineering design, such as insufficient consideration of human factors/ergonomics, insufficient preparation for operation, etc. Insufficient procurement, such as incorrect storage materials or transportation materials, insufficient identification of dangerous goods, etc. ; Insufficient maintenance, such as insufficient lubricating oil and maintenance, and insufficient inspection equipment. ; Insufficient tools and equipment, such as insufficient working standards, abnormal wear and tear of equipment, abuse or misuse. It can be seen that the control of loss is not limited to the scope of personal safety control. Dr Deming and other management scientists found that about 65,438+05% of the problems in a company can be controlled by employees, and about 85% or more problems can be controlled by management. Losses are not "inevitable" costs in enterprise management, but can be prevented and eliminated through management.
The development of occupational safety and health management in 1950s experienced the following stages:
1950s: The main content of occupational safety and health management is to control accidents related to personal injury and prevent accidents from happening again, which is a kind of negative control without considering other issues. 1970s: Loss control was carried out to a certain extent, and some problems related to people, equipment, materials and environment were considered, but it was still passive reaction and passive control. 1990s: Occupational safety and health management has developed to the stage of risk control, and risks caused by personal factors and work/system factors can be fully and actively controlled, which is an active management mode. 265,438+20th century: The research report of the Executive Committee on Safety and Health in Britain shows that it accounts for about 5%-65,438+00% of the profits of British institutions. With the increasing emphasis on personnel safety protection, the requirements of all parties concerned for workplaces and working conditions have also increased. Modern management calls for people-oriented. For the organization. Various organizations pay more and more attention to how to control its operation and consider incorporating occupational safety and health management into their daily management activities. Therefore, occupational safety and health management in the 2 1 century is to control all risks, coordinate loss control with the overall management plan, and realize systematic management. This management system not only needs to consider people, equipment, materials and environment, but also needs to consider human resources, product quality, engineering design, procurement of goods, contract system, legal responsibility and manufacturing scheme. From the expositions of several big British companies, we can see the importance attached by organizations to occupational safety and health management in the 20th century: BP: prevention is cheaper than treatment, benevolence and righteousness do not necessarily conflict with commercial principles, work safety is a good business, and profit and safety are not mutually exclusive. Bates Group, UK: By improving our health and safety system, we saved 750,000 pounds of insurance money. There is no doubt that safety is our most important investment. The question is not how much it cost us, but how much it saved us.
The emergence of occupational safety and health management system, the British Organization for Standardization took the lead in formulating the Guide to Occupational Safety and Health Management System (BS8800: 1996), aiming at ensuring the safety and health of employees and related personnel, improving the internal management of the organization, reducing operational risks and avoiding losses. Occupational safety and health management system embodies the international trend of protecting human rights and has become the new focus of international attention after ISO 9000 quality management system and ISO 14000 environmental management system. Many organizations have established occupational safety and health management systems based on this guide, such as Ponzi, ABB, Hangzhou Steel and Panasonic.
Ways However, BS8800 only provides two ways to establish a system, which is a guiding outline or recommended practice and cannot be used as a basis for system identification. However, there is no general identification standard for the occupational safety and health management system. In this case, in order to meet the appraisal needs of organizations, a few well-known international accreditation bodies have formulated their own occupational safety and health management system appraisal standards on the basis of BS8800.
The concrete expression of interests The significance of establishing an occupational safety and health management system for organizations Although only a few dozen organizations in the world have been recognized by the occupational safety and health management system, it is bound to become a new international trend to establish an occupational safety and health management system and seek recognition. The benefits it brings to the organization are shown in the following aspects:
(l) Obtaining the certificate of occupational safety and health management system through the third-party evaluation, and publishing it to meet the relevant standards, so as to improve the organizational image of the company;
⑵ Reflect managers' concern for employees, establish a "people-oriented" corporate culture, and enhance the cohesion of the company;
⑶ Minimize or eliminate the occupational safety and health risks of the organization's operation, avoid direct/indirect losses caused by related problems, and realize the goal of sustainable operation of the enterprise;
⑷ Improve internal management through systematization and full participation;
5. Commitment to abide by laws, regulations and other requirements, take the initiative to abide by the law, and fulfill the international/social responsibilities of the organization;
Comply with the new trend of international trade.
Judging from the development trend of global system certification and product certification, occupational safety and health management system certification will become a non-tariff trade barrier. Establishing the system as early as possible and identifying it can help organizations seize opportunities in international trade.
On June 9th, 2000, the State Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau issued the Notice on Carrying out the Certification of Occupational Safety and Health Management System (Guo Jian Jian Peijun [2000] No.7), requiring the inspection and quarantine bureaus and certification bodies directly under it to establish a modern enterprise system to promote the export-oriented enterprises in China to improve their competitiveness in the international market.
Background of occupational safety and health management system.
The research report of the British Health and Safety Executive Committee shows that the losses caused by factory injuries, occupational diseases and preventable non-injury accidents account for about 5- 10% of the profits of British enterprises.
The laws and regulations on occupational safety and health in various countries are increasingly strict, and the protection of personnel safety has been paid more and more attention. Relevant coordination measures have been introduced one after another, and the requirements of all parties concerned for workplaces and working conditions have been improved.
For enterprises. All kinds of enterprise organizations pay more and more attention to how to control all kinds of hazards and risks caused by their business activities, products or services to employees, and consider incorporating the management of employees' safety and health into their daily management activities.
Based on the above factors, the British Organization for Standardization (ISO) took the lead in formulating the Guide to Occupational Safety and Health Management System (BS8800: 1996) worldwide, and many enterprises established occupational safety and health management systems based on this guide.
1999 13 internationally renowned appraisal organizations jointly formulated and issued OHSAS 1800 1 occupational safety and health management system specifications.
Control scope of occupational safety and health management institutions
Conventional and unconventional activities
Activities of all personnel near the workplace (including subcontractors and visitors)
Facilities in the workplace, whether provided by the organization or by others.
The management contents generally involved in the occupational safety and health management system include:
Fire control management
Production equipment management
Management of labor protection articles
Motor vehicle management
Office condition management
Medical care management
Key points of occupational safety and health management system
Understand the losses and risks of occupational safety and health through self-assessment.
Formulate management regulations and improvement plans for important occupational safety and health losses and risks.
Implement occupational safety and health management regulations and plans.
Regularly check and evaluate occupational safety and health regulations and plans.
Continuously improve occupational safety and health performance, and promise to abide by laws, regulations and other relevant requirements.
Say what you think, say what you do, and do everything with evidence.
Benefits of establishing occupational safety and health management system in enterprises
Enhance the corporate image of the company.
Enhance the cohesion of the company.
Reduce the occupational safety and health risks of enterprise operation and realize the sustainable operation of enterprises.
Improve internal management.
Avoid direct/indirect losses caused by occupational safety and health problems.
Fulfill the international/social responsibility of the enterprise.
Respond to the new trend of international trade.
2 1 century management trend
Quality management system: ISO900 1:2008
Environmental management system: ISO 1400 1:2004
Occupational safety and health management system: OHSAS 1800 1:2007
Quality management system, environmental management system and occupational safety management system have both individuality and * * *. The management trend of 2 1 century is to apply these three management systems to the daily management of enterprises at the same time, so as to satisfy customers, society and employees.
Significance, necessity and urgency. Necessity and urgency of actively promoting the certification of occupational health and safety management system (OHSAS 1800 1).
(1) China's production safety situation is grim.
With the rapid development of China's economy, the situation of safety in production in China is becoming more and more severe, and the total number of all kinds of casualties is relatively large, which has remained high. Especially serious accidents occur frequently, and the number of patients with occupational diseases is increasing gradually.
⑵ China has accelerated the pace of legislation on occupational safety and health, and the requirements for enterprise safety in production are becoming stricter and stricter.
China has promulgated a large number of safety laws and regulations, especially the Safety Law and the Occupational Disease Prevention Law in 20001and 2002, which put forward mandatory legal requirements and standards for safe production.
⑶ "People-oriented, paying attention to employees' health and safety" has increasingly become an important symbol and good image of modern enterprises.
To sum up, only by establishing a systematic and standardized management system, identifying hazards and controlling the whole process according to the requirements of relevant laws and regulations can organizations (enterprises) achieve continuous improvement and abide by the law.
Organization and main contents
Organization and main contents of OHSAS18001+0 standard.
OHSAS 1800 1 standard consists of 1 scope, two normative reference documents, three terms and definitions, and four elements of occupational health and safety management system.
The standard defines 17 terms, among which "hazard", "risk" and "accident" are four terms with the characteristics of 1800 1
Chapter 4 is the main content of the standard, which stipulates the requirements of occupational health and safety management system. The standard structure is exactly the same as ISO 1400 1, and also consists of five first-level elements, which are divided into 17 second-level elements, reflecting the PDCA cycle and management mode.
Methods and steps. Methods and steps of establishing occupational health and safety management system.
Organization (enterprise) to establish OHSAS, according to OHSAS 1800 1 requirements, combined with the reality of the organization (enterprise), according to the following six steps:
(1) Leadership decision-making and preparation: leadership decision-making, provision of resources, appointment of management representatives, publicity and training.
⑵ Preliminary safety review: identify and determine hazards, identify and obtain safety regulations, analyze the current situation and find out weak links.
⑶ System planning and design: formulate occupational health and safety policies, objectives and management plans; Determine the architecture, responsibilities and file structure
⑷ Preparation of system documents: preparation of occupational health and safety management manual, relevant program documents and operation documents.
5. System trial operation: All departments and employees standardize activities and operations in strict accordance with system requirements.
[6] Internal audit and management review: After the system has been running for more than 2 months, internal audit and management review will be conducted to improve itself.
Condition 1. Conditions for organizations (enterprises) to obtain OHSAS 1800 1 certification.
⑴ Establish a documented occupational health and safety management system according to OHSAS 1800 1 standard.
⑵ The system has been running for more than 3 months, covering all the elements of the standard 17.
(3) Abide by applicable safety laws and regulations, and the accident rate is lower than the average level of the same industry;
(4) It is necessary to obtain the safety evaluation and health evaluation of relevant departments;
Approved by the third party of the appraisal institution authorized by CNCA.
Identification data 1, a valid version of the management system file.
2. A copy of the business license or approval for the establishment of the institution is required.
3, the organization's safety production license certificate
4, production process flow chart or service flow chart
5. Organization chart
6. List of applicable laws and regulations
7. Schematic diagram of geographical location
8, the factory floor plan
9, production workshop layout
10, list of major hazards
1 1, occupational health and safety objectives, indicators and management plan
12, compliance certificate
Get the certificate 1. Handbook of occupational health and safety management.
2. Program files
3. Archives required for occupational health and safety operation control
4. List of laws, regulations and standards related to occupational health and safety management
5. Objectives, indicators and control scheme
6. Management review documents
7. Internal audit documents
8. Records of training arrangements and training implementation related to occupational health and safety management
9. Evaluate the compliance of post personnel engaged in occupational health and safety management.
10. Operation record of occupational health and safety management system
The main change is 1, and the standard name has changed, emphasizing the importance of "health":
Change "Occupational Health and Safety Management System Specification" to "Occupational Health and Safety Management System Requirements"
2. The introduction adds:
The pattern diagram of "Planning, Implementation, Inspection and Improvement (PDCA)" is only given in the introduction, and some diagrams are not given at the beginning of each major clause.
3. Changes in terms and definitions:
① Nine new terms were added, namely: acceptable risk, correction, archives, health damage, occupational health and safety policy, preventive measures, procedures, records and workplace.
② Modify the definition of the term 13, namely: audit, continuous improvement, events, interested parties, nonconformities, occupational health and safety management system, occupational health and safety objectives, occupational health and safety performance, organization, risks and risk evaluation.
(3) Replace "allowable risk" with "acceptable risk".
(4) "Accident" is merged into "Event".
⑤ "Danger source" no longer involves "property loss" and "working environment damage"
6. No longer keep the definition of "safety"
4. Merge 4.3.3 and 4.3.4 of the original standard.
5. Put forward new requirements for the control level of occupational health and safety planning. (3. 1)
6. The new standard emphasizes change management more clearly.
7. Add Article 4.5.2, namely "conformity evaluation".
8. New requirements are put forward for "participation in consultation". ( 4.4.3.2 )
9. New requirements have been put forward for "incident investigation". (4.5.3. 1)