Keywords experimental teaching reform and innovation ability
China Library Classification Number: G642 Document Identification Number: A
The society is progressing and the competition is increasing day by day. As an institution of higher learning that trains and transports talents for enterprises, how to keep pace with the times, constantly reform and update, and ensure the delivery of high-tech talents with innovative ideas and abilities to the society is a guiding issue in the teaching reform of colleges and universities. The key lies in whether the university laboratory can provide a platform for students to establish innovative consciousness and create an experimental environment for students to realize innovative ideas. ① The experimental center of water supply and drainage engineering of Wuhan University of Science and Technology adheres to this concept, analyzes the problems existing in the experimental teaching of water supply and drainage, and has done a lot of experimental teaching reform work, which has achieved good results.
1 Problems in experimental teaching of water supply and drainage engineering
1. 1 The study of specialized courses pays more attention to theory than experiment.
Water supply and drainage engineering is a practical specialty, and experimental teaching plays an important role in the whole professional study. For a long time, the importance of experimental teaching in colleges and universities has mostly stayed in words, and the phenomenon that teaching authorities, teachers and students attach importance to theory and neglect experiments is widespread. It is embodied in the fact that experimental teaching in many colleges and universities is still attached to theoretical teaching, and there is neither an independent course nor a corresponding teaching system and credits. ② The purpose of experimental teaching is not to improve students' comprehensive ability in an all-round way, but to consolidate the theoretical knowledge that has been learned, and it has not risen to the level of cultivating students' practical ability, gradually improving students' ability to independently discover, analyze and solve problems, and finally cultivating innovative talents.
1.2 The experimental setup of specialized courses is relatively small and independent.
Due to the limited class hours of specialized courses and less experimental courses, there are relatively few experimental items in experimental courses. For the major of water supply and drainage engineering, our previous professional experimental teaching mainly included: hydraulics experiment 10 class hours, water analytical chemistry experiment 8 class hours, water treatment microorganism experiment 6 class hours, water treatment experiment 16 class hours (including 8 class hours for water supply and 8 class hours for drainage). The experimental hours are far from meeting the requirements of improving students' practical ability and innovation ability. The experimental courses are independent and not integrated, and students' understanding of specialized courses only stays in theory.
1.3 The experimental project arrangement is unreasonable.
Among the four experiments of water supply and drainage engineering, water quality analytical chemistry experiment, hydraulics experiment and water treatment microorganism experiment are all professional basic experiments, which mainly cultivate basic experimental skills; Water treatment experiment mainly includes water supply treatment experiment and drainage treatment experiment. Due to the limited teaching hours and the limitations of experimental conditions and equipment, cognitive and confirmatory experiments can only be offered in combination with existing teaching methods and teaching hours. Teachers just instill, students just imitate, have no independent thinking, and are in a passive learning state. (3) It is difficult to carry out comprehensive and creative experiments, which leads to students' hands-on ability and innovation ability not being fully exerted. The experimental data obtained are only the reappearance of classroom theory, without their own thinking and innovation, which greatly limits the enthusiasm and exploration of students.
1.4 experimental equipment is lacking and outdated.
With the development of society, science and technology change with each passing day. However, due to the problem of funds, the experimental equipment of university laboratories is generally too old and the new equipment is seriously inadequate. Most of them still use traditional analysis methods, which is far from reality. There is usually only one expensive equipment in the laboratory, which sometimes can't meet the teaching needs of undergraduates. It is time-consuming and laborious to carry out experiments or demonstration experiments in batches, which can't cultivate students' practical ability well.
2. Reform the teaching system and cultivate innovative ability
2. 1 Optimize the experimental teaching content and update the experimental teaching concept.
The content of experimental teaching in colleges and universities must reflect the new direction and level of the development of this discipline, and maintain its novelty and advancement. In order to change the phenomenon that teachers explain too much at present, we should constantly update the experimental teaching content, integrate theory with practice and update the experimental teaching plan at any time according to the characteristics of water supply and drainage engineering specialty and the purpose of cultivating innovative consciousness. In the professional basic experiment, we pay attention to the training of students' basic principles and skills, and cooperate with advanced outdoor portable instruments to make students better combine with reality. In the new experimental teaching, we constantly increase comprehensive and innovative experiments. For example, in the water treatment experiment, a two-week comprehensive experimental design course was specially added, that is, the teacher gave a topic, from the initial experimental principle, scheme design, experimental implementation, experimental result demonstration and experimental report output were all completed by the students themselves, and the teacher no longer taught the students the experiment by hand, but gave guidance, emphasizing the sense of competition and team, so that the students could constantly scrutinize and demonstrate. At the same time, according to the situation of this major, we specially set up an experimental course in the last semester of our senior year, that is, "New Technology of Water Treatment Experiment", which combined classroom explanation with experiment. First, we spend a few hours explaining the experimental reform and equipment renewal of our major in recent years, and then we give students a systematic training from experimental design, experimental operation to final data processing, so that students can understand the knowledge needed to do scientific research papers, and then arrange a large number of experimental hours for experiments. Basically, it is a comprehensive design experiment, and the content of an experiment basically contains the knowledge of several specialized courses, such as water quality analysis, microbial domestication, sewage treatment, etc., so that the specialized courses can be well connected and the purpose of mastery can be achieved. Through several years of practice, it has been proved that this reform has achieved good results and has been well received by relevant teachers and students.
2.2 the use of multimedia teaching technology to build a network education platform.
Today's society is a network information society, and the laboratory also makes full use of multimedia technology to make the experimental principle, the use of experimental instruments and the experimental process into courseware through PPT or video and animation. Establish a network experimental teaching platform for students to consult and use, and create real-time interaction in online booking, online classroom and online question answering. , grasp the students' dynamics in time, and further improve the efficiency of network use and teaching effect.
2.3 Update experimental teaching equipment and create a good experimental environment.
In view of the outdated laboratory equipment, in order to enable students to integrate with the advanced science and technology of this major, the school has strongly supported the construction of experimental teaching infrastructure of this major in recent years and invested a lot of money. The experimental equipment of this major has been constantly updated. In February, 2004, we applied for the fund of "Construction of Basic Laboratories in Central and Local Universities" with the specialty of Building Environment and Equipment Engineering, and in May, 2006, at the same time, within five years, the school will provide more than 1 10,000 yuan for the construction of this center. The existing construction area of the center is 265,438 0.80 square meters, and the assets of experimental equipment reach more than 4.5 million yuan. After the establishment of the center, it undertakes practical teaching tasks such as water supply and drainage engineering, building environment and equipment engineering, civil engineering, environmental engineering (master's degree) and municipal engineering (master's degree), and innovative ability training of Wuhan University of Science and Technology. In addition, students from the School of Science, the School of Resources and Environmental Engineering and Central South Branch of our school are also received to do experiments in the center every year, with nearly10.5 million students each year, and the annual experimental teaching workload reaches more than 40,000 working hours. Break the boundary between the original water supply and drainage engineering laboratory and the building environment and equipment engineering laboratory, optimize the configuration of experimental equipment, and greatly reduce the investment in repeated construction of laboratories.
2.4 Implement innovative experimental teaching mode to cultivate students' innovative ability.
All laboratories in this major are open laboratories, which are open to students free of charge all day. Open laboratory mainly advocates students' dominant position, and strengthening personalized education is conducive to the cultivation of innovative talents. First of all, according to the experimental teaching syllabus of each course, experimental teachers set up certain compulsory experiments and personalized elective experiments, which are generally more difficult than those stipulated in the syllabus, so as to further improve students' experimental level. Secondly, students have full autonomy, and the experimental time, experimental scheme and experimental operation are all decided by students themselves; In addition, students are encouraged to communicate with each other during the experiment, and teachers can solve students' problems at any time. For students who study well, we can also let them do scientific research with graduate students and teachers who have scientific research topics in our school, so as to stimulate students' enthusiasm for autonomous learning as much as possible, tap students' innovative thinking ability and cultivate students' creativity.
Through the reform experiments in recent years, we have won many awards for scientific and technological innovation works of college students and published many scientific research papers. In 2007, he won the third prize in the 10th "Challenge Cup" Philips National Extracurricular Academic and Scientific Research Competition for College Students, and the first and third prizes in the 6th "Challenge Cup" Academic and Scientific Research Competition for College Students in Hubei Province. In 2007-2008, he won the third prize of Simon-International Copper Association Cup National College Students Integrated Wiring Competition for two consecutive years; In 2006, he won the third prize of Hubei College Students' Mechanical Design Innovation Competition, the third prize of FLASH Animation Design in the Second National ITAT Education Engineering Employment Skills Competition, and the third prize of the first Aerospace Cup Career Planning and Design Competition. Students have published more than 20 papers in various magazines.
3 Conclusion
Experimental teaching is an important part of water supply and drainage engineering specialty. Good experimental teaching can greatly improve students' practice and innovation ability and improve their comprehensive quality. Through the reform of experimental teaching in recent years, students' practical ability and innovative ability have been obviously improved, which has been well received by many employers and adapted to the needs of social development. However, the reform of experimental teaching is a long-term and arduous reform. Faced with the demand for talents from the development of the industry, we should be more firm in the pace of reform, keep pace with reform and innovation, keep pace with the times, and constantly improve experimental teaching, so as to lay a solid foundation for the improvement of practical teaching quality and overall teaching level of this major and deliver higher-level talents to the society.
To annotate ...
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