Whether you choose to walk, ride a bike or climb a mountain ... besides seeing more scenery, safety always comes first. In outdoor sports, it is essential to talk about team leaders and players. There are also some principles to get along with. When playing outdoors, the team member "A is life" and the team leader "A is safety". Let's look at the thirteen golden rules of playing outdoors.

Team member "A is life"

Rule number one of the golden rule: always rely on yourself.

What is outdoor "AA"? 90% outdoor enthusiasts think that this is just "a fee". In recent ten years, this concept has gone into a serious misunderstanding, which has also led to frequent accidents. I want to tell you that sometimes outdoor "A" is life.

Outdoor AA system is not only expense AA, but also responsibility and risk AA. The official view is that all participants organize an outdoor activity on a voluntary basis in order to achieve the same hobby or goal, and share the expenses of the activity equally, "with their own responsibilities and consequences".

The real AA outdoor should be the cooperation between friends, each with its own strengths. As the saying goes, no brother does not climb mountains. Many people know this truth, but few people really implement it. In pure AA outdoor, usually the team leader has no legal responsibility and obligation to bear the safety of the team members. He may not even be responsible for you. Why do our players dare to give their lives to others with complete peace of mind

Take the outdoor movie Breaking the Sky as an example. On the way back to the camp, both Baker and Zi Ning were dying because of exhaustion. The team members who came to the rescue chose their companions with mobility, and the former was finally left in place by teammates to die. This is actually the most basic moral concept of disaster films. When the crisis comes, choose to protect yourself with a high probability of survival, or choose the team not to leave teammates behind. And "Vertical Limit" also has such an opposite scene: when someone is in a desperate situation and endangers the lives of other players, cutting the rope may be the only choice. This is the law of mountaineering, not to say that there is no rescue. Unity and mutual assistance are the most precious wealth in mountaineering spirit, but why should we show this scene to everyone? Because the reality is cruel, you must understand that if you want to choose this lifestyle, you must face it bravely. One day, you or your partner will cut the rope above your head.

Outdoor in AA, please don't rely on anyone except yourself. When everyone is in danger, what people think most about is how to keep themselves alive. Please don't expect anyone to help you at this time. They may run to a safe place early. And don't rely on the team leader. He may leave you when you are missing, or he may not know where he is when you are in danger. Don't even think about relying on your lover and lover. You know, only parents in this world will sacrifice everything for you, except yourself.

The most thorough implementation of outdoor AA is "A-style mountaineering", that is, mountaineering activities that rely entirely or mainly on the climber's own strength to climb various peaks, that is, alpine mountaineering. From 1786 to 1865, almost all foreign mountains with an altitude of 3000 ~ 4000 meters have been set foot on. Later, the world mountaineering community called this period the golden age of Alps.

If your ability can't meet AA standard, please choose a business team, which can also be understood as "hi-climbing", also called "nanny climbing": vehicles, routes, food and accommodation are all within their consideration, just walk, if you can't walk, there will be porters to help you carry it, if you can't walk, you can even help you climb to the top, of course, as long as you have money.

Rule number two of the golden rule: come back alive

Safety always comes first: from 200 1 to 20 14, mountaineering outdoor sports accidents claimed more than 300 lives.

In fact, 10 the number of people who died outdoors should be much larger than this number. According to the analysis of the rescue team, more than 90% of outdoor distress accidents are related to human factors, that is, outdoor travel is not fully prepared, including physical, technical and psychological preparations, and many accidents are caused by blind adventure activities. When unexpected things happen, we should dare to "give up", which means not only the whole team, but also one person sometimes.

Please always remember that your "destiny" does not belong to you alone, but also to your parents, wives, children, relatives and friends. Dare to challenge and take risks, this is a commendable action, but many outdoor enthusiasts and snow mountain climbers will give a piece of advice: be safe outdoors and come back alive.

Most of the time, the players don't consider the imminent danger, but if the captain finds it, he must put it forward to stop it, perhaps because of poor health or uneven equipment. Don't take chances. Of course, this decision is painful, but only by giving up can he win. The team leader must understand that safety is always the first! Be safe outdoors and come back alive.

The more inexperienced the climber, the more likely he is to make it to the top at the first attempt. Just because we ignored the existence of risks and seized the luck. Of course, this is very dangerous. You may get away with it once or twice, but it doesn't mean anything to a long-term climber for years. The peak rate of Himalayas is 1: 3.

When Wang Shi climbed Mount Everest for the first time, he lamented: "The scenery here is beautiful and worth seeing, but what I want more is how to survive."

Rule 3 of the golden rule: protect your teammates, your second life.

"Breaking the Height" can be said to explain this rule incisively and vividly: Doug, a bottle-dragging teammate, was trapped because of exhaustion of physical strength, but the team leader did not discourage Doug from reaching the top (if he succeeded in dissuading his teammates at that time, three people would survive), and in the end, this also led Andy, who instinctively escaped from danger, to turn back to save people and eventually disappeared. The situation of one death and two lives has become the last three deaths.

1975 Challenge Mount Everest with China mountaineering team in summer. During the climbing process, Xia and his teammate met with bad snowstorm weather. Without food, they stayed for two days and three nights and finally had to make a decision to retreat. On the way down the mountain, Tsering Doji, a Tibetan teammate, was exhausted and eventually lost his sleeping bag. At night, looking at his weak teammates, Xia, covered in blood, decided to give his sleeping bag to his teammate Tsering to sleep in clothes, which also caused Xia's feet to lose consciousness, causing frostbite and necrosis and forced amputation. It can be said that Xia saved his teammates' lives with his own feet.

A small accident of a teammate may lead to the collapse of the team, or it may save a team. Please protect your teammates. This is to protect your team and protect yourself. If you have no brothers, don't climb.

This is not inconsistent with the first law: always take care of yourself is the law of your survival; Protecting your teammates is the guarantee to achieve your goals.

Reminder: Especially for some technical mountaineering, many routes need to be protected alternately. Can you imagine how difficult it would be if you were alone or with injured teammates?

The fourth golden rule: "strength" determines your "participation" route.

The new donkey who has never been to the plateau will go to Aotai, Wusun on foot and Xiate. This is not playing outdoors, this is a life!

Is your ability allowed? Have you ever been to the plateau? How many lives do you have? Please evaluate your ability and strength before signing up for the activity! Many new donkeys complain that some old donkeys don't take them out, and some tour leaders are proud of taking more MM, but this year's impetuous outdoor circle, many fledgling vegetable donkeys and new donkeys are clamoring for a strong and challenging route all day, and they are even more proud of this "boasting" after coming back. "It's not difficult." If FB (luxury) line is nothing, but if ZN (self-abuse and hardship) or technology line, then you must ask yourself, do I have the ability to participate in such a line? And passers-by ask themselves, is it your luck or your strength? Please don't mislead.

Many times, an AA team, the strongest and weakest teammates, will be very different, and there will be a serious asymmetry of information and experience: the choice of routes, camps, travel equipment and the handling of unknown difficulties. Some things may be carefully reminded by others, while others may not realize it. When you enter the mountain, can your equipment keep out the cold and be waterproof, can your shoes adapt to a variety of changing routes, do you have an extra pair, and do you have an extra pair of socks? If you don't pay attention to some small details, you will face more dangers and difficulties than your teammates.

Especially some MM always want to pin their safety on the team leader or some male players when traveling, which is why mountain accidents always happen to girls. It is dangerous to be outdoors. When everyone enters the limit state, what they want most is to let themselves live. So everyone must understand that sometimes when danger comes, accidents often start with the weakest players on the team. If you want to climb a mountain, please improve your strength first!

Rule 5 of the Golden Rule: Please master your own limits and strengths.

Outdoor sports not only pursue the spirit of "higher, faster and stronger", but also emphasize the spirit of participation, entertainment and courage, and pursue the pleasure and sense of accomplishment gained when crossing psychological barriers.

However, in AA outdoor or A mountain climbing, please be sure to reserve a physical strength to face the difficulties behind. The mountain is still there, not this time, but next time. As long as you are alive, the opportunity is always there. "Talk less, observe more, experience more" is one of the signs of maturity of donkey friends. And some donkey friends and even skipping teammates who talk nonsense all the way are usually annoying and wasteful.

Good physical fitness, sufficient physical reserve and good physical condition are the basic conditions for participating in outdoor sports. Step by step, don't take part in activities beyond your physical capacity, and don't challenge your physical limit in outdoor activities.

When traveling, it is suggested that everyone should have their own specialties, such as topographic map recognition, weather judgment, communication, navigation, ambulance, logistics and technology. There may be a team leader, but he is only the communicator and arbiter of the team, not the operator of everything. If you really want to have your own place in the mountaineering circle, please learn at least one of your own specialties.

Rule 6 of the golden rule: always keep a bag of life-saving rations.

Players who often play outdoors usually have such a sense of safety and always keep one or two boxes of compressed biscuits for themselves. This is an emergency ration in case you get lost.

Generally, the gold rescue time is within 72 hours. Usually, when Shan Ye walks, water can be guaranteed to some extent, but food can hardly be guaranteed. In extreme cases, a pack of compressed biscuits can usually achieve life-saving effect. There is no small matter outdoors, always prepare yourself more. Maybe just carrying an extra catty will keep you alive, but please don't consume your life-saving rations to the end.

Team leader A is safe.

Golden Rule 7: Safety always comes first.

Just like the second rule of the golden rule, there is only one life! Life is only once! Life is only once! Many times, the life and death of a team is in the hands of the leader.

Life is only once, please make a good choice. Safety is always the first element of outdoor play, and it is also the first element that the team leader must master. Please always remember: safety always comes first! Safety always comes first! Safety always comes first!

Rule 8 of the Golden Rule: Be sure to respect the weather.

Bad weather will turn a sunny outdoor into a terrible and deadly trip to hell. Take the Australia-Thailand air route as an example, 80% of the mortality rate is related to weather changes.

As a captain, you must judge the weather in time. Sudden weather changes may make the team see nothing. Rain and snow will make the blood of the players seem to have solidified. You seem to have lost your thinking ability and lost your way. Suddenly, you feel that the pain of death has tightened your heart, and you feel extremely helpless. You lost consciousness in your fingers and toes. Frozen in your pallor, you and your companions are desperately calling for help in the snow. It is too late! Don't put yourself in the above situation. Read the weather forecast carefully, make sure you can understand it, seriously consider the weather changes, and make preparations for "camping on the spot" and "evacuation".

Bad weather may come unexpectedly. Mountain areas have their own weather laws, and this weather change cannot be accurately predicted according to today's weather conditions. We can't build a weather station on the top of the mountain. Therefore, on the one hand, the tour leader should trust the weather forecast system, but pay close attention to the changes in Shan Ye itself. Put a fixed rope where possible, bring a compass, and there must be safety lights in the camp. Prevent all possible dangers.

Rule 9 of the Golden Rule: You must master Cannikin Law.

I believe most people know the principle of barrel effect, that is, how much water a bucket can hold depends on the shortest board. If a wooden bucket is to be filled with water, each board must be equally flush and intact. If a board in the bucket is uneven, or there is a hole under a board, the bucket can't be filled with water. How much water a bucket can hold depends not on the longest board, but on the shortest board.

And the reliable outdoor team is here. In outdoor mountaineering, the strength of a team is usually determined by a good team leader. When forming a team, the team leader should fully understand the ability and physical strength of the players. In the process of marching, we should always pay attention to the situation of the players, arrange the marching speed according to the physical strength of the weakest players, adjust the plan and itinerary according to the strength of the weakest players, and ensure the safety of the whole team. Any organization may face the same problem, that is, the various parts of the organization are often uneven, and the disadvantages often determine the level of the whole organization.

Some team leaders may feel unfair to this arrangement. However, since you brought it, you must consider the strength of the players in the safety plan.

Rule 10 of the golden rule: always listen to the reasonable opinions and suggestions of players.

Most afraid of the team leader who is single-minded and bent on his own way. The team leader is usually the soul of a team, and even decides life and death. But the team leader is not omnipotent, and many times the team leader can't make up his mind.

In fact, when an outdoor team is formed, there are usually old donkeys and new donkeys. Many old donkeys have no worse experience than team leaders, especially in getting lost, sudden weather changes, team running-in and so on. To this end, on the one hand, team members should make reasonable suggestions to the team leader at any time, on the other hand, the team leader should accept it with an open mind and not pretend to understand or show off; Be honest with yourself and the ability of the whole team.

Rule 11 of the Golden Rule: These two types of players can't have both.

Players who have no spirit of unity and cooperation should not be stubborn, selfish, unorganized and undisciplined. They have their own set of experiences, ideas, concepts, and even a selfish psychology. They are resistant to some decisions made by team leaders. Many times they go their own way and sometimes form a small circle, which will undoubtedly have a great impact on the original players and even bring disastrous consequences to the whole team. Therefore, players who can't be controlled by the team leader must not.

Players with too big difference in strength can't get it (for ZN and technical line): if the difference in strength is too big, it will not only drag down the whole team, but also lead to disunity among players. Sometimes, just say, "I'm still a new donkey, and you won't care." Such a player, whether beautiful or handsome, refuses, which is good for the whole team.

Rule 12 of the golden rule: establish a team "first aid kit"

First aid kit is a must for every team leader. But from the above points, you should know that you must build a first-aid kit yourself, instead of going to the drugstore to buy a complete set of finished first-aid kits, because that first-aid kit usually contains a lot of things that you are unlikely to use.

You should set up a first aid kit for the team according to the known route, so that you will know what is in it and how to use it. Many times, such a first aid kit can save you or your teammates' lives. In addition, it should be emphasized that please always prepare a snake venom extractor.

Rule 13 of the golden rule: you must buy "insurance"

There's no need to talk about this anymore. "Insurance" can't save lives, but it is really important for team leaders, teams and individuals. Whether it's a short day or two or a long month, people who don't buy insurance can directly persuade them to go. Such teammates are irresponsible to themselves and their families!