Children's Palace is an important form and place for the government to provide taxpayers with public services for young people, and it will gradually develop into a platform for the government to co-ordinate various social resources to serve young people.
definition
Children's Palace is an institution in China that conducts political education and collective cultural activities for children outside school. The word children's palace comes from Russian дупиунерув.
The same institutions include Youth Palace, Women's and Children's Activity Center, Youth Science and Technology Museum (station), Children's Park and Youth Center. These institutions are managed by different systems. In principle, provincial and municipal youth palaces belong to the * * * Youth League Committee system, district-level children's palaces belong to the education system, women's and children's activity centers belong to the women's Federation system, science and technology museums belong to the science and technology information department, children's parks belong to the garden department, and youth centers are relatively broad. In addition to the above departments, relevant institutions under the civil affairs department will also use relevant titles.
Children's Palace is a welfare project with China characteristics.
general situation
Many cities in the Soviet Union have built children's palaces. North Korea Pyongyang Children's Palace covers an area of 654.38+10,000 square meters, with a total construction area of 50,000 square meters. In Japan, there are national youth homes and children's halls specially set up for children of dual-income workers. Many museums and amusement parks in the United States have facilities for children's activities, such as Sesame Street Children's Park in Trenton, new york, Capital Children's Museum in Washington, Discovery Museum in San Francisco and Disneyland in Los Angeles.
Some children's palaces in China have been rebuilt from original buildings, such as Dalian Children's Palace (formerly known as Dalian Children's Cultural Center) established by 1949, and China Children's and Teenagers' Activity Center established by 1983, with a building area of about 6,300 square meters. In the 1980s, children's palaces and Lanzhou Children's Science and Technology Center in Wuxi, Fuzhou, Qingdao, Changsha, Hefei and anniversary were built and expanded in various provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. According to the statistics of 1983, there are 6 children's palaces in the province, 2 children's palaces in cities and counties and more than 7,000 children's activity stations.
form
Children's Palace is mainly composed of the following parts: ① Scientific and technological activities. The activity rooms and laboratories of various amateur groups generally include computers, radio, telegrams, model airplanes, biology, chemistry, mathematics, geology, planetariums, observatories, weather stations and production workshops. ② Some literary and artistic activities. There are usually foreign languages, literature and art, recitation, lectures, painting, calligraphy, sculpture, photography, instrumental music, vocal music, dance, entertainment, puppets, television and electronic games. ③ Sports activities. Generally, there are small ball game rooms such as table tennis and chess, as well as exercise rooms and outdoor activities venues such as gymnastics, martial arts and skills. (4) public activities. Generally, there are libraries, photo studios, cinemas, small theaters, outdoor activities and rest places, nurseries, greenhouses and so on. ⑤ Other rooms. There are auxiliary rooms such as offices and living rooms for employees.
In addition to the basic contents, the construction of children's palace can also be focused on according to regional, historical and economic conditions. A children's palace focusing on marine knowledge education can be built in offshore areas, and a children's palace focusing on mineral resources and forestry knowledge education can be built near mountainous areas and forest areas.
general idea
The main points are as follows: ① The plane and appearance should be lively and open, the characters should be novel in shape and bright in color, showing a vibrant atmosphere to meet the psychological and physiological characteristics of children's knowledge. (2) All kinds of activity rooms should adapt to different use characteristics, such as the preparation room of the laboratory, the material storage room and the processing room of the model room, the facilities of the dance room should pay attention to the height, the choice of ground materials and professional requirements, the dressing room of the dance room and gymnastics room, the appropriate lighting of the art room, the sound effect of the music room, and the physical size and safety of children in various facilities. (3) In order to adapt to a large number of children's participation in various activities, attention should be paid to avoiding the interference between the activity rooms in the plane layout, so as to make the flow of people smooth, facilitate safe evacuation, and leave room for the development of activities. (4) There should be spacious outdoor activity venues, such as playgrounds, stadiums, test sites, green nurseries, small animal feeding places, etc.
idea
From the early days of the People's Republic of China to the 1990s, the Children's Palace was a place where children's elites gathered. Only students with excellent moral character and expertise in literature, art, science and technology and sports have the opportunity to enjoy quasi-professional education and training in the Children's Palace, which is also the training base for the backbone of the Young Pioneers.
Since the 1990s, the Children's Palace has gradually moved from elite education to social education, and children are trained outside the school through the charging mode. Due to the long-term brand influence, relatively low-priced and high-quality educational resources, stable teachers, solid professional foundation, coupled with parents' subconscious mind of "don't lose at the starting line" and the extreme lack of various educational resources suitable for children's growth in society at that time, Children's Palace once became synonymous with interest training classes: dance, art, calligraphy and language.
Now, the Opinions on Further Strengthening and Improving the Construction and Management of Extracurricular Activities Places for Minors points out that the Youth Palace, Children's Palace, Youth Student Activity Center, Children's Activity Center, Science and Technology Museum and other places invested by governments at all levels to provide public welfare services for minors are defined as public welfare institutions, which standardize the nature, function and role of the implementers, and local governments should bear the responsibility for the construction and operation of Children's Palace. It is clear that the educational cost of children's palace comes from the government responsibility, which lays the foundation for the public welfare and standardized management of children's palace.
Therefore, Children's Palace should deepen the service function of teenagers' public service according to its clear positioning, and solve the problem of service products, service capabilities and service supply from the supply side and users' thinking, so as to truly become a basic service project with China characteristics.
Training and education content
It mainly includes six aspects: morality, intelligence, physique, beauty, emotion and wealth.
moral education
Cultivating children's moral character is the primary issue of education, and it is also the primary issue of early education. Before the age of 3, children should cultivate good moral behavior habits, supplemented by reasoning. The age of 3-7 is an important stage of children's moral education, and a person's ideological and moral character, moral habits and personality characteristics are basically laid at this time.
intellectual education
Intellectual education is the core of early education. Cultivating children's intellectual education includes not only imparting knowledge, but also developing intelligence. After the child can sit, let the child sit and play properly, which is conducive to the coordinated activities of the child's hands and eyes, let the child identify various colors and things, and often exercise the child's listening with beautiful music and songs. Children aged 0 to 3 should pay attention to their imitation ability and curiosity, praise their advantages and achievements, and provide various toys to improve their imagination. When children are 4 to 7 years old, they should always walk with them, talk while walking and often tell stories. Besides, children should be taught to read, count, learn to draw, sing and dance.
sports
Proper physical exercise for children can promote their growth and development. Physical exercise should be rich and colorful, and choose suitable items according to your age and preferences. Children's sports include not only physical sports such as running and swimming, but also mental sports such as children's go and chess.
aesthetic education
Aesthetic education can cultivate children's happy, comfortable, enterprising and noble sentiments and stimulate positive emotions. It is necessary to develop children's aesthetic ability, educate children from an early age to distinguish truth, goodness, beauty from falsehood, ugliness and evil, and develop their ability to create beauty.
emotional quotient (EQ)
EmotionalQuotient (EQ), also known as EQ, mainly refers to people's qualities in emotion, emotion, will and frustration tolerance. Emotional quotient (EQ) is a concept corresponding to intelligence and IQ put forward by psychologists in recent years. According to the author of EQ, Salovi and his partner John Meyer gave a detailed definition of EQ, which has been extended to five main areas: understanding one's own emotions, managing emotions, self-motivation, recognizing others' emotions and dealing with interpersonal relationships. At present, the relatively systematic and comprehensive EQ education courses for children in China mainly include "Happy Heart" EQ early education package.
Financial quotient
Financial Quotient: The original meaning is "Financial Quotient", abbreviated as FQ(FinancialQuotient), which refers to the ability of individuals and collectives to know, create and manage wealth, including three aspects: concept, knowledge and behavior. Financial quotient includes two abilities: one is the ability to correctly understand the law of wealth and wealth multiplication (that is, values); The second is the ability to control wealth and correctly apply the law of wealth and wealth multiplication. Financial quotient is the three indispensable qualities of modern social ability alongside IQ and EQ.
At present, children's financial quotient is a popular education for parents in China. In Europe and America, children's financial quotient education has been included in the primary and secondary education system, and in Taiwan Province Province, financial quotient has been included in the college entrance examination. In 20 13, China has gradually incorporated investment and financial management education into the national education system, which means that business finance will also be included in the national college entrance examination in the near future. At present, ICF-LICF is the most comprehensive financial business course in China.