What is sensory integration training?
Sensory training, that is, sensory integration training, refers to the training that guides the appropriate response to sensory stimuli according to the baby's neurological needs. This kind of training provides the whole body movement of vestibule (gravity and movement), proprioception (muscle and sensation) and tactile stimulation. Its purpose is not to enhance motor skills, but to improve the way the brain processes sensory information and tissues and constitutes sensory information. The correct concept is the neurological function of brain function.
The key of sensory integration training is to give the baby a variety of stimuli such as vestibule, muscle, joint, skin touch, vision, hearing and smell at the same time, and combine these stimuli with exercise.
The purpose of sensory integration training is to cultivate the baby's interest with patience and establish the baby's self-confidence; Spontaneity is effective to make the baby feel happy in the game. Training varies from person to person, so that the baby has a variety of sensory stimuli every day.
Sensory training methods include tactile training, vestibular balance training, bouncing training, internal balance training and proprioception training. Different sensory training methods use different sensory training equipment, and mothers should choose according to their baby's specific situation.
Which children need sensory training?
Children with the following manifestations may be caused by sensory disorders:
1, audio-visual feeling is not good: I don't like reading, and when reading, I have more words and fewer sentences, and the order of writing is reversed. Ignore other people's words, forget things, often forget what the teacher said, forget the homework assigned; I don't concentrate in class, I am active, I don't like talking to others, and my memory is poor. Usually his parents call him, and he doesn't care, thinking it has nothing to do with himself.
2. Over-sensitivity of touch: it is easy to be nervous, timid, unsociable, withdrawn, picky eaters, afraid of unfamiliar environment, biting fingers and crying. He has a bad temper and doesn't like being touched.
3, tactile dullness: slow response, inflexible movements, clumsy, poor brain resolution.
4, proprioception disorder: poor sense of direction, poor coordination of movements, easy to fall when walking, can not turn over, ride a bike, jump rope, racket ball like other children. Poor fine movements, unable to tie shoelaces, button buttons and use chopsticks, poor manual skills. Because children always pay attention to how their bodies move and their hands and feet are not flexible, they are often in a state of tension and anxiety, and they will show inferiority after a long time.
5, vestibule and sense of balance disorder: fidgeting, inattention, more likely to cause trouble to parents than ordinary children. Easy to wrestle. Some seriously affect the development of language ability. Poor coordination will gradually reduce children's interest in things.
If the child has the above performance, then parents should pay attention, and the child needs training in this area. Generally speaking, the following age groups are a good time to correct sensory imbalance:
0-3 years old: the basic training stage of children's sensory integration is also the prevention stage of sensory integration disorder.
3-6 years old: the best training stage of children's sensory integration is also the treatment stage of sensory integration disorder.
6- 13 years old: the important training stage of children's sensory integration is the correction stage of sensory integration training.
Sensory integration training method-game
1, playing catch with others (1-2 years old)
Training purpose: social ability/arm movement ability.
Training requirements: Parents sit opposite their children. Parents give the ball to their children and encourage them to give it to their parents.
Difficulty setting:
(1) At the beginning, parents can put the ball directly into their children's hands.
(2) Parents reach out to their children and encourage him/her to reach out and catch the ball.
(3) Parents should say "thank you" when the child gives the ball to their parents voluntarily.
Give help: If the child does not have the ability to take the initiative to catch and give the ball, ask another adult to give physical guidance until the child begins to have the ability to take the initiative to catch and give the ball, and gradually withdraw the help given.
2, can push the "funny ball" to the finger 1 meter away. Location (2-3 years old)
Training purpose: to develop social skills and hand-eye coordination (the ability to observe the speed of objects intuitively and the ability to respond), and to develop the activity ability of big sports-elbow joint and arm.
Training requirements: Children and parents stand in the range of 1 m respectively, pushing and catching "funny balls" from each other. If necessary, another adult should assist the child's movements.
Difficulty setting: catch the ball within a certain range; B listens to verbal instructions and picks up the ball back to the designated place.
Help: Try to let the children catch the ball by themselves within a certain range, and give verbal tips or physical guidance when necessary. If children don't respond to instructions, they need physical guidance, spoken words and gestures.
3. Throw the ball 3 meters away (3-4 years old)
Training purpose: arm movement ability/hand-eye coordination ability.
Training requirements: throw a ball or bean ball 3 meters away.
Difficulty setting:—
Help give:
(1) If the child doesn't know the throwing action at first, he can teach it by hand.
(2) Draw a line in front of the child to remind him/her of the throwing distance.
(3) In order to encourage children to try, you can put a toy or snack beside the line as a reward.
4. Do 5 forward rolls (4-5 years old)
Training purpose: to improve the ability of coordination and balance and stimulate proprioception.
Training requirements: let children imitate adults to do five consecutive forward rolls.
Difficulty setting:
(1) only needs 2-3 times to start.
(2) Ask children to do it five times in a row, and ask children to keep their bodies straight as much as possible during exercise.
Help give:
(1) At the beginning, always give physical help and encourage children to try with language.
(2) Try to let the children do it themselves, give verbal hints when necessary, and always pay attention to the safety of the children.
5. When pulling the rope hard, you can still pull the rope (5-6 years old)
Training purpose: to improve the strength of hand muscles and promote the development of whole body muscles.
Training requirements: adults pull one end of the rope hard and children can pull the other end of the rope.
Difficulty setting:
(1) Adults just pull the rope a little at first, and it is easy for children to pull the rope.
(2) Adults pull the rope hard and encourage children to pull the rope hard.
Help give:
(1) Draw a horizontal line between two people on the floor, and children will get prizes if they pull adults across the horizontal line.
(2) Encourage and praise children's attempts and successes in time.
Note: During training, adults should cooperate with children's efforts to avoid children being injured due to improper exertion.
Sensory training categories and equipment
Sensory training can be divided into five training items: touch, vestibular balance training and motor sensation. According to the baby's actual situation, choose different sensory training methods and use different sensory training equipment, mainly including:
1, tactile training: strengthen the nerve induction of skin, muscles and joints, identify sensory levels, and adjust the sensitivity of sensory nerves in the brain.
Training equipment includes: massage ball, wave pool and balanced tactile board.
Indications: Crying, timid, emotional, shy, clumsy, afraid of touching, inaccurate pronunciation, partial eclipse, picky eaters, poor attention, autism, weak and sick, etc.
2. Training of vestibular balance: regulating vestibular information and balancing the automatic response function of nervous system, promoting the sound of language organization, vestibular balance and the integrity of audio-visual ability.
Training equipment: cylinder, balance pedal, massage dragon ball, slide, balance table, swinging wooden bridge, kangaroo bag and smooth wheel.
Indications: insufficient limb flexibility, incorrect posture, poor bilateral coordination, hyperactivity, irritability, slow language development, poor visual space, reading difficulties, lack of self-confidence, inattention, easy to fall, unclear sense of direction, and inability to cultivate learning ability and habits.
3. Bouncing training: adjust the natural balance and vestibular balance sensory nervous system, strengthen the information of tactile nerves and joints, and promote the sound development of left and right brains.
Training equipment: corner kick and trampoline.
Indications: standing and sitting without phase, incorrect posture, emotional, insufficient body flexibility, hyperactivity, inattention, slow language development, reading difficulty, timidity, emotional, clumsy, poor visual judgment, wrong tactile development and insufficient joint information.
4. Internal balance training: adjust the coordination of the spinal cord central nervous system to check gravity, strengthen the middle ear balance system, coordinate the whole body nerve function, and lay the foundation for brain development.
Training equipment: one-legged chair, big gyro, footstep device, vertical tube holding.
Indications: fidgeting, easy to fall, irritability, irritability, poor language development, lack of organization and reasoning ability, poor bilateral coordination, inflexible hands and feet, and lack of self-confidence.
5. Somatosensory training: strengthen internal balance, touch, bilateral coordination of large and small muscles, and flexible physical exercise ability to improve the balanced development of left and right brains.
Training equipment: trampoline, balance beam, rocking wooden bridge, skateboard, S-shaped vertical balance beam, S-shaped horizontal balance beam and circular balance plate.
Indications: slow language development, clumsiness, inattention, fidgeting, emotional, lack of organization and creativity.
The role of sensory integration training
1. Sensory integration training can develop children's intelligence.
2. Sensory integration training can bring children with sensory integration disorder and special children into normal education.
3. Sensory integration training is beneficial to enhance children's physique.
4. Sensory integration education has a positive impact on children's psychological development.
(1) is helpful to cultivate children's happy mood and make them get a good emotional experience.
(2) Promote children's attention.
(3) Sensory integration training helps special children to build their self-confidence.
5. Sensory integration training can cultivate children's will to be brave and tenacious, overcome difficulties and surpass themselves.
6. Cultivate children's social awareness of competition, unity and cooperation, and cultivate children's good social adaptability.
7. Improve children's language skills.