1. project overview: Yantian road overpass bridge and Yong' an south road overpass bridge are located in Yantian port, with starting and ending pile numbers k1+582.492 ~ k1+927.495, middle pile number K 1+740, and the total length of the bridge is 345.003m m. Yong 'an South Road overpass bridge has starting and ending pile numbers K2+206.412 ~ K2+331.59, central pile number K2+350, full length 125. 178m, span 4 x 30m and 58 bridge piles. Technical standard of bridge: design load: automobile-class 20 or above, trailer-120; Bridge section: (0.5m+ net19.75m+0.5m) x2; Seismic intensity: designed according to seven degrees and fortified according to eight degrees. Two. Compilation scheme: (I) Causes of safety accidents The main causes of safety accidents in pile foundation construction are: (1) falling objects on the ground or at high altitude; (2) power consumption; (3) crane failure; (4) crane and muck falling; (5) blasting; and (6) suffocation caused by toxic gas in pile holes. In view of the above safety accidents, our department has formulated the following safety construction regulations and taken necessary measures. (2) Safety construction measures: First of all, we must strictly implement the relevant provisions of Technical Specification for Safety in Highway Engineering Construction (JTJ076-95) and take the following measures: (1) Workers engaged in digging pile operations must go through health examination, safety operation training such as underground, high altitude, electricity consumption, hoisting and simple mechanical operation, and can only enter after passing the examination. (2) Before the blue prints.the design construction drawings and pile hole excavation, carefully study the geological data, pay attention to possible quicksand, piping, water gushing and harmful gases, and formulate targeted protective measures. If you have any questions about safety construction, report them to relevant units in time. (3) During the construction of pile hole excavation, firstly investigate the changes of the ground and adjacent slopes. When the pile hole construction platform is close to the slope, it is necessary to reinforce the slope, remove the boulder on the slope, and set intercepting ditch and safety net on the upper side to prevent the rainwater from soaking the slope and the boulder from rolling down. The excavated earthwork should be shipped out in time. Mud and sundries shall not be piled up within 2m around the orifice. In order to prevent people and things on the ground from falling into the pile hole, guardrails and safety nets must be set around the pile hole (except for the excavation position at the wellhead). Aperture cooperation personnel should concentrate on closely monitoring the situation in the hole, actively cooperate with the personnel in the hole, and shall not leave their posts without permission during construction. When passing tools and articles up and down in the hole, it is forbidden to throw them; Prevent objects at the orifice from falling into the pile hole. (4) The installation and removal of all power supplies and electrical appliances on the construction site must be operated by certified electricians; Electrical appliances must be strictly grounded and connected to zero, and leakage protectors should be used. Switch box and power distribution room are special, with rain-proof box cover and canopy, and equipped with fire-fighting facilities. Electrical equipment must have a certificate of approval before it can be used after installation. (5) All the equipment, facilities, devices, tools, accessories and personal labor protection articles on the construction site must be regularly checked to ensure their intact and safe use. The electric hoist and slag bucket (hanging cage) used by workers and staff to go up and down the pile hole must be qualified mechanical equipment, equipped with automatic locking safety devices, and fastened with safety ropes and safety belts to prevent sudden power failure. Artificial ropes are not allowed to transport people or trample on the pile holes under the flange of retaining wall. The electric hoist adopts push-button switch, and special personnel are arranged for strict inspection before and after work, and sufficient lubricating oil is added every day to ensure that the switch is flexible and accurate; Chain without damage, safety buckle, no knot; Wire rope without broken wires. The support should be stable and firm, and its safety lifting ability should be tested before use. A ladder, safety rope and ventilation pipe must be placed in the pile hole and extended to the working face with the increase of excavation depth as an emergency standby. Lifting equipment must be qualified and can only be installed and used after inspection. (6) The steel wire rope and pulley for transporting construction dregs shall be installed firmly, with the steel wire rope not less than ￠14 mm and the pulling force not less than 10KN. Before use, tensile test should be carried out, and lubricating oil should be coated every time to reduce the friction between steel wire and pulley. Wire rope should be regularly tested for tension. If it is unqualified, it should be replaced immediately. Wire rope depilation and slippage should be replaced immediately; The diameter of the slag bucket shall not be greater than half of the pile diameter, and the height shall not be greater than1m. The earrings of the slag bucket shall be welded firmly, and the hook shall have anti-slip insurance, which shall be fastened with steel wire rope. It can only be used after passing the test. The slag stone in the slag bucket should be placed at the bottom, and the mouth edge should be kept at the height of 10cm to prevent the leakage of muck. During transportation, the starting height should be about 0.5- 1.0m, then stop and then transport manually. (7) Rock blasting in the hole adopts shallow hole loose blasting method; When blasting, experiments should be carried out outside the hole to determine the hole depth, charge and loose area of different rock layers, and the construction blasting in the hole can be carried out only after the test is qualified. Electric explosion shall be used for blasting, and fuse shall not be used for initiation; Single-eye blasting is used for blasting, and multi-eye blasting is not allowed. The hole is covered with soil bags, and the wall of the hole is surrounded by formwork and supported and fixed. When blasting, all operators in the hole should remove the blasthole and confirm that there is no one outside the pile hole and near the orifice before blasting; After blasting in the hole, the ventilation and smoke exhaust shall not be less than 15min, and the air volume shall not be less than 25l/s(8). When the excavation depth of the pile hole is more than 5m, the accumulated water in the pile hole shall be discharged before the construction starts every day, and the air shall be blown into the hole for 5min with a blower or a large fan to discharge the turbid air in the hole, and the toxic gas in the hole shall be detected. Generally, it is necessary to use instruments to detect or use simple methods; If small animals such as white rabbits or mice are put into cages, they should stay at the bottom of the pile hole for not less than 10 minutes. The staff can only enter the cave after checking that the ecology of small animals is normal. When the hole depth exceeds10m, the ground should be equipped with special equipment to supply air to the hole, and the air volume should not be less than 25l/s, and the air supply should be increased by drilling holes at the bottom of the hole. (9) The operators in the pile hole shall abide by the following regulations: ① Safety helmet and insulating rubber shoes must be worn; (2) prohibit drinking and working; Smoking is not allowed in the cave; No open flame is allowed in the cave; (3) Every 4 hours of work, the hole should be rotated, and the rotation of the operation with water should not exceed 2 hours; (4) When excavating complex soil layer, probe the bottom of the hole with a hand drill or a steel bar not less than φ 16mm every 0.5~ 1 m, and check whether there are caves and sand gushing below the bottom of the hole. After the safety is confirmed, the excavation can continue; ⑤ Pay close attention to all dynamics in the hole. If any bad omen such as quicksand, water gushing, deformation of retaining wall, malodorous gas is found, stop operation immediately and evacuate quickly; ⑥ When the pile hole is dug below 5m, a semi-circular protective cover, which can be made of steel (wood) plate or dense mesh steel (wire), should be set on the retaining flange about 3m above the hole bottom. When getting up and down the bucket, the operator must stand under the protective cover, stop digging and pay attention to safety; When lifting large stones, all the workers in the hole should be evacuated to the ground before lifting; ⑦ Wet operation should be adopted when drilling, and ventilation, dust prevention and personal protection should be strengthened; ⑧ If blasting is carried out in the hole, all operators must evacuate to the ground before initiating; When blasting, the orifice should be stamped; After blasting, the exhaust gas in the hole must be removed by air extraction, air supply or water spraying, and the operation in the hole can be continued only after toxic gas is detected; Pet-name ruby construction midway after pumping, must first cut off the ground special power supply, workers can work in the hole. Four. Precautions for safety construction of manual digging piles: (1) Site management personnel should carefully explain the geological conditions and groundwater conditions of digging piles to the construction personnel, and put forward possible problems and emergency treatment measures. We should be fully prepared mentally and have enough materials and machinery to take emergency measures. It is necessary to formulate safety measures and regularly check their implementation. (2) There shall be no more than two people working under the hole. Wear safety helmet and gloves when working, and wear raincoat, rain pants and boots when there is water. An electric bell or walkie-talkie should be placed in the hole to ensure the signal contact between the staff under the hole and the staff on the hole. Do not place hammers, hoes, stones and iron bars around the ground. (3) Underground personnel should pay attention to the change of hole wall. If the retaining wall collapses or cracks, it should be reported in time and support measures should be taken. In case of danger, contact signals should be sent out in time so as to evacuate quickly. And take effective measures to eliminate the danger as soon as possible. (4) Ground personnel should pay attention to the contact signal under the hole, which is sensitive and fast. Always check whether the brackets, pulleys and ropes are secure. When hoisting, it should be hoisted stably, and the hoisted earth and stone should be emptied and discharged to 2 meters away from the orifice. (5) During the construction period, the electrical equipment is pumping, lighting and ventilation. Only one brake and one leakage protector shall be provided. Three-core rubber wires should be used for power supply lines, and the wires should be overhead and not dragged on the ground. And often check whether the wires and leakage protection are in good condition. (6) When pumping water from the hole, the drain shall be more than 5 meters away from the orifice, and the drainage on the construction site shall be ensured. (7) Dig the pit and pour the retaining wall on the same day. When personnel leave the construction site, they should cover the orifice and set warning signs such as warning red light. Before opening the hole cover, the harmful gas should be removed and tested before operation. (8) Dig a hole with a depth of 6 6- 10/0m, and ventilate it at least once every 1 hour, and keep the ventilation in the hole with special ventilation equipment when it is over 1 0m. 5. Civilized construction: (1) Set up a high-quality construction team, constantly strengthen internal management, improve the ideological consciousness of employees, and make all employees realize that this project is not only a local key project with high quality requirements, tight construction period and great construction difficulty, but also a concern of all parties and strong political nature. (2) Stimulate workers' working enthusiasm, strengthen information communication between different types of work, different teams and different posts, and make necessary coordination, so that the construction site is always permeated with the atmosphere of unity, cooperation, equal competition and harmonious coexistence. (3) Do a good job in construction propaganda and agitation to promote civilized construction on the construction site. The construction site should have fixed construction safety technical slogans, engineering signs and construction schedule. Respect the supervision engineer, enthusiastically accept the inspection and guidance of the supervision engineer, and actively report the progress and quality of the project. (4) Construction wastewater and domestic sewage are strictly forbidden to be discharged into water sources. During the construction, keep the site clean and tidy, and clean up the construction garbage in time. (5) The construction machinery should prevent serious oil leakage, and it is strictly forbidden to directly discharge the oil pollution generated in the operation of the machinery without treatment, or directly discharge oily sewage when maintaining the construction machinery. (6) Waste land with sparse vegetation should be selected for digging piles to dig out waste residue, and slag dams or fences should be built at the lower part and corners of waste residue to prevent soil erosion. 6. Safety management of manual digging pile: Manual digging pile is a highly dangerous work in bridge construction, which is unpredictable. Then, how to manage the safety of manual digging pile construction? This is a subject that every construction manager must face seriously. In view of the manual digging pile foundation construction in our department in the past, the management process is summarized in stages. Generally speaking, the safety management steps of the project department are as follows: (1) The preparation work before construction is in place: (1) Study the geological investigation report of this project and get the first-hand information; (2) Prepare the construction scheme of manual digging pile; (3) Formulate safety protection measures predictably; (4) Cooperate with other departments such as mechanical and electrical equipment and materials. (2) When new workers enter the site, the three-level safety education is in place: (1) The project manager presides over the three-level safety education for new workers, so that each worker can master the operating rules and safety precautions of this type of work and make workers clear the basic principle of "production must be safe and safety promotes production". (2) Issue safety knowledge test papers for assessment, confirm the effect of safety education, and conduct special training for special operators, all of whom are required to hold relevant certificates. (III) Pre-shift safety technical disclosure in place: (1) In addition to the pre-shift safety activities organized by the team, the foreman (builder) in charge of this type of work also made targeted safety technical disclosure to the team in written form and fulfilled the signing procedures. (2) The full-time security officer of the project summarizes the contents of education and disclosure, and explains them in detail to each member of the team again. Everyone is required to operate, and everyone must abide by the safety discipline, relevant national policies and regulations and the safety management system of the project department. (4) Supervision, inspection, re-education and assessment in place during construction: (1) During construction, safety officers and foremen play a supervisory role, organize personnel to eliminate accidents in time when they are found, and emphasize the prevention of similar incidents from happening again. (2) During the construction period, in addition to requiring the construction team to carry out routine self-inspection before shift (mainly checking whether the leakage protector fails, whether the hanging basket body, rope, safety hook and brake switch are damaged or out of control, whether the submersible pump motor and cable are normal or broken, etc.). ). The safety officer does not regularly review and carefully observe the underground operation. The foreman shall make original records of the depth of each meter of ZuoYeDui. When an accident was discovered, he immediately ordered the team to carry out rectification according to personnel, time limit and measures, and implement the rectification contents. (3) Re-educate some workers whose safety awareness has faded during construction. (4) During the construction period, the operation team shall be assessed once a day, and a reward and punishment system shall be implemented. The main assessment contents are: (1) preventing falling from high places; (2) prevent objects from hitting; (3) Safe power consumption for submersible pump pumping; (4) Proper use of seat belts, helmets, safety ropes and safety hooks; (8) Inspection and acceptance of construction machinery, etc. (5) After-work summary and improvement work in place: (1) Summarize the overall work through the weekly safety meeting of the project department, learn from experience, define the responsibility objectives, and eliminate potential accidents. (2) Improve the deficiencies in the work, take effective measures to remedy and strengthen the prevention work. (3) brainstorm, accept constructive suggestions from all sides and take practical actions. To sum up, all the staff of our department go all out to formulate safe and applicable safety management scheme and safety protection measures, and resolutely control the safety accidents of pile foundation at 0. Seven. Precautionary measures for emergency treatment of safety accidents (1) Common safety accidents of manual digging piles (1) Falling objects on the ground or at high altitude (2) Power consumption (3) Failure of lifting tools (4) Falling of lifting tools and muck (5) Blasting (6) Toxic gas appears in the pile hole, causing suffocation. (II) Preparation measures for emergency treatment of safety accidents The common safety accidents in this project mainly occur in wells. The measures are as follows: 1. Rescue tools: Safety ropes, artificial cradles, hanging baskets, safety belts, safety helmets, anti-virus appliances, ventilation pipes and tool carts shall be provided at the construction wellhead. 2. Set up a safety rescue team: 2-4 young people, site medical staff and full-time site safety officers are selected to form a rescue team, and all construction personnel are on standby. Take the safety officer as the leader of the rescue team and take full responsibility for the rescue of safety accidents. 3. rescue: 4. In case of falling injury or shaft wall collapse, immediately contact the upper and lower interphones to understand the injury, immediately organize personnel to rescue, stop other wellhead operations, dismantle wellhead equipment, place artificial cradles and hanging baskets, fasten safety ropes, notify medical personnel and vehicles to the wellhead, and notify ambulances to select young and strong personnel to go down the well if necessary. Keep in touch at any time during the trip and observe whether the surrounding walls are in danger of further collapse, such as 5. When a poisoning accident occurs in the well, immediately stop the operation near the wellhead, transfer the blower and ventilation pipeline near the wellhead to the accident well for ventilation, and immediately organize personnel to wear gas masks and go down to the well for rescue. After the personnel were rescued ashore, they were given artificial respiration by medical staff and rushed to the nearest hospital by emergency vehicles. 6. When an electric shock accident occurs in the well, cut off the power supply urgently, organize personnel to rescue the personnel in the well from the shore, and the medical staff use the standby vehicle to rush to the nearest hospital for rescue. (III) Preparation scheme for emergency treatment of safety accidents In order to do a good job in emergency treatment of safety production accidents in this manual hole digging project of pile foundation and minimize the danger and loss of life and property caused by accidents, the following schemes are formulated: 1, emergency treatment of accidents: (1) Saving lives is above all else; (2) the rescue and report at the same time, report step by step. First, after receiving the report, the rescue was carried out nearby; (3) local obedience to the overall situation, subordinate obedience to the superior; (4) graded responsibility and close cooperation; (5) Minimize losses and prevent and mitigate secondary losses. 2. All departments of the project department can urgently requisition vehicles, equipment and personnel of the project department and the construction teams according to the needs of handling dangerous accidents, and all members of the project department and the construction teams must unconditionally obey the dispatching and requisition. Construction teams and individuals involved in emergency treatment may request appropriate compensation from the Project Department according to relevant regulations. 3. After the dangerous accident, the person in charge of ZuoYeDui and the person in charge of production safety of the project department should immediately rush to the scene of the accident and report to the main leaders of the project department in time. After receiving the dangerous situation, the project department should immediately set up a leading group for handling dangerous situations and accidents, and immediately rush to the scene. The emergency leading group consists of the following personnel: (1) Team leader: the main leader of the project department; (2) Deputy team leader: safety engineer; (III) Team members: members of the safety committee of the project department and relevant personnel temporarily appointed. 4. The main responsibilities of the emergency leading group and emergency coordination group are: (1) to implement the work of the project department, put forward specific emergency measures, and report relevant information. (two) to guide and supervise the emergency handling work, and coordinate and solve major problems in the emergency handling work. (three) grasp the dynamic situation of emergency handling, timely adjust and deploy emergency measures. 5. According to the degree of safety accidents, the emergency treatment leading group shall set up emergency treatment offices for dangerous accidents such as on-site rescue group, aftermath treatment group, communication contact group, logistics support group, operation stability group and cause investigation group, and define the responsible person and contact person. 6. In the emergency treatment, the relevant departments of the parties shall be responsible for the work before arriving at the scene. 7. After a dangerous accident, the accident unit shall immediately call for help from the relevant departments and help itself. Other operation groups should actively assist and support when calling for help. 8. communication. The staff of the communication liaison group should adhere to the day and night duty system, make a good record of duty and arrange emergency treatment. 9. On-site rescue. On-site rescue team personnel should actively treat the dead and wounded, minimize the dead and wounded, and do everything possible to prevent and mitigate secondary losses in line with the principle of "saving lives and healing the wounded". 10, clean up. The person responsible for the accident should deal with the aftermath as soon as possible. Adopt the method of unified management and decentralized reception, and actively do a good job in the ideological work of all staff. In accordance with the provisions, formulate compensation standards for accident handling in a timely manner, and actively do a good job in accident handling compensation. 1 1. Cause investigation. We should do a good job in accident investigation and evidence collection, explore the scene of the accident, investigate and analyze the reasons, and register and inspect its witnesses. 12, logistics support. According to the needs of emergency treatment, mobilize relevant materials, ensure the urgent need of emergency treatment, and provide all living security for emergency treatment personnel. 13, stable operation. Do a good job in ideological stability, maintain the normal order of production, work and life, and ensure the orderly development of daily work. 14, work report. After the emergency treatment, report the emergency treatment in writing step by step. The report must be realistic, and no fraud or concealment of specific details is allowed. 15. According to the actual situation of participating in emergency treatment and the rescue effect, the project department will allocate reward funds for emergency treatment of dangerous accidents from the special safety funds, which will be specially used to reward advanced units and individuals in emergency treatment. 16, if it is verified that in the emergency response work, buck passing, delaying the time limit or lying about the effectiveness of the rescue, informed criticism will be given, and if the nature is serious, the main person in charge will be investigated for responsibility; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated by judicial organs according to law.

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