Bo Yan and Yuan Shundi, Yuan Zhen's uncles, took office as the secretariat after they acceded to the throne, and they were in charge of state affairs for eight years. Father Machaertai has held an important position since Injong. After Bo Yan's ouster, he became the right prime minister of Ren Zhongshu. Tuotuo's death made him do his best to repair the dam ruled by the Yuan Dynasty, and it also became a turning point in the collapse and demise of the Yuan Dynasty.
Tuotuo grew up in his uncle Bo Yan's home. A little longer, I studied in the famous Confucianism and Wu Zhifang.
A native of Pujiang, Wujiang (present-day Zhejiang), with a profound Confucian culture, he has made friends with famous Confucian scholars such as Fang Feng, Xie Ao and Wu Siqi. After swimming to Beijing, he taught in the official residences of Zhou Wang and Shi Yan. After Shi Yan left, he was transferred to Shangdu Road to learn the truth. His father Mazzatai praised his wisdom and compared him to Zhu Gekongming. So he went to the government to teach his son to take off Tuo and Timur first.
Wu Zhifang was Tuotuo's first teacher and later became Tuotuo's confidant staff.
When I was a teenager, I was an obvious general, who could draw a bow and pull a stone. But after Wu Zhifang's kind words, he accepted a lot of Confucian culture. Although I am not used to the life of sitting and reading poetry books all day, my progress is still obvious. Free from good calligraphy and painting, calligraphy is resolute and powerful, just like Yan Zhenqing; Drawing bamboo is very interesting. He was most influenced by Confucianism, and he lived by Confucian standards, and set up the ambition of "The Diary of the ancients praised words and deeds for life" (The Biography of Tuotuo in Yuan History). /Kloc-At the age of 0/5, Tuotuo became the Crown Prince of Araghi Bachiche, the Taiding Emperor.
Guan Xue. Timur acceded to the throne, and he was gradually promoted. In the second year of Tian Li (1329), he was appointed as the director of internal affairs, promoted to the rank of scholar and huachi, and soon served as a lawsuit. In the second year of Shunzhi (133 1), he was awarded the title of general and loyal commander-in-chief. After Moore acceded to the throne, his uncle Bo Yan had the merits of Dai Yi, monopolized the power, and he also made a fortune. In the second year of Tong Yuan (1334), he was promoted from knowing the affairs of Zheng Xuan College and his former post to knowing the affairs of the Privy Council. In the first year of Zhiyuan (1335), in the battle against Tang Qiwei, the son of former right-hand prime minister Yan Tiemu, and his remaining party in Lahai, he made a meritorious military service, became an imperial adviser, commanded the army, and promoted Zuojia Suwei to become an imperial adviser.
Bo Yan is an old minister of Wu Zonghai. After the death of Taiding Emperor in the first year of He Zhi (1328), he supported Yan timur to launch a coup, which was the second largest contributor to capture the position of Emperor Tutimir. Yin Tiemu's son died, Shun Di acceded to the throne, and Bo Yan monopolized the power. Don was dissatisfied with his potential, launched a mutiny and was killed. Since then, Bo Yan "obsessed with the country's military power, arbitrary, so that the ancestors into the Constitution, abuse the world, and gradually schemed" ("Biography of Bo Yan in Yuan Dynasty"). Tuotuo is Bo Yan's nephew. Of course, Tuotuo is regarded as a confidant. He tried to take Tuotuo as a guardian to monitor Moore's daily life. Tuotuo grew up in his home in Bo Yan, but when he witnessed Bo Yan's abnormal behavior, he was deeply impressed by the seriousness of the situation. He is worried that if he fails, Bo Yan will be killed and himself will be implicated. So a coup in the form of internal family struggle is brewing, which is related to the change of regime and policy.
At first, Tuotuo consulted his biological father Mazar-Tai. Tuotuo said to his father, "Uncle is very arrogant. When the son of heaven is angry, our family will be red. " If you are not defeated. Although his father also felt that the situation was serious, he dared not make a move. Tuotuo came to ask about Wu Zhifang. The straight side said, "There is a saying in the biography:' It is worthy of your family's righteousness.' The doctor knows that the court has ears, and the home is not suitable for pity. Tuotuo said, "What can I do?" The straight side said, "If things don't last all day, there will be no pity after death. Even death is a loyal ear. Tuotuo stamped his foot and said, "I've made up my mind." Wu Zhifang quoted allusions to encourage Tuotuo, and finally made Tuotuo determined to eradicate Bo Yan.
The key to further action is to gain the support and recognition of Tuohuan timur. Although timur is young, he is not willing to be a puppet, knowing that Bo Yan is in power and "the emperor suffers from it"; Bo Yan crossed his toes and killed the front of Wang Yong's car, demoted Timur Wang for not spending money, and Wei Wangshun kuanche Puhua, "Emperor Anger"; Bo Yan run amok, "the emperor product can't be flat". Especially in the fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1338), I learned that I missed the Queen Mother Buda (after literacy), and established Yan as a post-ancient thought (after literacy), but abandoned Huan as a post-Moore. He told Wu Zhifang about it and taught him to "inform the emperor, let him know, and take precautions" (weighing Geng Shen and unofficial history). Therefore, there is a * * * ideological basis between Tuotuo and Tuohuan timur. However, in the complicated environment of the imperial court and under the influence of Bo Yan, Tuo Domineering Tiemuer dared not express his position easily, and privately sent his confidants Shi Jieban and Aru to repeatedly test Tuotuo before releasing their doubts and expressing their support for Tuotuo to take action.
In the fifth year of Yuan Dynasty (1339), Tuotuo was prepared twice, but it was not done because of insufficient preparation. This year, the contradiction between Tuotuo and Bo Yan has actually been exposed. 1 1 month, Meng Fan, a Taiwanese official in Henan province, was dissatisfied with his low status, falsely spread the imperial edict, wanted to kill the governor, and ordered Duan Fulai, the former governor of Henan Province, to live in the province, calling himself Marshal Henan. Five days later, he was killed. Duan Fu, the envoy implicated in this incident, was furious, and Bo Yan ordered the suggestion to issue a statement saying that the Han people could not be envoys. As an ancient scholar, Tuotuo discussed with Wu Zhifang. Wu Zhifang said: "This ancestral law cannot be abolished, but should be said first." Tuotuo entered the court and told the emperor, so the last chapter of the suggestion was rejected by Tuhuan Timur. Knowing that Tuotuo was out of anger, Bo Yan said to the emperor, "Tuotuo is the son of a minister who is dedicated to helping the Han people. He must be treated." (The Biography of Tuotuo in Yuan Dynasty) Coupled with Tuotuo's surge of troops, Bo Yan became more and more suspicious of Tuotuo.
In February of the 6th year of Zhiyuan (1340), Bo Yan went hunting in Liulin, but it was impossible to get better. Bo Yan invited the prince and Gu Si together. Tuotuo's secret report to his mother said, "My uncle has long had different ambitions, and it will be harmful to the country to attract many guards." Tuotuo conspired with Shi Jieban and Aru, took control of the capital with his soldiers and night guards, and first collected the keys of the capital, and his cronies arranged the gates. That night, Tuoba GUI called Muer a royal slave, a class and a minister of the Imperial Academy in Yudetang. In the middle of the night, the second drum ordered the prince to be afraid of learning, and Zi Neng rode to the Prince Liulin Camp at a rate of thirty, and took Yan Tiegu back to Beijing overnight; That is to say, it is planned to write a letter, blow the book and seal the government, and only send a letter to Liulin. The imperial edict said, "Bo Yan can't be quiet. He is arbitrary and deceived me when I was young. The ancestors became the constitution and abused the world. . Today Bo Yan is the right prime minister of Yuzhou. " ("Geng Shen Waishi")
At dawn, most of the city gates are closed, and Tuotuo sits at the city gates and waits. Bo Yan sent someone to the city gate, asked why, took off the imperial edict and said, "Those who follow Bo Yan are innocent. They can be dissolved immediately and everyone will pay their debts. Bo Yan is the only guilty person. " Bo Yan asked to go to Beijing to bid farewell to the emperor, but was not allowed. Seeing Bo Yan fall from power and influence, he dispersed with a great army. Bo Yan helpless, south. In March, he moved to Bo Yan and settled in Yangchun County (now Guangdong), Nanenfu. On the way, he died of illness on Longxing Road (now Nanchang, Jiangxi).
Although the struggle between Tuotuo and Bo Yan was a power struggle within the ruling group of Yuan Dynasty, it had a profound social background. Since Kublai Khan's implementation of "Chinese law", the struggle between Mongolian nobles around whether to continue to implement "Chinese law" or resist "Chinese law" has been very sharp. Since Bo Yan came to power, the movement of resisting "Chinese law" was rare at the end of Yuan Dynasty. Its purpose was to exclude the Han people, abolish the imperial examination and adopt a series of national oppression policies. Tuotuo was Bo Yan's nephew, but from the perspective of safeguarding the fundamental interests of the Yuan Dynasty, he was dissatisfied with Bo Yan's "rebel ancestor became a constitution", so he launched a coup with the support of the emperor and expelled Bo Yan. Some scholars call this move "pulling out big cockroaches, such as removing rotten cockroaches"; When he died in the post office of Longxing Road, someone wrote a poem on the cloud on the wall: "100 million ingots are not enough, and gold and silver pile up Beidou. Unfortunately, the old master is unlucky and will not send some money to the grave. " After Bo Yan was exiled, he was properly attached to Moore's father Madzar, and he was appointed as the surname and prime minister in Zhongshu. Tuotuo knew about the Privy Council, and Tuotuo's younger brother Timur was appointed as an ancient scholar. After Mazar came to power, he set up a couch in Tongzhou, opened a pub and a junk shop, sold long reed and Huainan salt every day, and was keen on making money in business. Tuotuo asked Buddhists involved in politics to impeach the emperor, forcing Mazzatai to resign. He is still a teacher. In November of the same year, Tuotuo became the right prime minister of Zhongshu.
After Tuotuo came to power, he drastically abolished Bo Yan's "old politics" and promoted a series of new policies, which was called "modernization" in history. At that time, Tuoba attached great importance to Murtuji, trusted Tuotuo very much, and handed over state affairs to Tuotuo. Wu Zhifang plays an important role in the decision-making of detachment. "State affairs and destiny must be in the hands of the people, and the people are also generously taking the four people of Zebei as their own responsibility. If they know everything, the prime minister will do everything and the world will die. Compared with the post-Yuan rule, the former is in the forefront and has a lot of public work. " Since the Zhi Party "says that the Prime Minister can do anything", there is an inevitable connection between detachment and transformation and "Confucianism governing the world". During the detachment, he also presided over the compilation of three histories of Liao, Jin and Song Dynasties. Due to the implementation of the modernization policy, the Confucian scholars who resigned during the Bo Yan dictatorship were successively called into the National History Museum and appointed as the chief executive of Sanshidu. After selection and elimination, some historians were appointed. It is unique in the twenty-four history that so many minority scholars participated in the revision of history. Tuotuo, although he didn't write history, was a veritable viceroy. He used the money he earned from studying in the fields in the three southern provinces before the Southern Song Dynasty as the cost of compiling history, thus solving the financial difficulties. The question of who is "orthodox" in Liao, Jin and Song Dynasties has been debated for a long time, which has affected the development of history revision. Tuotuo advocates that these three histories should be written separately, each holding orthodoxy and treating them equally, and that "the discussants will have a rest".
Three histories were compiled in April of three years (1343), and Liao history was completed in March of four years. Shi Yili advocated guidance and entered Xuanwenge from the history museum, which was very grand. In November of four years, the History of Jin was completed, and in October of five years, the History of Song was completed. It took only two and a half years for the general manager of Sanshi * *, besides laying the foundation for the revision of history in previous dynasties, it was mainly because the president of the capital chose the right person and took effective measures. When Jin Shi and Song Shi were completed, Tuotuo had resigned, so Arutu, the right prime minister of Zhongshu, and Bier, the left prime minister of Zhongshu, were taken as "three major historical events". Tuotuo was in power for the first time and implemented the modernization policy for three years and seven months. Except for the forced opening of Dadukou River due to insufficient argumentation, which resulted in siltation, destruction of houses, death and injury of Ding Fu and nothing, other measures were generally appropriate, and politics was one of the new ones. Han Confucianism "knows everything" (Biography of Yuan Su Tianjue), and the emperor studied hard.
In May of the fourth year, Tuotuo resigned due to illness. In June of seven years, Ma Su Ertai was impeached by the right Prime Minister Bi, and the emperor ordered him to move to Gansu, where he took off his power and let his peers take care of his father, so he lived in Ganzhou (now Zhangye, Gansu) and raised him. 1 1 month, Mazar 'ertai died and returned to the capital. In eight years, Tuotuo was appointed as a teacher, in charge of East Palace affairs.
After Tuotuo resigned, Arutu, Bill and Dole only served as right prime ministers. During this period, there are more than five years. Although timur made great efforts to govern and introduced some new policies, on the whole, the political corruption in the Yuan Dynasty was irreversible. Coupled with frequent natural disasters, peasant uprisings and ethnic minority uprisings have occurred one after another, and social contradictions have further intensified. Facing the deepening social crisis, in the ninth year of Zheng Zhi (1349), Tuohuan timur was reinstated as the right prime minister of Zhongshu.
After the reunion, I took the world as my responsibility and made up my mind to govern this devastated society. At that time, there were several problems before Tuotuo:
First, the serious financial crisis caused by the river disaster.
Only one month after Tuotuo resigned, that is, in the summer and May of the fourth year, it rained heavily for more than 20 days, and the Yellow River flooded, with a water level as deep as two meters, and the Baimao levee (now northeast of Lankao, Henan) was broken in the north. In June, the Golden Dike was decided in the north. Counties along the river such as Jining Road (now Juye, Shandong Province), Cao Zhou (now Heze, Shandong Province), Daming Road (now Daming South, Hebei Province) and Dongping Road (now Dongping, Shandong Province) were flooded. Yuan Ting can't do anything about it, so the water has been immersed in the north. In the first month of Zheng Zheng's eighth year, the river was settled again. First, Jining Road was flooded. Then, "invading Anshan in the north, falling into the canal, extending across Jinan and Hejian, and burying two salt fields in the water was actually an obstacle to the national economy" (The Biography of Jia Lu, a Yuan Zaju), which probably cut off the economic lifeline of the Yuan Dynasty. The interruption of the canal will endanger the supply of most food and daily necessities; Flooding Hejian and the saltworks owned by Shandong Salt Transportation Company will greatly reduce Yuan Ting's fiscal revenue. The empty national treasury is facing a new crisis.
Second, the flood aggravated social unrest.
Since the flood, hungry people and refugees in flooded areas have rebelled, some robbed business travelers, some attacked the government, and there is nothing they can do. Uprising broke out all over the country; In July of the fourth year of Zheng Zheng, Guo Huo, a private salt dealer in Shandong, revolted in Lu, Jin and Yu. In June of six years, Luo Tianlin and Chen Uprising in Liancheng County, Tingzhou, Fujian Province, and Yao Uprising led by Hunan broke out. In October of seven years, there were more than 200 national uprisings; In the spring of eight years, salt merchants in Huangyan, Taizhou (now Zhejiang) rebelled against Yuan. In March of the same year, Liaodong Lock Fire Slave and Liaoyang Uighur Yan Luhuan claimed to be "descendants of Daikin" respectively, and rose up against Yuan. In nine years, Cao Qiqi uprising occurred in Jining (now Taiyuan, Shanxi) and Pingyao counties. In recent ten years, peasant uprisings have occurred successively in lead mountain in Jiangxi, Zhou Zhen (now Yizheng, Jiangsu) and Taizhou (now Jiangsu).
Third, the contradictions within the ruling clique are acute.
After Tuotuo appeared, the faction headed by the right prime minister Bi Wei, who didn't spend money, had an old grudge with Tuotuo's father and son. 10 people became brothers with the left prime ministers Taiping, Han Jianan and right prime minister Tumandier, and once impeached Mazar's platform, making them migrate to Ganzhou. Hama and her brother Melissa Zhou from Li Kang are favored by Moore because their mother is Ningzong's wet nurse and their two brothers are guardians. When Tuotuo was in the same position, Hama officials were familiar with the Privy Council and were related to Tuotuo in all aspects. After taking off his clothes to take pictures, he was attacked by other children who didn't dare to spend money. Hama tried his best to defend himself when he was in Tuhuan timur. In the ninth year of Zheng Zheng, Taiping and Han Jianan supported the proposal to disintegrate Hama's crimes, and attached Muer to seize Hama and Melissa Zhou's office, and Taiping, Han Jianan and Waller Haishou were all demoted. A few days later, he was reinstated as the right prime minister, and in order to repay Hama's defense, he took further revenge on Taiping and others, making Taiping exiled to Shaanxi. Han Jianan killed the stolen goods with a stick, and his bald son was named Sichuan Oil City, and was killed on the way. Tuotuo called Harvard again, and from then on, he was killed.
As for corrupt officials, lax discipline and uneven taxation are a social phenomenon that is hard to return, and it is impossible to manage these problems without them. The urgent task is to solve the financial crisis and harness the Yellow River.
The quickest way to solve the financial crisis is to amend the banknote law. Since the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the circulation of paper money has soared and depreciated constantly. Later, a large number of banknotes were printed in the past dynasties, which caused great pressure on the mindfulness period. Coupled with the rampant counterfeiting of banknotes, the banknote law has been abolished. In April of the tenth year, Wu Qi, the director of the left department, suggested changing banknotes, and Shu Zhedu, the minister of the official department, supported the change of banknotes, and put forward a plan, that is, banknotes will always be based on saving copper coins and money. Tuotuo will convene officials from Zhongshu Province, Privy Council, Yushitai, Jixian County and Hanlin for further discussion. There was a heated debate at the meeting. University students in Jixian County and imperial academy Lu Sicheng were the most resolute in their opposition, but they were suppressed and finally made up their minds to change the banknotes. Timur approved the change plan of Zhongshu Province and issued a decree saying: I heard that the emperor's rule was suitable at that time, and the profit and loss side was concerned about change. However, at the beginning of the founding of the Yuan Dynasty, my ancestor, the emperor, promulgated the unified issuance of paper money, with money as the text. Although the rules of drum casting are not advanced, the meaning of two coins is already there. Later, it was printed and made into ingots, one for five, which was called the right of mother and son, but the money was useless. Over the years, the banknote law is too weak, prices are soaring, traitors are increasing, and civilian use is scarce. Love to consult courtiers and learn from public opinion, saying that saving the disadvantages will be more complicated. With the unified payment of paper money, 1000 copper coins were saved, accurate to two silver coins, and they were cast to be used together with copper coins of past dynasties. When it comes to Yuanbao banknotes, the flow is the same. Mother and son are in power, and the harmony between the old and the new is the initial intention of the legislation of the last ancestor. (Records of Food in Yuan Dynasty) The specific method of changing banknotes is as follows: 1. Print "orthogonal banknotes" (in fact, the words "orthogonal banknotes" are stamped with old banknotes, so they are also called "Zheng Zhi Zhongtong banknotes"). There are 1000 copper coins or two gold ingots in the new banknotes, and the value of the straight-through banknotes is twice that of the Bao Zhiyuan banknotes. The second is to issue the "Supreme Bao Tong Qian", which is used in conjunction with ancient coins of past dynasties, so that banknotes can pass and money can be tested.
In the 11th year of Zheng Zheng (135 1), new banknotes were issued at the same time as Bao Tong, and inflation soon appeared as a result. "Not long after, the price soared by more than ten times", "Shi Jing's ten-ingot paper money is expected (fifty taels per ingot), and a bucket of millet is rare", "all the states and counties where you are located have trade in goods, and the paper money accumulated by public and private is not good" (History of the Yuan Dynasty, Records of Food Goods). The final result of changing money is a complete failure.
While exchanging money, we are determined to harness the Yellow River.
As early as February of the eighth year of Zheng Zheng, Yuan Ting set up a water supervisor in Yuncheng, Jining, and appointed Jia Lu as the water supervisor to take charge of river disasters. After on-the-spot investigation, topographic survey and map drawing, Jia Lu put forward two strategies: "One is to build a north dike to prevent lateral collapse, which is more labor-saving;" Second, at the same time, it is several times as much work as it is to hold the east and return to the east to restore the old road "("Yuan Chuan "). But his suggestion was not adopted. Nine years later, after the complicated stage of detachment, a seminar on river management was held. As the messenger of water transport, Jia Lu once again put forward his own idea of river management, and further emphasized that "Nanhe River and Saibei River must be dredged to build old roads. "If things are not successful, harm cannot be done" (Biography of Cheng Zun in Yuan History). Take the initiative and take the next step. Despite the resistance of Shang Shucheng of the Ministry of Industry, he firmly said: "Although things are difficult, the disease is difficult to treat. Rivers have been difficult to treat since ancient times, and now they must be removed! " (The Biography of Tuotuo in the History of Yuan Dynasty) Tuotuo knows that "this disease is difficult to treat" and that he will take great risks, but he still resolutely "wants to get rid of it"; He knows that the more hopeless and difficult it is to solve, the more serious the problem of hungry people and refugees will be. Tuotuo takes this river as an important means to stop "more and more thieves".
On the fourth day of April in the 11th year of Zheng Zheng, Tuohuan timur officially approved the river regulation, wrote to the Chinese and foreign governments, and appointed Jia Lu as the minister of the Ministry of Industry and the general river regulation ambassador. He sent 15 people from the capital of song dynasty and Daming 13, and sent 20,000 people from Luzhou (now Hefei, Anhui) to serve. Construction started on April 22, and the dredging project was completed in July. On August 29, the water was released into the old stadium, and the ship sailed in September, and the mouth plugging project began. 1 1 month 1 1 day, when the wood and soil are finished, the embankment will be built. The whole project is 190 days. Jia Lu successfully completed the river regulation project according to his plan of dredging and blocking at the same time, dredging first and blocking later. At the time of Lu Zhishen, the founder Han took the opportunity to chisel a one-eyed stone man and buried him in Huanglinggang in advance, and circulated a folk song: "The one-eyed stone man provoked the Yellow River to turn against the world." At the beginning of May, Hanhe launched an uprising in Yingshang, Yingzhou (now Anhui), and a peasant war broke out at the end of Yuan Dynasty.
After the outbreak of Yingshang Uprising, Han was killed and sacrificed by the imperial court, but after successfully occupying Yingzhou, he quickly entered Zhugao, Luoshan, Zhenyang, Queshan, Runing, Western Zhou and Gwangju in Henan, with a population of 6.5438+million. In the summer of the same year, Peng Yingyu soldiers went to Huaixi. In August, Pixian people Li Er (Sesame Plum), Zhao Junyong, Peng Da and their son Jujube Bamboo occupied Xuzhou; Macheng people, blacksmith Zou Pusheng, Luotian people and cloth merchant Xu Shouhui set out for qi zhou (now Qichun South, Hubei). In October, Xu Shouhui established Tianwan regime in Keqishui (now Xishui, Hubei). In December, Quan Wang captured Dengzhou and Nanyang, which was called "North Cable Red Army" in history. In the first month of the 12th year, Meng Haima and others captured Xiangyang (now Hubei), which was called "Sonan Red Army" in history. In February, Guo Zixing and others from Dingyuan captured Haozhou (now northeast of Fengyang, Anhui). The Chinese Red Army in the north, south and west rose almost at the same time, which was unexpected by Yuan Ting.
In the face of this sudden storm, the detached mood is extremely complicated. Courtiers talk about governing the river, and some people think that the Central Plains will be chaotic. After getting rid of the suppression of dissidents, the chaos in the Central Plains was expected. So he rushed to send troops to suppress it. As a result, it backfired, and the fire of the uprising grew stronger and stronger. Therefore, when discussing politics, Tuotuo always denies this nerve-racking thing. One day, Tuotuo, who was right attached to Moore, was called away. He said angrily, "You said the world was at peace. Now that the Red Army is half a world away, what should the Prime Minister do? " Tuotuo sweated and was speechless for a while.
There are two main countermeasures for the Prime Minister: First, step up the prevention of Han people and southerners. When discussing military affairs, Han Chinese and southern bureaucrats must avoid it. One day, Tuotuo played in the palace, which was related to military strength. Looking back, I saw Zhongshu Zuocheng Han Yuanshan and Zhongshu participating in politics, followed by Han Yong, who immediately ordered the gatekeeper to stop him from entering. So, he played a good song and posted Moore: "Now the Han people in Henan are rebelling, it is appropriate to announce it to the world and order the arrest. Recruit all Mongolians in exile back to Beijing, and don't make mistakes. " On one occasion, a provincial official in Zhongshu took a document entitled "Rebellion" and gave it to Tuotuo, who thought it was "the rebellion of Han people in Henan". These two events show that Tuotuo still has to rely on the policy of national oppression to maintain his rule at the critical moment of life and death of Mongolian aristocrats. The second is to adopt a bloody suppression method. After the Yingzhou Uprising broke out, the Tuotuo Privy Council governors Hirsch and Twitch led the Soviet Union to suppress it, and the result was defeat. Soon, he sent his brother Timur and others to lead more than 10 thousand troops into Henan, and he was defeated by Shahe without fighting. Tuotuo also used the local landlord armed forces-militia to suppress the insurgents, among which Chahan Timur in Shenqiu (now Linquan, Anhui) and Li Siqi in Luoshan were the fiercest, posing the greatest threat to the Red Scarf Army in the Central Plains.
In August of the 12th year, Tuotuo led an army to Xuzhou. When Li et al. occupied Xuzhou, all the counties were near Xuzhou, which was located at the intersection of the Yellow River and the Canal. The Red Scarf Army cut off the supplies to the capital through grain transportation. In September, Tuotuo attacked Xuzhou and carried out a cruel massacre. Sesame plum was killed. The detached head teacher returned to North Korea and properly attached Moore as a big teacher. In order to establish Tuotuo Temple in Xuzhou, he established a reputation in Xuzhou, which is a great achievement.
After Xuzhou suppressed the Red Scarf Army, the Yuan Army joined forces with the local landlords to suppress the Red Scarf Army in the north, south and west, forcing all the Red Scarf Army to turn into a low tide. Under the illusion that one faction was at its peak and the world was at peace, the ruling group headed by Tuo Domineering timur in the Yuan Dynasty further degenerated, and politics became darker.
After the reunion, he expressed deep gratitude to the Hama brothers and promoted Hama to the right of the Chinese book. However, Tuotuo relied heavily on Zuo Si Langzhong as a cypress, which caused Hama's dissatisfaction. Tuotuo changed Hama to be the ambassador of Zheng Xuan Academy, ranking third, so Hama held a grudge against Tuotuo. In order to please Queen Kishi Nobusuke and Prince Ai Yu, Hama asked Tuotuo to discuss the gift of giving the Crown Prince a treasure book, and Tuotuo shirked it. Hama is good at flattery, secretly introducing Buddhist monks and teaching Tu Huan to stick to Moore's luck. Hama's sister-in-law, Tulu Timur, a university student in Jixian County, also recommended the Buddhist Sangha Phosphorus to teach the method of "acting" ("great joy" in Chinese), making it a skill in the room and inducing Tuhuan to insist on Moore's lewdness. Timur Reuters married ten people, including Lao Sha, and introduced noble families and noble women into the palace to have fun with Moore and Ina. The monarch and his subjects completely ignored the shame, and men and women enjoyed themselves naked. Ugly and indecent behavior, smelling it outside, it is easy to hate Hama and his gang. At this time, when Tuotuo used the war to stop, he mastered agricultural production quite effectively. In March of 13th year, it was suggested by Zuo Cheng, Sun Liangzhen, and You Cheng, Wu Liangha Tai that in this area, they also served as senior agricultural officers, leading the senior agricultural affairs in the town from Xishan in the west, Baoding and Hejian in the south, Tan, Tan and Dong in the north. All official land and original management areas should be reclaimed, and water conservancy, tenancy and labor prices should be adopted. There was a good harvest that year. Set up agricultural teachers in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Huaidong and other places, recruit 1000 people who can plant paddy fields and build cofferdams as agricultural teachers, teach people to sow seeds, and distribute them to each farmer 10 ingots.
Just when the Red Scarf Army was temporarily defeated, Zhang Shicheng, a salt merchant in Taizhou (now Dongtai, Jiangsu), rose up in the early 13th year of Zheng Zhi and attacked Taizhou and Gaoyou. In the first month of 14th year, according to Gaoyou, Zhang Shicheng claimed to be the sincere king, with the title of Zhou, and changed to God bless. In June, Shicheng broke Yangzhou and the North-South Canal was blocked. In September, Tuo's bossiness killed Moore again, and he went to Gaoyou in the south. His imperial edict statement is quite sincere: "I am in charge of the world by the prime minister, and there are many reasons in the world." I am worried about it, let it work, and it is natural for you to go. " The general system of Tuotuo is that all kings love horses and all provinces have their own wings. The commander-in-chief of Du Dong and the officers and generals leading the troops number in the millions. Even "all the western regions have sent troops to help, and the flags have been tired for thousands of miles, and the drums have shaken the wild, which has made a good start." (Tuotuo Biography). In November, the Yuan army arrived in Gaoyou, and the two sides fought outside Gaoyou. Shicheng was defeated and retreated into the city. The Yuan Army divided its forces to attack Liuhe, Yancheng, Xinghua and other places.
Before Tuotuo started his career, he appointed you Zhong Bai as a scholar to assist his younger brother Timur as a court official. Tathagata thought Hama would be a future trouble and advised him to get rid of it. Tuotuo hesitated and ordered to discuss with Timur first. Timur has always been incompetent, thinking that Hama has contributed to himself and refused to obey. Hama was told that Tuotuo would delay the ceremony of the crown prince's book and treasure, and anger the strange queen, crown prince and Tuotuo's brotherhood. After Tuotuo's debut, Moore's life was appropriate, and Hama was appointed as the official of the Chinese book. Hama was in power, that is, he instigated Yushi Yuansai not to play brothers, and the throne said, "Tuotuo debuted in March and did not contribute. He used the wealth of the country for his own use, and officials in the semi-imperial court thought he would follow suit. Moreover, his younger brother defiled the Qing Dynasty with Timur's mediocrity and blasphemy. His discipline and politics have not improved, and his greed and lust have benefited him. " Yi Huan paste Muir credulous slanderers, again afraid to become the second Bo Yan, first Timur, then cut off the relieving.
When the imperial edict reached the army, Gong Bo, a member of the Senate, said to Tuotuo, "You will leave and your life will not be affected.
Moreover, the Prime Minister tasted the secret order when he first debuted, and now he is willing to discuss it with the secret order. If the imperial edict doesn't open, it will open, and the big event will go away. Tuotuo said, "The emperor ordered me, but I didn't obey, which was against the world. What does this mean? " If you don't obey, you will hand over the military power, and the left prime minister of Henan Province, Taibuhua, will take over. Hara, deputy envoy of the guest province, replied: "Our generation will die at the hands of others during the trip to the Prime Minister. Today, we would rather die in front of the Prime Minister. " Then he drew his sword and died. Easy to get cold feet, Gaoyou has a million troops at the gates. "Army millions, scattered at the moment. . . Most of them came from the Red Army, and the first army entered Xiangyang, and the number of the first soldiers was also ("Gengshen Waishi"). The defeat of the Yuan army in Gaoyou campaign was a turning point in the peasant war at the end of the Yuan Dynasty. Since then, the peasant uprising troops of all walks of life have changed from passive to active, and once again set off a larger armed uprising climax. About 65,438+00 years later, the censor wrote: "Evil spirits harm ministers, making them vulnerable to enemies. Since then, China's domestic soldiers have been sluggish, money and food consumption have begun, thieves have been rampant, and the people have painted charcoal. " If you can't die, you will be safe in today's chaos! "("Yuan Shi Shun Di Ji ") Tuotuo was first placed in Huai 'an Road, and was soon ordered to move to Jijinai Road (now southeast of Ejina Banner, Inner Mongolia). In March of the 15th year, Zhao fled to West Road, Xuanwei Town, Dali, Yunnan (now Tengchong West, Yunnan), and then to Timur, Diaomen, Sichuan. Tuotuo's eldest son, Hara Zhang, was placed in Suzhou, and his second son, Sanbao Nulan, was placed in Lanzhou, but he didn't have an account. /kloc-in October/February, Hama ordered Tuotuo to be taken down in Yunnan, when Tuotuo was only 42 years old. In twenty-two years, he was rehabilitated, and his official title was proclaimed, and his property was restored. Halazhang, Sambo Nu recalled my official.