Chao [Chao, Chao, pronounced], not]

I. Origin of surname:

The first origin: from Ji surname, from Zhou's youngest son, in the ancient Zhou Dynasty, it belonged to the ancestor's surname.

After the death of King Jing of Zhou, several governors fought for power and profit, and the Zi Dynasty ended in failure. Since then, the descendants of the Zi Dynasty have taken Chao as their surname and called Chao's.

In ancient times, "Chao" was commonly used with "Chao" and "Yi", and "Chao" was the ancient word of "Chao", so the Chao family became the main branch of the surname of Chao.

The second origin: from the surname Ji, from the doctor of Wei in the Spring and Autumn Period, belonging to the name of the ancestor.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, Shi Chao, a doctor of Weiguo, was very outstanding politically. His descendants took his ancestors' names as their surnames and called him Chao's.

During the Western Han Dynasty, the Chao family produced a famous minister-Chao Cuo (from 200 BC to 154 BC, Yingchuan is now Yuzhou, Henan). He was determined to carry out the political reform of the Han empire, and was told by Emperor Wendi that he was too familiar with it. He was ordered to take the Book of History from Fu Sheng. Later, the orders of the doctor and the prince were deeply loved by Prince Liu Qi, and they were called "think tanks". He advocated attaching importance to agriculture and weakening the power of the king. After Liu Qi ascended the throne as emperor, Chao Cuo moved to literature and history, and was later promoted to an imperial envoy, ranking in the position of three public officials. He was hated by the vassal king because he adopted the policy of severing the vassal relationship with Han Jing. Therefore, the seven vassal states, led by Wu Wang and Liu Bi, launched a large-scale rebellion under the pretext of "killing Chao Cuo and clearing the monarch's side".

Under great internal and external pressure, Prime Minister Tao Qing, Captain Chen Jia, Ting Wei, Ou Zhang and other DPRK ministers took the opportunity to impeach Chao Cuo, and their charges were also very serious, that is, "the courtier died, and it was a big rebellion"; The penalty applied for is "the wrong (Chao Cuo) should be beheaded (halved), and parents, wives and concubines should all abandon the fair", that is, Chao Cuo will be beheaded regardless of family relatives and age. Abandoning the city is a kind of death penalty determined by Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, which means "punishing people in the city and abandoning them with others". Tao Qing, Chen Jia, Ou Zhang and others also said to Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty: "As long as you agree to the demands of the seven countries, you will kill Chao Cuo, avoid the crime of waiting for soldiers, restore the original fief, and withdraw your troops."

Hearing these words, Emperor Jing of Han said, "If they can really withdraw their troops, why should I be reluctant to part with Chao Cuo alone?" In order to alleviate the contradictions inside and outside the Han Dynasty, Emperor Han Jingdi gave instructions on the impeachment.

Captain Chen Jia was immediately sent to Chao Cuo's home to convey the emperor's orders and asked him to hold court proceedings. Chao Cuo was completely kept in the dark, immediately put on royal clothes and followed Chen Jia to get on the bus. When the horses and chariots passed through Chang 'an, Chen Jia suddenly took out the imperial edict and told Chao Cuo to get off and listen. Then Chen Jia announced the order of Emperor Han Jing, and a group of soldiers tied Chao Cuo behind him. Chao Cuo, who devoted himself to maintaining the Han family, was beheaded in this way.

After Han Jing killed Chao Cuo, he sent a letter to the seven countries asking for withdrawal. By this time, Wu has won several battles and won a lot of territory. When he heard that he wanted to worship the imperial edict of Emperor Han Jing, he sneered: "Now I am also the emperor, why should I worship?"

Dahan Barracks General Deng Gong went to Chang 'an to report the military situation to Emperor Han Jing. Emperor Han Jing asked him, "Did you know that Chao Cuo was dead when you came out of the barracks? King Wu Chu is willing to retreat? "

Deng Gong said angrily, "The prince of Wu has been preparing to rebel for more than ten years. This time, he only used the land to cut the land because of his hair. Where is Chao Cuo? Your Majesty killed Chao Cuo by mistake, and I'm afraid no one will dare to persuade the court in the future. "

Emperor Jing realized that he had made a big mistake, but it was too late to regret it.

Fortunately, Zhou Yafu, a trusted general, can fight well. Instead of directly fighting the rebels in Wu Chu, he sent a large group of hussars to copy their rear roads and cut off the route for providing foodstuff for the rebels. Wu Chu two armies have no food, first chaos. Then, Zhou Yafu launched a drumming attack and defeated Wu Chu's military forces.

Wu and Chu took the lead in rebellion. When these two countries were defeated, the other five countries soon collapsed. In less than three months, the Han imperial army put down the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms.

After Han Jing put down the rebellion, although the descendants of the seven countries were still granted the throne of the vassal state, from then on, the vassals could only collect rent in their own feudal countries, but they were not allowed to interfere in local administration, so their power was greatly weakened and the central government of the Han Dynasty was consolidated. Only one Chao Cuo died.

At that time, many descendants of Chao Cuo converted to Chao's family in order to avoid this injustice, and the executor sent by the emperor to kill his family did not know that "Chao" and "Chao" were actually the same word, so he somehow spared Chao Cuo's sons and nephews, and this Chao's family has been passed down to this day.

The third origin: from the change of surnames of all ethnic groups, it belongs to the sinicization of changing surnames into surnames.

Mongolian people have Tude (meaning "eternal rock") surnames, including Chao, Chao, Cao Shi and Qiao, all of which are Chinese surnames of Tude, belonging to homophonic Chinese characters with initials. In addition, some people take Shi as Chinese, because the Mongolian word "Lu Chao" means "stone" and "rock", which belongs to the meaning of Chinese translation.

There is no "Chao" surname in the original surname of the Hui nationality, which should be the Chao surname after the Mongolian nationality of the Hui nationality. The integration of Mongols into the Hui nationality began in the mid-Yuan Dynasty. According to the historical book "History of Duosan Mongolia" quoted by the ancient Persian scholar "Historical Records", "Most of the 150,000 Mongolian soldiers led by Anan, king of Anxi, believed in Islam and became Muslims". In the early Ming Dynasty, Hu Yu, Hu Fu and Hu surname were banned, which made some Mongolians join the ranks of Hui people, and some Mongolians who joined in the Ming Dynasty became Hui people. Today, there are still surnames such as Tuo, Tuo, Tie, Da, Duo, Huo, Tie, Yan, He, Ta, Hu, Sa, He and He in the Hui inhabited areas in the northwest. Almost all these surnames come from Mongolian surnames. This theory needs further study. Today, the Chao clan of the Hui nationality is mainly distributed in the northwest of China.

Ancestor: Wang Zichao.

Textual research from historical documents shows that in ancient China, the pronunciations of Chao, Yi and Chao were exactly the same, so they were often common. According to the ancient book "Customs Tong", Chao is the heir of the doctor of Wei. And in Historical Records, Historical Records? Biography of Chao Cuo? "Suoyin" records: "Chao's family came out of Nanyang, and now it is also behind Chao's family in western Hubei. "History Book" Tongzhi? Genealogy points out that the ancestor of this family is Wang Zichao, the son of King Jing of Zhou, or Shi Chao (also known as Shi Yi), a doctor of Wei. According to the ancient book Rat Spectrum, the Chao family was changed from the Chao family. In this way, Chao and Chao's surnames have a history of at least 2500 years. They are all descendants of the surname Ji. Therefore, the descendants of Chao are called ancestors.

4. County HallNo.:

1. Hope County:

Jing Zhao: The original name is Jing, and the word "Yin" is Taishou. In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty (BC 104), Jing, one of the three helpers, changed to the right civil history and ruled in Chang 'an (now Shaanxi An).

Yingchuan County: The seat of the government is Yangzhai (now Yuzhou, Henan).

Ancient Zangcheng: Governance is located in Wuwei County, Gansu Province today. The political and military center of Hexi Corridor in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. It was once the capital of Liang Qian and Hou Liang, and Nanliang and Beiliang were also here.

Nanyang County: During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there were many areas called Nanyang. Nanyang mentioned by Lu refers to the land south of Mount Tai and north of Wenshui. Nanyang in Shanxi refers to the area south of Taihang and north of the Yellow River.

2. Hall number:

Think Tank Hall: Chao Cuo of the Han Dynasty told stories for imperial academy, and the Emperor Wen sent him to study Shangshu with Fu Sheng. Call him a think tank. He was an ancient scholar when Emperor Han Jingdi was there.

Xue Shutang: In the Han Dynasty, Chao Cuo told the story of imperial academy, and the Emperor Wen sent him to Fu Sheng to learn the Book of History. Call him a think tank. He was an ancient scholar when Emperor Han Jingdi was there.

Five historical celebrities

Chao Zhiguo: (A.D. 1944 ~ present), Mongolian; Huang Qi Town, Inner Mongolia. President and economist of Erlian Shihao Agricultural Bank.

Representative of the 11th People's Congress of Erenhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

1September 1960 to1August 1979, worked as an accountant and loan officer in the grass-roots office of Susie People's Bank, and served as the deputy section chief and chief of the agricultural unit in the sub-branch; 65438+September, 0979 ~19865438+February, served as the head of the credit unit of the China Agricultural Bank Xisuqi Sub-branch; 198 1 March ~1September, 1984, served as vice president of Abaga Banner Sub-branch of Agricultural Bank of China, taking charge of overall work; 1984, 10 ~ 1987, 10, President of Wulagai Sub-branch of China Agricultural Bank; 1987165438+1993 10 ~ 65438+February, served as the chief of agriculture and animal husbandry credit section of Xilin Gol League Central Branch of China Agricultural Bank; 1March, 1993 to1June, 1997, served as the auditor-general of Xilin Gol League Central Branch of Agricultural Bank of China.

65438+1Since July 1997, he has served as President, Party Secretary and Party Secretary of Erenhot Branch of Agricultural Bank of China.

Chao Fulin: (A.D. 1947 ~ present), Hui nationality; People from Langfang, Hebei.

Secretary of the Party branch of Anci Vocational Education Center in Langfang City, Hebei Province, and member of the third and fourth CPPCC in Anci District.

Chao Ge Le: (A.D. 1947 ~ present), Mongolian, from Zhelimu League, Inner Mongolia. Famous filmmakers and artists.

He is currently the deputy manager and second-class artist of Bayannaoer Film Company in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. 1963 joined the army and worked as an artist and part-time film projectionist in the political department of the Mongolian army. 65438-0969, working in a film company in a certain area, engaged in film propaganda for a long time.

He is good at painting, calligraphy and movie posters, and participated in the Inner Mongolia movie poster exhibition. He participated in the exhibition twice and won the prize. His propaganda papers have been selected into the film world, and his professional papers have made certain contributions to the film industry as full-time authors. He was awarded the honorary certificate of "Thirty Years' Contribution to Film Work" by China Film Company, which was included in Who's Who of China Contemporary Art Circles, Dictionary of World Contemporary Painting and Calligraphy Sealers and Collection of China Contemporary Film Management Talents, and was awarded the honorary title of International Silver Award Artist by AIA on 1998.

The oil paintings representing personal painting style were selected into the Exhibition of Famous Contemporary Painters in China, A Mirror of Modern Art in China and Japan, Centennial Exquisite Festival of Famous Chinese and Korean Painters, Selected Works of Fine Arts in China, and Exhibition Ceremony of Famous Contemporary Painters in the World. The oil painting Huaxi won the first prize of the 50-year Seminar on Socialist Literature and Art in China.

At present, he is a member of China Inner Mongolia Artists Association, a reserve member of International Artists Association, a member of World Zen and Buddhist Painters Association, a member of World Zen Culture Friendship Association and a member of China-Korea Art Expert Committee of International Artists Association.

Lu Chao: (A.D. 1948 ~ present), Mongolian; Hohhot, Inner Mongolia. Head of Animal Husbandry Department of Hohhot Animal Husbandry and Non-staple Food Bureau.

Independent and co-authored works officially published by People's Publishing House include: Comprehensive Agricultural Zoning in Hohhot, Zoning of Animal Husbandry in Hohhot, Investigation of Grassland Resources in Hohhot, Variety Resources of Animal Husbandry in Hohhot, Research on Population Growth and Non-staple Food Supply in Hohhot, and Brilliant Achievements of Animal Husbandry in Hohhot in Twenty Years of Reform and Opening-up.

Participated in agricultural comprehensive zoning and animal husbandry zoning won the second prize of scientific and technological achievements of the Ministry of Agriculture, the first prize of the autonomous region and the special prize of the mayor, the research project of grassland resources investigation and its development and utilization in Inner Mongolia won the second prize of scientific and technological progress in the autonomous region, and the "Hohhot Animal Husbandry 142 13 Project" won the special prize of the mayor.

Lu Chao: (A.D. 1954 ~ present), Mongolian; Inner Mongolia Chayou Houqi people. Director, Environmental Protection Bureau of Urban and Rural Construction, Siziwangqi.

Representative of the 4th Wang Qi People's Congress of Wulanchabu League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

1977 ~ 1983 teaches at No.1 Primary School in Siziwangqi; 1984 ~ 1987 as the director of the organization department of the Fourth Committee of Wang Qi; 1988 ~ 1990 served as the deputy director of the Wang Bin Municipal Bureau of Labor and Personnel; 1990 ~ 1993 served as the director of the bureau of old cadres in Siziwangqi; 1March 1994 to1March 1999 served as deputy director of Wang Bin Urban and Rural Construction Environmental Protection Land Administration Bureau, in charge of land management.

I personally presided over the completion of the benchmark land price evaluation, the overall land use planning, the demarcation of basic farmland and pasture, the land change investigation, the land market rectification, the cadastral survey of Wuzhen Town, the registration and certification of the State-owned Land Use Certificate, the Song Dynasty Construction Land Use Certificate and the upgrading of the whole flag file, which laid a scientific foundation for strengthening land management.

Its participation in the "Wuzhen Land Price Evaluation" project won the second prize of outstanding achievements of the Ministry of Land and Resources and the first prize of scientific and technological progress in the autonomous region; The investigation of physical towns and land clearing has reached the excellent level of the Ministry of Resources after the acceptance of the regional alliance, and the file management has been upgraded to the second level of the autonomous region.

During the overall work period from 65438 to 0998, the bureau was rated as an advanced collective of environmental protection and an excellent unit of land management in the autonomous region by the Union Administrative Office. 1997 was rated as an advanced individual in national unity.

Chaoke: (A.D. 1958 ~ present), Ewenki nationality, full name Dula Osselchaoke; People from Hulunbeier League in Inner Mongolia. Professor and researcher of China Academy of Social Sciences.

Graduated from Central University for Nationalities, majoring in Mongolian literature, and deputy to the National People's Congress.

"Oser" is his father's name, while "dural" inherits the name of his ancestors, which is a tradition named by Ewenki people, hoping that future generations will have the same excellent personality as their ancestors. 1958, Chaoke was born in Nantun Town near grassland and forest in the northeast of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. In this land, Ewenki, Oroqen, Daur, Mongolian, Han and other ethnic groups live. When I was a child, Chaoke spoke Ewenki at home and Mongolian at school. Chinese is a language he came into contact with late, and he didn't really master it until he graduated from high school.

After graduating from high school, Chaoke worked as an educated youth in the local pasture for several years. 1February, 978, Chao Ke took the first college entrance examination after the Cultural Revolution and was admitted to the Mongolian Language and Literature Department of the Central University for Nationalities. Since the third year of college, Chao Ke has been fascinated by linguistics. After reading some linguistic works, he vaguely felt that the national languages he spoke from childhood seemed to contain infinite mysteries. Since then, the language of the northern nationalities has become a mysterious territory that attracts him to explore constantly.

When he graduated from university, his thesis "The Language Structure of Ewenki Language" was valued by China Academy of Social Sciences, and Chaoke became a member of its Institute of Ethnic Studies. 1988, she passed the examination for Japanese foreign students and entered Tokyo Foreign Studies University to study for a doctorate. During his short two years in Japan, he not only completed many doctoral courses on schedule, but also wrote ten academic papers in Japanese, published two monographs, and held special lectures in Japanese 16 universities in his spare time.

When asked why he has made so many academic achievements, Chao Ke joked, "Maybe our family's genes are better, because our family has produced four doctors." Besides him, Chaoke's elder sister karina is a doctor of anthropology from China University for Nationalities, her younger brother Chaoke Cha is a doctor of literature from Chiba University, and his wife Wang Lizhen (Manchu) is a doctor of literature from China University for Nationalities.

When talking about his major and the responsibilities of NPC deputies, it is beyond saying that there is no contradiction between language and writing research and NPC deputies' work. Of course, as a representative of the people in People's Republic of China (PRC), in order to fulfill the obligations and responsibilities of deputies to the National People's Congress, he often participates in various meetings and inspection activities, which really takes up a lot of time engaged in research work. But whenever he thinks of his contribution to the prosperity of the country, the prosperity of humanities and social sciences, and the economic development of Inner Mongolia, he will feel sincerely gratified.

Chaoke submitted a proposal on protecting the traditional culture of ethnic minorities and improving the treatment of scientific researchers at the National People's Congress.

Chao Hongnan: (A.D. 1960 ~ present), born in Beijing. Famous commercial artist.

1989 graduated from the Fine Arts Department of PLA Art College. 1998 Master of Fine Arts Department, University of Tsukuba, Japan. He is currently the executive director of China Dida Painting Association and the executive director of China Overseas Chinese Literature and Art Association.

In recent years, he traveled far to the Sichuan-Tibet Plateau, near the land of Shanxi and Hebei, and between mountains and seas. He created paintings with strong local flavor with passion and sweat. He pursues the ideal realm of returning to simplicity in art, advocates the exchange of Chinese and western cultures in style, and emphasizes the integration of the light and shadow effects of western paintings into the calligraphy lines of Chinese paintings, striving to achieve real and touching artistic effects. His works have participated in large-scale national art exhibitions for many times. 160 works have been published in newspapers and periodicals, and other works have been exported overseas.

1993, CCTV filmed a special art film "A Journey to the Earth" for Hong Chao and broadcasted it overseas. His name has been compiled into various dictionaries, such as China Contemporary Talented Poets Expo and China Art Exhibition Catalogue. 1In February, 1993, Beijing Blue Sky Publishing House published "Sketch Collection of Hong Chao", which was distributed at home and abroad and was affirmed and praised by the art world.

1996 "Evening Prayer" won the award of Kashima Art Exhibition in Japan. Decoration of works: 800 ~ 1000 RMB per square meter.

Lu Chao: (A.D. 1967 ~ present), Mongolian; Huang Qi, a native of Inner Mongolia, is the deputy director of Yinhuang Banner Finance Bureau in Inner Mongolia.

Representative of the 11th People's Congress of Xianghuang Banner in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

65438+1September 1990, joined the work of Qi Finance Bureau; 1September to June 1990 65438+1October1October 1993 65438+1October 1993 65438+1October 1993. From 1998 to 12, he began to serve as deputy secretary in Hayin Harivasumu, Hardensumu, and served as deputy secretary of the Party branch in Gacha, Hardensumu.

He was once rated as an advanced individual in the financial system of the whole region and the whole league and an outstanding worker in the whole flag. From May to August, 65438, he participated in the training course for young and middle-aged reserve cadres in the whole league and was rated as an excellent student.