(Unearthed from Chu Tomb in Jiangling, Hubei)

① Jingpo nationality in Xinjiang, also known as Drum. The drum was hollowed out into a huge wood about 3 meters long, and the double mask was tied tightly with a thong. Put two cross bars or hang them on a wooden frame. Two people each hit a head, or sit on the drum, or jump while playing. Often used for outdoor large-scale song and dance accompaniment. (2) Dong Drum tribute. The drum frame is made of a whole log, about 100 cm long and about 50 cm in diameter. It has two sides of Mengniu skin, slightly larger waist and big iron rings on both sides. Hanging horizontally in the drum tower, it is only used for festivals and gatherings to discuss major issues. A cylindrical drum.

Thick waist drum

① Drum. The big eardrum used by the band is about 50 ~ 100 cm in diameter and covered with Mengniu skin. Generally, it is placed on a drum stand and hammered with two hammers. Used for instrumental ensemble and accompaniment of dance and opera. The diameter of tympanic membrane used for festival celebration is greater than 100 cm, 1 person or several people each hold two hammers. (2) bronze drum, also known as bronze drum, also known as Zhanggu in Qing Dynasty. It's the same shape as a drum, but smaller. Drum diameters are generally 7, 8 and 10 inch. Used for accompaniment and solo of instrumental ensemble, opera and dance. 3 drums. Similar in shape to a drum, but shorter and shorter, also known as a flat drum. Pronunciation is loud and varies in size. Mainly used in song and dance troupes, dance teams, acrobatic troupes and gongs and drums teams. 4 book drums. The drum body is flat and round, the drum diameter is 22 cm, the drum height is 8.5 cm, and the pronunciation is low and loud. Put it on the braided rope of the bamboo tube rack. It is an important accompaniment instrument for all kinds of rap music in the north. When singing, the actor holds a book board or pear in his left hand and a single sign in his right hand. 5 waist drum. Legend has it that it evolved from the outer drum in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The drum body is thick in the middle and thin at both ends, covered with cowhide or mule skin, and there are two iron rings on one side of the drum body. There are four sizes with clear pronunciation. It is often hung around the waist by dancers, who dance with double hammers. Used in folk yangko or festivals and welcoming ceremonies. ⑥ Korean drums are taller than grass. Flat as a book drum, about 25 cm in diameter, with a handle. It is not only a musical instrument, but also a dance prop. When in use, the left hand holds the handle and the right hand holds the stick to play. Often tap dance. ⑦ Korean drums. It is shaped like a Han drum with a diameter of 37.5 cm. When playing, sit on the floor, tap with your left hand and tap with your right hand on the drum surface and drum edge. 8 mountain drums. Drum shaped like the Han nationality, with a membrane diameter of 24-45cm, is used for sacrificial ceremonies, festivals, weddings, sowing and insect repellent in farmland. Pet-name ruby wear drums. The middle waist is slightly thick, nearly cylindrical, and placed on the frame. 1 One person can jump while playing, or two people can play together. During the ensemble, 1 people danced with mallets in front, and 1 people played with long sticks in the back, making a banging sound. /kloc-in the 1950 s, the scale was reduced and it was put on the stage for solo and song and dance accompaniment. Zhuang people are full of drums and collaterals. It is shaped like a big drum, with one-sided Mengniu skin and iron rings in the middle of both sides. When playing, put it on the ground and hit it with a double hammer. It is often used as accompaniment for festival gongs and drums ensemble, lion dance and dragon dance.

Shallow cylindrical drum

(1) Dan Pigu, also known as Ban Gu, tambourine. Spread in Naxi, Dong, Tujia, Mongolian, Han and other ethnic groups. The drum frame is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, and the middle of the drum surface is four high and low at the outside. It was covered on one side and placed on a wooden frame. Play with the stick of 1 or 2, and the voice is high and passionate. It is used to accompany the cave music of Naxi nationality, the stringed gongs and drums of Tujia nationality, the percussion music of Dong nationality and the percussion music and opera of Han nationality. 2 o'clock drum, also known as pregnant drum. Thick wood edges, high in the middle, gradually low on the four sides, and Mengniu skin on both sides. When playing, one side of the drum stand on the right knee, with the drum facing forward. The upper end of the drum stand is supported by the right wrist, with fingers holding mahogany or bamboo sticks to knock, and the left hand holding the board to high-five. Cappella for Fan Shi drum or Kunqu opera.

thin waist drum

① bee drum. Popular in Guangxi Zhuang, Yao and Maonan nationalities. In Yongning and Wuming, the Zhuang nationality is called Yuegu, the Maonan nationality around the Yangtze River is called Changgu, and the Yao nationality in Fangcheng is called Rudao. Some places are also called horizontal drum, tile drum and waist drum. The drum cavity is forged from yellow mud, with two big ends, a spherical end and a trumpet-shaped end. The middle is as thin as a bee's waist, and there are two sides. When playing, the drum rope is hung in front of the head and neck, or placed on a shelf or stool. Hit the ball with a stick in your left hand, beat the other end with your right hand, and stand, sit or dance while hitting. It is mainly used for accompaniment of Shigong Opera and Shigong Dance. 2 Korean stick drum, also known as long drum. Wooden drum body, thick and hollow at both ends, thin and solid in the middle. The drums at both ends are different in size and pronunciation. Put it on a shelf or hang it in front of you. Tap it with a slender stick with your right hand and tap the sides of the drum with your left hand. Used for long drum dance, agricultural dance and instrumental ensemble.

Pier drum

Elephant Foot Drum is popular among Dai, Wa, Bulang, Jingpo, De 'ang, Achang, Lahu, Hani and other ethnic groups. Shaped like a goblet, the top of the goblet is covered with a film and hung on the side. Hold the drum edge with your left hand and beat the drum surface with your right hand alternately. Tap and dance at festivals and festive occasions.

Long drum (1) Yao drum. The drum body is slender, the waist is thin and solid, and the mask is double-sided. You can hang it obliquely on your waist or hold the drum waist in your left hand to play. The drum is on the shelf. Song and dance used in traditional festivals and festive occasions. ② Wa bamboo drums. It is 100 cm long and made of bamboo. The upper mouth is covered with skin, the bamboo tube at the lower end is split into a waist shape, and the lower half is divided into three parts. Stand on the ground and knock with a double hammer; Or hold the drum in your left hand, with the drum facing forward and the hammer in your right hand. Used for singing and dancing. ③ Fishing drum, also known as bamboo harp or drum. On a bamboo tube with a length of 65 ~ 100 cm and a diameter of about 13 cm, one end is wrapped with pigskin or sheepskin. When in use, the left hand holds it vertically, and the right hand slaps the eardrum downward. It is an accompaniment instrument for folk music such as Taoist music, fishing drum and bamboo piano.

Annular drum

① octagonal drum. Named after the octagonal drum rack, it was popular in Beijing in the Ming Dynasty. The drum body is flat and small, seven of them have a pair of small bronze bells, and the other one is a spike, and one side is covered with python skin. When in use, the left hand holds the drum frame, and the right hand flicks, slaps or slaps with fingers and palms. Elastic line typesetting music used in Beijing and Tianjin. ② Taiping Drum. Wrap the iron ring with donkey skin, horse skin or sheepskin, which looks like a round fan. Put a handle under it and decorate it with iron rings or cymbals. Tap the drum surface with rattan and shake the hoop. Used for folk songs and dances of Manchu, Mongolian and Han nationality. ③ Dabu. The tambourines of Uygur, Tajik, Uzbek and other nationalities. The round wooden frame is covered with sheepskin or donkey skin and decorated with several small iron rings. When playing, put your hands on the drum frame, center of gravity of your left hand, hit the drum surface and shake the drum body. (4) Shaman drum, also known as grasping drum, tambourine and single drum. Popular in Manchu, Mongolian, Daur, Ewenki, Oroqen, Hezhe and other ethnic groups. Disc-shaped drumhead, covered with donkey, horse, cow, sheepskin or deerskin, roe skin, and criss-crossed with belts or iron bars on the back, tied with more than 0/0 pieces of copper coins/kloc. When in use, the left hand holds the belt or iron bar, the right hand holds the drumstick, and the head or body of the drumstick is used to strike. Used in shamanism rituals.

boiler barrel

(1) nagra. Iron drums of Uygur, Uzbek and other ethnic groups. The drums are large and small, and are wrapped in sheepskin or donkey skin. The diameter of the big drum surface is 27.5cm, and the diameter of the small drum surface is 20cm. Often two pairs are played on the ground, two hands are hammered, and the pitch of the two drums is four degrees. (2) drum, also known as Hua Pengu. It evolved from the hall drum, also known as the south hall drum. The drum frame is made of wood. The drum body is large and small, and there are skins on both sides. It looks like a flowerpot and is hit with two hammers. According to legend, Liang Hongyu played drums to help out in the Southern Song Dynasty. Now it is widely used in national instrumental ensemble and opera accompaniment. Sometimes solo. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the timpani Hua Pengu was developed with reference to the structural characteristics of western timpani.