Risk prevention of clean government: a new way to prevent corruption

The theory of risk management and total quality management in modern management science, by choosing the most effective way, controls the quality risk in each production link, eliminates potential hidden dangers, and provides a guarantee for modern enterprises to maximize benefits and optimize costs.

Then, can this modern management concept be introduced into the anti-corruption work, and a long-term mechanism for preventing corruption can be established in view of the possible risks of clean government caused by inadequate education, system and supervision, and the inability of party member cadres to be honest and self-disciplined?

Since last year, Chongwen District of Beijing has been carrying out this beneficial exploration and attempt.

Identify three types of risk points: ideological and moral risk, institutional risk and post responsibility risk.

It is the first step to find out the risk points of clean government in various power positions.

By means of self-seeking, mass help, leadership recommendation, organization review, etc., party member cadres were organized to find out the risk points comprehensively and deeply, and effective prevention and control measures were formulated for the risk points.

Start-

Find the risk point and "sun" the power in your hands.

"Looking for a clean government risk point? Why? Isn't this treating us as bad people first? " Zhang Hongbang, director of Yongdingmenwai Taxation Office of Chongwen District Local Taxation Bureau, was a little strange and even more annoyed when he first heard that he was asked to find the risk point of clean government. "I have implemented all relevant tax systems. What is my risk? "

When the word "integrity risk point" first appeared in various functional departments, it set off a "storm" in Chongwen District. The source of this "storm" is the Chongwen District Commission for Discipline Inspection.

Zhang Lan, who holds a master's degree in education management from Arkansas Institute of Technology, became the member of the Standing Committee of Chongwen District Committee and secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission at the end of 2006. How to creatively implement the central government's requirements on building a punishment and prevention system in combination with reality has become the focus of Zhang Lan. Combining the knowledge of management, she came up with a bold idea: borrowing modern management science to find out the risk points in every power post and every work link, and then formulate corresponding preventive measures to move forward the barrier of preventing corruption and minimize the risk of clean government.

Therefore, since last year, an anti-corruption risk prevention management mechanism with "three types of risks, three lines of defense and four links" as the main content has gradually entered people's sight.

"Looking for the risk point of clean government" is an initiative initiated under this idea. Every powerful position is likely to produce corruption. This is the risk of honesty. Including greed, luck, the "blank" or "gray zone" of supervision and management caused by imperfect system, and the discretionary space of various power positions. , can be divided into three categories: ideological and moral risk, institutional risk and post responsibility risk.

The analysis of the causes of corruption cases investigated over the years provides strong evidence for the formation of the theory of clean government risk. The central government's anti-corruption policy of "treating both the symptoms and root causes, comprehensive management, both punishment and prevention, and focusing on prevention" provides the best supporting platform for this practice.

However, among the six pilot units, including the District Labor and Social Security Bureau, the District People's Procuratorate and the District Local Taxation Bureau, there are not a few people who have the same idea as Zhang Hongbang. In the final analysis, finding the risk point of clean government, in a sense, is equivalent to exposing the power in one's hands to the public, including the scope of many discretionary activities and many "hidden rules" that can bring convenience to oneself. Everyone knows that finding out the risk points and formulating corresponding preventive measures are the constraints and restrictions on these rights.

Therefore, when each unit handed over the risk points of clean government to Zhang Lan at the first time, Zhang Lan really realized that this work was more difficult than expected. Most of these identified risk points are empty talk in general terms, such as "What political study is not solid enough, and business processes need to be further standardized", not to mention specific implementation in every post, every work link and everyone.

"Whether the management of integrity risk prevention can become a mere formality depends first on whether the risk points can be identified. People who are not sure can't get through. " Zhang Lan's firm determination made it difficult for all units to "pass the customs", and the most unit was called back for 9 times to find the risk point again.

If you are not sure, ask the other person. If the department is uncertain, ask the superior for instructions. If our unit is not sure, we must mobilize the masses to supplement it. This series of practices must be checked at any time by the supervision team sent by the District Commission for Discipline Inspection and Supervision.

So it took three months to find the risk points in six functional departments in repeated iterations.

Nevertheless, when the relative integrity risk points of each working procedure, each post and each staff member are listed one by one in six pilot units, it marks the successful start of the integrity risk prevention and control method in Chongwen District.

In view of the risk points of clean government, we should check and fill the gaps, establish rules and regulations, and promote politics in good faith

Where power operation is guaranteed, risk prevention measures should be followed up.

Establish three lines of defense: prophase preventive measures, metaphase monitoring mechanism and anaphase disposal methods.

Execute-

Guard against the risks of clean government and do a good job of prevention.

Finding the risk point is only the first step of the risk prevention management method of clean government. According to the identified risk points, it is the fundamental purpose to establish active preventive measures in each post, check and fill gaps, establish rules and regulations, minimize corruption opportunities and protect cadres.

In fact, the hardest part is that although it was difficult to guard against the risk of clean government in Chongwen District at the beginning, it quickly won the support of more people and enterprises. Zhang Hongbang is one of them.

The audit business of tax agency is a link of "doing things according to conscience". Before, in the tax office where Zhang Hongbang was located, he went alone to audit the accounts every time. After a long time, the risk of corruption will naturally increase. "This position falls on too many of our comrades." But in fact, as Zhang Hongbang said, "Corruption often happens unintentionally, and the imperfection of the system often induces people to make mistakes." Therefore, when it is found that the lack of supervision and restriction mechanism in this position is the risk point of clean government, and the audit system of double-post supervision, regular rotation and liquidation group is established accordingly, this loophole is largely blocked.

"Facts have proved that finding risk points is a constraint on power, but it is also more conducive to protecting our cadres." Referring to this, Zhang Hongbang is not without emotion: "The process of finding risk points is also a process of self-reminding and self-improvement."

At the same time, the District Commission for Discipline Inspection and the Supervision Bureau have widely publicized the purpose, content and significance of the risk management mechanism against corruption in various pilot units through special training, key counseling and exchange seminars. Let people gradually understand and find out the risk points, not to "punish who", but to reduce the possibility of corruption, prevent delay and fundamentally protect cadres. Integrity risk management is to prevent integrity risks, and the theory that management is to prevent integrity risks has begun to take root in people's hearts.

From not understanding or even opposing to trust and support, the process of Zhang Hongbang's ideological transformation is also representative.

Finding risk points is only the first step in the prevention and management of clean government risks. Using the risk theory, Chongwen District also decomposes risk prevention into three lines of defense: prophase preventive measures, metaphase monitoring mechanism and anaphase disposal method, so as to ensure that risk prevention will follow wherever power runs.

Open the computer management system of Chongwen District Social Insurance Fund Management Center. On a detailed and comprehensive dynamic flow chart, the risk points, preventive measures and assessment standards corresponding to each job are readily available. Yang Zhigang, director of the social security center for high-risk posts, mentioned the risk prevention system for clean government. The evaluation was simple: "I can sleep well."

In his hands, the annual social security liquidity of more than 3 billion in the whole region is not correct every day, which may mean the emergence of a big loophole. Because of the fear of accidents, mistakes and great ideological pressure, it becomes his sober biological clock at three o'clock every morning on time.

"Discover risk points, make them public, and ensure the safety of the fund; In private, clarify responsibilities and prevent mistakes. " Yang Zhigang smiled and said, "Now, I can sleep till dawn." "At present, the social security fund management has basically formed a risk prevention and control management system with systematic internal control management, standardized post operation and well-founded post assessment, which runs through the whole process of power operation, solves the problem of fund's' running, running, dripping and leaking' and improves the work efficiency and standardization level."

This statement is correct. The implementation of anti-corruption risk management measures has enabled the District Labor and Social Security Bureau to find out 56 risk points from all aspects of the work flow, reorganize the work flow of 9 entrances, 22 exits and 22 fund channels of social insurance funds, further clarify the work responsibilities, and ensure the safe and efficient management of more than 3 billion yuan of social insurance funds every year.

The district procuratorate found out 39 1 possible integrity risk points in 92 posts in the hospital. By identifying the risk points in handling procedures and disciplines, we will supervise every key link in law enforcement activities.

Gymnasium streets will focus on the use of large amounts of funds, administrative examination and approval, serving the people, making government affairs public, and renovating dangerous buildings in cities.

……

Facts speak plainer than words. The linkage effect of checking leaks and filling gaps, perfecting the system, preventing the risk of clean government and promoting government with low cost has initially appeared.

After eight months' trial, investigation and demonstration, Chongwen District has successively solved the problems of perfect theoretical basis, risk identification methods, measures formulation approaches, assessment contents and work organization and implementation, and finally formed the Implementation Measures of Integrity Risk Prevention Management in Chongwen District (Trial) and its supporting documents.

On September 28th, 2007, Chongwen District held a mobilization meeting for the prevention and control of clean government risks, which started the prevention and control of clean government risks in an all-round way, and established a leading group for the prevention and control of clean government risks, including the District Commission for Discipline Inspection, the Organization Department of the District Committee, the Propaganda Department of the District Committee, the District Personnel Bureau, the District Finance Bureau, the District Audit Bureau and the District People's Procuratorate.

Risk prevention of clean government: a new way to prevent corruption

—— Practice and thinking on the management method of preventing the risk of clean government in Chongwen District, Beijing (part two)

The evaluation standard of the integrity risk index is three levels: the first level is risk, which is monitored by the discipline inspection team; The first sign is the second level, which is supervised by the efficiency construction supervisor; Those that may turn into risk signs are Grade III, which are monitored by department leaders; If it is determined that it cannot be turned into a risk, it is not within the monitoring scope for the time being.

Quantitative assessment standard is an important prerequisite to ensure that finding risk points can play its greatest role, but it is also a bottleneck encountered by the current risk management methods of clean government.

The assessment results of the risk prevention management of clean government are included in the assessment of the responsibility system for party style and clean government construction.

Games-

Tie the fence against corruption tighter.

Who is the subject of supervision in the prevention of clean government risk management? Is the integrity risk point accurate? Can preventive measures be formulated to prevent corruption? Whether the risk management of clean government can be standardized and quantified is the key.

According to the risk prevention and management mechanism of clean government, the evaluation standard of clean government risk index is three levels: the first level is risk, which is monitored by the discipline inspection team; The first sign is the second level, which is supervised by the efficiency construction supervisor; Those that may turn into risk signs are Grade III, which are monitored by department leaders; If it is determined that it cannot be turned into a risk, it is not within the monitoring scope for the time being.

But what is possible and what is impossible? Obviously, the way of department leaders' monitoring cannot avoid the interference of human factors. It is undoubtedly a management paradox to use one kind of discretion to supervise another.

"The best way to prevent the risk of clean government is to prevent the abuse of discretion." Liu Chunlin, director of Chongwen District Local Taxation Bureau, has his own views. He said that discretion is actually because there is no clear approval standard for a long time, which has left loopholes for corruption in many cases and formed a risk point of clean government.

However, it is obvious that the current management measures to prevent the risk of clean government in Chongwen District lack clear assessment marks and still cannot effectively solve this problem.

In this regard, as one of the main participants in the anti-corruption risk management system, Ni Zijian, secretary of the District Youth League Committee, said openly, "This is also a bottleneck encountered by the current anti-corruption risk management system." Because according to modern management theory, quantitative assessment standard is an important prerequisite to ensure the maximum benefit of risk points.

However, he believes that the focus and ultimate goal of the risk prevention management system of clean government in Chongwen District is to prevent corruption, or to prevent corruption to the maximum extent and reduce the possibility of corruption. Then, the preventive measures against the three types of risks, whether it is ideological and political education, the improvement of system measures or the clarification of post responsibilities, will achieve the goal to a certain extent as long as they play this role as much as possible and tighten the fence against corruption.

Although the effect of ideological education cannot be quantified, the number and frequency of ideological education can be quantified. Therefore, in the process of political and ideological education in Chongwen District, it is clearly required that political and ideological education and clean government culture education must reach a certain quantity and density in order to promote qualitative change through quantitative change.

And what adapts to it is the setting of the unique humanistic care system in Chongwen District. Care for party member cadres politically, ideologically, at work and in life. Carry out cultural and sports activities beneficial to physical and mental health, advocate positive life interest, and create a good cultural atmosphere of clean government. Put these vain achievements into practice to achieve the purpose of preventing corruption.

Like many reforms and innovations, the management methods of risk prevention of clean government itself need to be constantly improved. However, as Zhang Lan, member of the Standing Committee of the District Party Committee and secretary of the District Discipline Inspection Commission, said, the risk prevention and management of clean government is an attempt by Chongwen District to actively explore and expand the field of corruption prevention by borrowing modern management theory. Indeed, one medicine cannot cure all diseases, but its actual effect has told people that corruption must be effectively punished. At the same time, this way of actively preventing corruption is a kind of care and protection for party member cadres, and to some extent, it should probably play a more powerful role in a wider range.

This idea is being accepted by more people. The active promotion of Chongwen District Committee and District Commission for Discipline Inspection and the active support of all units have continuously improved and popularized this innovative way. By the end of last year, all the 122 units in Chongwen District involved in the prevention and control of integrity risks had submitted the implementation details on time as required, and more than 500 department-level cadres * * * found more than 4,000 risk points and formulated more than 6,000 preventive measures. More than 2,300 civil servants and10,000 cadres in party member, party and government organs, enterprises and institutions have generally received the education on the risk of clean government and actively participated in the work of finding out the risk points, laying a solid foundation for the implementation of clean government risk prevention management.

The assessment results of the risk prevention management of clean government are included in the inspection and assessment of the responsibility system for party style and clean government construction, which is an important basis for the selection, appointment and assessment of cadres. The leading group of district anti-corruption risk prevention management commended the assessment results of anti-corruption risk prevention management as excellent, issued rectification notices to unqualified units, and urged them to formulate measures, improve the system and strengthen supervision through follow-up visits. Units and departments that refuse to implement or fail to implement anti-corruption risk prevention measures shall be held responsible for the competent leaders and main leaders in accordance with relevant regulations.

The four links of PDCA are fully implemented in quality management, revised and improved, and promoted circularly.

Conduct regular inspections, build a risk monitoring network, establish risk disposal procedures, and strengthen supervision.

According to the assessment results, reward the superior and punish the inferior, correct the existing problems and further optimize the risk prevention measures.

It means-

Useful exploration and attempt

"What's the effect? It is still too early to talk about this. " Judging from the 37.5% drop in the incident rate and the number of letters and visits from the masses at the end of last year in the whole region, there has indeed been a significant decline. However, "this can not be simply attributed to the success of this management method, and contingency factors also exist." Although he regards the risk prevention management of clean government as his own "child", Zhang Lan's evaluation of it is sober.

According to the theory of total quality management, Chongwen District divides the risk prevention of clean government into four links, PDCA, and implements quality management in an all-round way.

-Plan. Find out the risk points and formulate the Detailed Rules for the Prevention and Management of Integrity Risks (hereinafter referred to as the Detailed Rules). It is necessary to achieve responsibility to people, clear tasks and sound mechanisms.

-Do (execution). According to the detailed implementation rules, we will conscientiously implement various risk prevention measures, play the role of "three lines of defense" to prevent corruption.

-Check (evaluate). Evaluate the quality of risk prevention. According to the method of combining regular self-examination with regular inspection, dynamic evaluation with comprehensive evaluation, comprehensively and systematically evaluate the implementation of various risk prevention measures, and form an annual evaluation report.

-Action (correction). Improve and perfect the risk prevention work. According to the assessment results, reward the superior and punish the inferior, correct the existing problems, further optimize the risk prevention measures, and start the next round of PDCA cycle of anti-corruption risk management.

PDCA cycle mode takes one year as a cycle, which is constantly revised and improved and promoted circularly. From the end of each year to the beginning of the following year, the district leading group should sum up work experience, check and fill gaps, and further revise and improve the risk management of clean government. All units should optimize preventive measures against existing risk points to improve the effectiveness of risk prevention work; For emerging risk points, preventive measures should be formulated in time to ensure the long-term effectiveness of risk prevention work.

At the same time, strengthen the supervision and inspection of the implementation of risk prevention management methods to ensure the effective operation of risk management. At the end of each quarter, 10% units shall be selected for inspection. The regular working meetings held by the district leading group and the smooth supervision channels of various people's incorruptible risks make Zhang Lan full of confidence in the incorruptible risk management methods: over time, the virtuous circle effect of PDCA will appear and play an active and effective role in preventing corruption.

Zhang Lan is not the only one who is full of confidence in the risk management method of clean government. Now, the heads of many units, including the District Local Taxation Bureau, the Procuratorate and the Social Security Bureau, have realized the promotion of the risk prevention management of clean government to the business work, and have begun to incorporate this work into the business work deployment throughout the year.

Liu Chunlin said, what they are doing now is to make a clear sign of integrity risk assessment. They are going to invest in the development of computer automatic generation modules to prevent human factors and maximize the benefits of clean government risk control.

From a certain point of view, the prevention and management of clean government risks determines the organic combination of the work of the Commission for Discipline Inspection, the Party Committee and the government. Moreover, the search for clean government risk points covers almost all important links in the work of all units and departments in the region, enriches the measures and methods to prevent corruption, and actively expands the field of preventing corruption from the source. There are 39 regulations, 7 new working mechanisms and 54 working measures at the district level alone.

It should be said that the anti-corruption risk management itself has made every party member cadre in Chongwen District begin to re-examine his post and power, which has broadened the bottom-up supervision channels to some extent and raised the awareness of preventing corruption. As Zhang Hongbang, director of Yongdingmenwai Taxation Office, said, "The process of finding risk points is also a process of self-reminding and self-improvement."

From the introduction to the present, the risk management measures of clean government in Chongwen District have come all the way. Although the road is not smooth, many problems have been encountered, and various tests and even some different voices have been faced, the reformers in Chongwen District have not retreated. Because they dare to emancipate their minds, explore and innovate, and dare to find, study and solve problems in practice. Moreover, the effect of anti-corruption risk management in Chongwen District at present also proves that this is a beneficial exploration and attempt.

Perhaps because of this, in the medium-and long-term goal formulated in the "Implementation Measures for the Management of Integrity Risk Prevention in Chongwen District", the reporter saw their firmer determination and confidence: by June 30, 2008, the whole district operation network covering all units, departments and fields in the whole district was basically built. Since July 2008 1, the integrity risk prevention management system in the whole region has been basically finalized, and at the same time, the information construction of integrity risk prevention management such as "integrity files" has been fully launched.