First, the application of shorthand in news interview.
Using shorthand to record interviews, take material notes and draft manuscripts can speed up the work progress, improve the timeliness and quality of news and win more readers. Journalists from major foreign news agencies can basically take shorthand, which plays an important role in the competition of journalists (according to a reference entitled "Shorthand in China needs to be revitalized" published by 1993, less than 0.6% of journalists in China can take shorthand).
Second, the application of shorthand in foreign affairs translation
In foreign affairs, translators use shorthand to help interpretation. Generally, the contents of the speeches of the parties in two different languages are recorded completely and quickly in shorthand, and then the shorthand notes are translated accurately and timely. If you use ordinary words and can't remember them at all, the translated content may be out of shape.
197 1 year, Kissinger secretly visited China and held talks with Zhou Enlai for dozens of hours, which opened the prelude to the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States. During the talks, Diane and Julie, two American secretaries brought by Kissinger, took shorthand, using Greg shorthand. On the Chinese side, Lian and Hu Fengxian (currently China's ambassador to South Africa) are stenographers. 1972 During Nixon's visit to China, Miss Woods, a White House stenographer, took shorthand, or Greg's shorthand, and sometimes Woods used an English shorthand machine. The stenographers in China are still Lian and Hu Fengxian.
Most important foreign affairs activities in China involve stenographers (sometimes translators). Therefore, the state has always attached great importance to the shorthand skills training of diplomatic translators. Zhou Enlai emphasized many times before his death that foreign translators must learn to use shorthand. Even during the "Cultural Revolution" turmoil, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs never stopped intensive training of shorthand skills for translators out of work needs. Hu Fengxian1971June graduated from the shorthand training course of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Third, the application of shorthand in judicial work.
In judicial work, the court's investigation, trial and mediation work, the statements and defenses of the parties, witnesses, experts and lawyers need to be recorded in detail. Prosecutors, lawyers and clerks can take notes in shorthand easily, freely and completely. Shorthand has been widely used in foreign judicial work, and court clerks have shorthand ability. The original materials recorded in shorthand can be filed after being signed, and have the same legal effect as the official text. At present, the China court system is promoting the use of a two-handed computer shorthand machine with a special keyboard-Chinese speed recorder, which was developed and invented by Professor Tang, president of the China Shorthand Society.
Fourthly, the application of shorthand in secretarial work.
Office workers have to deal with words every day, and using shorthand can make their work handy, relaxed and efficient.
No matter what kind of meeting, you can use shorthand to record the meeting content completely and accurately, and also reflect the elegance of the speaker. The complete part of the minutes of the famous Paris commune meeting was shorthand.
As the secretary of the senior leader, she is responsible for recording the instructions and speeches of the leader. During the first cooperation between China and America,1924,65438+1From October to August, Sun Yat-sen gave a public speech on "Three People's Principles" at Guangzhou Normal University once a week, and his secretary Huang Changgu took shorthand notes. This manuscript was proofread by Zou Lu, finally reviewed by Sun Yat-sen, and published by Shanghai Zhi Min Bookstore at the end of the same year. This is the famous Three People's Principles.
1896 5438+00 In June, the Sun Yat-sen London disaster that shocked the world at that time happened. Sun Yat-sen wrote the book "The Suffering in London" afterwards, telling the story when he came out of the embassy and was interviewed by a group of reporters. He said: "I entered the hotel, surrounded by people, and answered questions. All the interviewers (that is, reporters) wrote while answering. Their illness flew like flies and their hearts were stolen. Gaiyu didn't know that users were shorthand calligraphers at that time ... "This passage truly expressed Sun Yat-sen's surprise when he first discovered western shorthand. Because he had this experience and believed in the magical power of shorthand, he dared to let Huang Changgu record his important speech in shorthand.
Mao Zedong's famous works, such as Serving the People, Commemorating Bethune and Speech at Yan 'an Forum on Literature and Art, were all written according to the shorthand records of his stenographers in Yan 'an (Secretary of Henan Provincial Party Committee) and Zhong Zhang (Director of Xinjiang Statistics Bureau).
In office work, secretarial staff can greatly improve their work efficiency by using shorthand to answer the phone, collect information and contact business. In the investigation and research work, secretaries can use shorthand to capture the vivid language of the masses as the basis for writing investigation reports. In addition to recording oral English in shorthand, secretaries can also draft reports, speeches, resolutions, notices, summaries and other official documents in shorthand. Using shorthand to draft manuscripts can not only reduce the heavy text work, but also speed up the work progress and greatly improve the work efficiency.
Fifthly, the application of shorthand in literary creation.
Using shorthand in literary and artistic creation, a writer can be described as adding wings to the tiger, and several years of excellent works can be completed in one year. Many famous writers at home and abroad have used shorthand for creative activities.
The great English writer Bernard Shaw wrote plays in shorthand, and Defoe, the author of Robinson Crusoe, wrote many works in shorthand. Dickens talked many times about his study and use of shorthand in his autobiographical novel david copperfield. After the Russian revolutionary Chernyshevski was arrested and imprisoned, he still wrote in shorthand in prison. Many works by anna louise strong, an old friend of China people and a famous American writer, are written in shorthand. Smedley's book The Great Road, written according to his shorthand interview transcript, introduces in detail the brilliant achievements of Zhu De's life.
China started shorthand late. Mr. Guo Moruo studied Japanese shorthand and German shorthand in his early years, collected materials and drafted works in Japanese shorthand.
What is listed above is that writers use shorthand to draft manuscripts and directly use shorthand for literary and artistic creation. As for the writer's indirect use of shorthand, that is, the writer's dictation, many people have made great achievements by shorthand writers.
Tolstoy, a famous Russian writer, wrote many works, especially some of his later works, most of which were oral. He once said that "shorthand is used to express people's thoughts, which also promotes and strengthens people's thoughts". It can be seen that shorthand played an important role in Tolstoy's brilliant literary career. The Soviet writer simonov's "Day and Night" was also written by dictation and recorded by stenographers.
1in the autumn of 866, the wife and brother of the famous Russian writer Dostoevsky died one after another, and the publisher took the opportunity to blackmail him, forcing him to repay a large amount of debts owed by his brother before his death within a time limit, or to finish writing a novel within one month, otherwise the publisher has the right to publish all his works written in the next nine years without any remuneration. At the critical moment of difficulty, my friend recommended Anna, a young female stenographer. They worked closely together and finished the novel Gambler with 400,000 words in just 26 days, creating a miracle in the history of literature. Through shorthand, the old man and the young man became lifelong companions, which became a story in the history of world literature and shorthand.
Lin Shu is a prolific translator in China. He has translated and published nearly 100 foreign literary works in various languages in his life, but he knows nothing about foreign languages. It turned out that all his works were translated by people familiar with different foreign languages and recorded in shorthand. Chinese folk literature Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio and Zhang Shouchen's Stand-up Crosstalk Collection were also processed according to the shorthand notes of famous performing artists Chen Shihe and Zhang Shouchen.
Application of shorthand in scientific and technological work
Scientists and technicians are mainly engaged in scientific research activities, but they are still inseparable from writing. For example, drafting various scientific experiment reports, scientific papers, writing experiment records and so on. The application of shorthand can make scientific and technical personnel save a lot of working time and use it for new scientific exploration, thus making greater achievements and accelerating the process of scientific and technological modernization. In addition, stenographers can also cooperate with scientific and technological workers to help them record scientific and technological lectures and academic reports and carry out popular science propaganda.
Application of shorthand in personal daily work, study and life
In daily work, study and life, people can use shorthand to copy materials, draft learning experiences and write memoirs. Students in middle schools and universities can take notes in shorthand in class, which can avoid ignoring listening in the past, remember the passive situation of forgetting the first sentence in the last sentence, and improve their academic performance. Keep a diary in shorthand, record personal privacy and important intelligence information, and keep it confidential. This is just like Hawke, a famous British philosophical critic, said, "shorthand can make people write down what they want to remember quickly, and secondly, it can make people hide what they can't disclose."
From the above explanation, we can easily see that shorthand is widely used. In many writing situations, shorthand can make up for the lack of writing and even replace writing. Shorthand can be used before informal or formal written materials are formed. Shorthand is not limited by age, educational level and professional characteristics. Shorthand can improve the efficiency of work and study, whether it is leading cadres or staff in general organs, whether it is scholars, professors or young students. Shorthand can really be called everyone's right-hand man.
Eight, tape recorders and computers can not replace shorthand.
Shorthand is useful and should be studied and popularized so that it can play its due role in the "four modernizations". However, some people think that with the development of science, news interviews and meeting minutes can be recorded with tape recorders and typed with portable computers without learning shorthand. In fact, this is a confused understanding.
It is true that tape recorders and computers are advanced office equipment, but they have certain limitations. First of all, the price is high, and you have to buy a tape battery when you use it. All shorthand needs is a pen and some paper. In addition, you can't use tape recorders on any occasion (such as Chinese and foreign leaders' talks). Even if you can carry a tape recorder, putting the microphone on the interviewee's mouth will often make the atmosphere tense, which is far less relaxed and natural than taking notes while talking.
People who think that tape recorders can replace shorthand tend to think only of the records of meetings and interviews. In fact, shorthand can not only record spoken language, but also record silent language, such as drafting manuscripts and keeping diaries. A tape recorder can record sounds for people to listen to, but a tape recorder can't turn sounds into words. Writing readable materials is the main way to record and express ideas formed by the long-term development of human culture. Because written words will exist forever, shorthand will exist and develop for a long time as a means of rapid writing. Shorthand records language symbols that people can understand, while tape recorders record sounds that people can only hear and people can't see, so their forms and functions are different.
Masataro, a former Japanese minister, said in the preface of The Basic Course of Shorthand in China: People who don't know much about the role of shorthand are all people with low educational level. It is not an exaggeration to say that a society that does not give full play to shorthand is a culturally backward society.
In fact, in China, tape recorders and computers have been widely used among the masses in recent years, while in economically developed western countries, the popularity of tape recorders is much earlier than in China. But it is precisely in these countries that shorthand education is more popular than in China, shorthand is more widely used than in China, and there are more professional shorthand workers than in China. In Europe, America, Japan and other economically developed countries, shorthand courses are generally offered in middle schools and universities, and amateur shorthand training courses and shorthand research institutions abound in society.
It can be seen that shorthand, as a practical technology, is developing with the progress of society and the development of science and culture. In today's world, the more developed countries are, the more attention is paid to shorthand. It can be said that shorthand is a sign of a country's scientific and cultural development, and the view that shorthand is outdated is unfounded.