On the eve of the rebellion, how prosperous the Tang Dynasty was, and Yu Weijia was at peace! A song "Colorful Feather" is magnificent, showing the weather of the Tang Dynasty and writing a prosperous chapter. However, at the end of the song, "it was not until the sound of drums from Yuyang shook the whole earth and broke the tune of rainbow skirts and feathers" that it came to an end. At that time, the drums thundered and the sound of killing was everywhere. A powerful empire dominated by others collapsed!

In just eight years, it has fallen from "a small county with 10,000 households" to "a medium-sized town with less than 1,000 households". Looking at the Tang Empire at that time, four winds was full of smoke, rivers of blood, cold and hunger, and there were no crows thousands of miles away! The prosperous Chang 'an City and the majestic Daming Palace were reduced to ashes in the raging fire, dispersed with the wind, and vanished, as well as the elegance of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Since then, only endless sighs and bloody memories have been left to future generations!

In the 14th year of Tianbao in the lunar calendar (AD 755) 1 1 month15th, it was a sunny day in Lishan, Shaanxi. Although it is winter, it is sunny and brings warmth to Huaqing Palace. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty held his beloved Princess Yang Yuhuan in his arms, enjoying the sweetness of love in the warm sunshine, singing poems, enjoying tea and flowers, which was very pleasant.

While Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was intoxicated with picturesque scenery and picturesque beauty, the imperial secretary outside reported that there were eight hundred urgent messages coming from Taiyuan-Pinglu, Fanyang and Hedong. The interview in Hebei made An Lushan claim to have obtained the imperial edict to kill the traitor Yang.

So on the ninth day of November, an army of 6.5438+0.5 million marched in Fanyang. After hearing this, Xuanzong rebuked people for catching shadows, provoked the monarch and ministers, and ruined his interest. The reason why Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty made such a reaction was that for a long time, he often received a tip-off that An Lushan was going to rebel. But An Lushan remained "loyal" and did not rebel. But soon, Yan Zhenqing, the prefect of Pingyuan County at that time, sent the same message, which proved that Tang Xuanzong had to believe that An Lushan was indeed opposed.

Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty never imagined that An Lushan, his "confidant" and "minister of arms and stocks", would rise up against the Tang Dynasty. Caught off guard, he was as anxious as a cat on hot bricks, and hurriedly called Prime Minister Yang to discuss countermeasures.

After the agreement was reached, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty honored Wang Liwan as the Grand Marshal, and General Gao Xianzhi, the right Jinwu, as the Deputy Marshal. Together, they led the troops to the East Expedition, and appointed Feng Changqing as the Anxi Ambassador and Luoyang as the Pinglu Defender.

Because at that time, most of the elite main forces of the Tang Dynasty were guarding the border, and they couldn't rush back for a while, as the saying goes, "Far hydrolysis can't quench thirst", so the mainland was empty. In desperation, Tang Xuanzong sent general Bi as a special envoy to Luoyang to recruit soldiers to enrich the garrison. Before the rebellion broke out, the Tang Dynasty had been peaceful for nearly a hundred years, and generations had never seen what war was like. When they heard that there was a sudden puff of smoke, they were frightened and at a loss.

Therefore, despite the enthusiasm of serving the country, the recruits recruited have no combat experience and have not been well trained. The combat effectiveness of such a temporary team can be imagined.

Besides, the treacherous court official in the DPRK was in power, and Yang was not only incompetent, but also jealous. He chooses people according to his personal preference and has no political or military talent. So An Lushan's army was on a roll all the way, hardly meeting any decent resistance, and1February 12 attacked Luoyang.

Li Yu, who stayed in Tokyo, and Lu Yin in imperial history, never left, and finally died heroically. On the first day of the first month of the second year, the ambitious An Lushan proclaimed himself in Luoyang and changed to Wu Sheng.

In December, Chang 'an fell to Tianbao, Luoyang fell, and Feng Changqing and Gao Xianzhi retreated to Tongguan. The two men assessed the situation and thought that the enemy was going all out. However, due to the loss of Luoyang and low morale, our side should have built strong fortifications with the help of Tongguan natural barrier and could not stick to it. On the one hand, we can stick to waiting for help, on the other hand, we can train the army and help fight again.

Under the careful deployment of Feng and Gao, the Anshi Rebellion could not be captured for a long time, and the purpose of the rebels' quick victory was not achieved, which greatly dealt a blow to their morale and even made a plan to retreat.

The soldiers in front fought bloody battles, and the rumors of evil in the rear continued. At that time, the eunuch of the prison army ordered him to be at odds with Feng and Gao, and often slandered Xuanzong, saying that they were afraid of death and delayed their fighters. He also said that Feng Changqing could not avoid the war and shake the morale of the army; It is unforgivable to frame Gao Xianzhi for embezzling rations; It is also plausibly said that Feng Changqing and Gao Xianzhi want to collude with the Anshi Rebellion and take Chang 'an directly.

Tang Xuanzong was old and insane. He is no longer the clever SHEN WOO. He was frightened out of his wits by these detractors. He didn't do any detailed investigation, nor did he give Feng Hegao a chance to defend himself. He sent a border commander to the army to supervise and behead them.

In this way, Datang lost two experienced warriors for no reason. An Lushan was overjoyed, and Tang Xuanzong did something he wanted to do but couldn't. Once again, I struggled with the army and stormed Tongguan. However, the Tang Dynasty was not nervous at all, and the officials and people were optimistic that An Lushan could not enter Tongguan at all, and there was a famous Geshuhan.

Ge Shuhan is a star on par with Gao Xianzhi and Feng Changqing. Someone once wrote a poem praising: "This constellation with seven high stars is Shu Ge holding up his sword in the dark. There are no more barbarians, nor their horses, nor cows, who dare to wade the border. " It can be seen that Tang people have high expectations for Ge. However, at this time, it is difficult for Ge to be a great post, because he is ill at home and it is difficult to unify the army.

In the face of Xuanzong's will, he didn't accept it at first and explained the reasons to Xuanzong. However, Ge's aura was so dazzling that Xuanzong and Datang had high hopes for him. Finally, they drove the duck to the shelf and pulled him to the front. Ge knows that Feng Hegao's strategic deployment is correct. Therefore, he also ordered to stick to it, trying to drag down the Anshi rebellion and drag it to death until reinforcements arrived, and then launch a double attack to destroy the rebels, which would be a piece of cake.

At that time, Li Guangbi defeated Shi Siming's army in Hebei successively, and Shi led down archers to flee all the way. Li, Guo, 56-point thrashing, cut off the traffic with An Lushan, logistics is difficult to guarantee. In addition, Zhang Xun also led heavy troops to block the road to the south of Jianghuai during the Anshi Rebellion. An Lushan was very worried when he saw that he had been attacking Tongguan for a long time.

Tang Xuanzong was immersed in the joy of victory, and the ruling and opposition parties were even more jubilant, thinking that the rebellion would soon subside. At this time, in order to win the favor of Xuanzong, Yang kept offering slanderers, saying that An Lushan was a semi-final of the conference and had a simple mind, so he should take the initiative to defeat the rebels in one fell swoop.

Li Longji heard be elated, constantly urging Geshuhan to go through the customs and fight with An Lushan. Ge Shuhan advised several times that only by sticking to it and waiting until the enemy is tired and reinforcements arrive can we win the first world war.

Now attack, right in the heart of Anshi Rebellion, and fall into its trap. However, Emperor Xuanzong, who had been carried away by victory, paid no attention to this and directly gave Geshu a death order. Ge Shuhan shivered at the thought that the bones of two former generals were not cold. He thinks that if he doesn't attack again, he will be assassinated by a traitor. So, Ge crustily skin of head went out with troops, and was ambushed by An Lushan on the way. Hundreds of soldiers were completely annihilated, and he himself became a prisoner.

Tongguan fell, Chang 'an Gate was opened, and nearly 200,000 elite soldiers were lost. Today's Chang 'an is the meat on the chopping block in the Anshi Rebellion. When Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty learned that Tongguan had fallen, he was terrified out of his wits, and hurriedly fled to Sichuan with his prince, grandson, concubines, Gong E and his ministers.

A generation of elegance and prosperity, thousands of miles of ruins without a crow. After An Lushan took Tongguan, he broke Chang 'an as easy as blowing off dust. Chang 'an, which was once prosperous, suddenly became a purgatory on earth, and the rebels burned, killed and looted in the city, doing evil.

Anti-thieves searched door to door, not to mention the fineness of gold and silver. Even a copper coin left nothing for the people. Take what you can eat and use, and smash what you can't take. Not only that, after the looting, the house was burned down by fire.

In the eyes of the rebels, people are not people, but prey. Chang 'an became a hunting ground, and the rebels killed everyone they saw. At that time, Chang' an city was littered with corpses, rivers of blood and constant wailing, which was terrible.

The once bustling streets of Chang 'an are now full of ghosts under An Lushan's sword. The former wineries, teahouses and music houses were also reduced to ashes in the raging fire. Looking around, it is devastated and burned ruins everywhere. Grandson's mansion was ransacked and razed to the ground. The magnificent Daming Palace was also set on fire by the rebels.

Later generations wrote in detail about the tragic situation in Chang' an at that time, "The palace was burned, and there was no one in ten miles. The vegetation was deserted and there were no rafters." There were more than 2 million people in Gyeonggi area before. Less than 1000 households remained after the looting, death and escape of Anshi Rebellion. Many years later, the city of Chang 'an was full of thorns, weeds, desolation and ruin, and even wild animals such as jackals, which showed how tyrannical the rebels were in the Anshi Rebellion. A world-famous metropolis is overgrown with weeds and buried by smoke and dust. The Pearl of the Orient, so dim, no longer has its former glory.

Ma Wei mutinied, Su Zong ascended the throne, and the crisis gradually reversed. Shortly after the fall of Tongguan, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty fled hastily. You have to be as embarrassed as you were all the way, and the soldiers accompanying you were tortured, sleeping in the wind and exhausted. When people came to Maweipo, they were tired and hungry. When they think that they have suffered so much and suffered so much, their inner anger can no longer be suppressed. Everyone thinks that Yang Guifei is a femme fatale and Yang Bing is a national disgrace. I wish I could cut them into pieces.

General Chen told the prince through Li that he would kill Yang and others. Just then, Yang, the envoy of Tubo, was surrounded in the middle and complained to him why there was no water and food, while a group of people were making noise. Suddenly someone shouted, "Yang has rebelled!"

Yang was so scared that he didn't have time to think about it, so he jumped on the fast horse and prepared to escape. Seeing this situation, how can angry officers and men let him go? Stop him at once, shoot a horse, you shoot, I hit him, so Yang was killed alive.

They felt that revenge was not enough, so they dismembered his body, picked up his head with a gun and hung it in front of the post office. Not only that, Yang's son and son were also killed by Xue Jingxian, the magistrate of Chencang County. After everyone executed Yang, they focused on Yang Guifei again. Yang Guifei looked at her brother's tragic situation and was already terrified.

Now people's eyes are like cold sharp arrows, shooting at her chest. Chen He knelt down and asked Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty to give Yang Guifei a capital crime, so as to stabilize the morale of the army. Gao Lishi also urged Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty to lose his car and keep handsome, so as to stabilize the morale of the army and the people. Although Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was very reluctant, he was helpless and had to force Gao Lishi to hang Yang Guifei with a white silk. Later, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty led officials into Sichuan, while Wang Ziheng Li took his sons Li Ling and Li Chu to the north to fight against the rebellion, and the Anshi Rebellion reached its peak.

In 756 AD, Prince Hengli ascended the throne in Lingwu (now lingwu city, Ningxia), honoring Xuanzong as the emperor's father from afar, and changing Yuan to virtue, which was called Tang Suzong in history. Subsequently, Tang Suzong appointed Guo Ziyi as the Minister of War, the Minister of War and the General Affairs of the Ministry of War, and appointed the Northern Party as our time to lead an army to crusade against An Lushan. In the second year, Guo Ziyi wrote to Tang Suzong, recommending Li Guangbi as our time in Hedong.

Xu invited Guo and Li to lead an army into Hebei and join forces in Changshan. Together, they defeated An Lushan's subordinate Shi Siming, and Hebei was basically recovered in the Tang Dynasty.

The rebellion finally subsided when the rebels were destroyed. Just as Guo and Li marched forward bravely, there were many internal contradictions in the Anshi Rebellion, and infighting gradually increased. An Lushan had an eye disease. After he started fighting, his eyesight gradually declined and he could hardly see anything behind him. In addition, An Lushan himself was tyrannical, punching and kicking his left and right followers, cursing constantly, and even killing at will. Therefore, the attendants are afraid and hate him, and his personal eunuch Li Zhuer hates him even more. An Lushan is also very lucky to have a son for Duan. Qing En loves me, love my dog, and An Lushan dotes on this son. An Qingxu was very worried when he saw this situation. He was afraid that his position would be replaced by this younger brother in the future, and he could not sleep well every day.

In early 757, An Qingxu colluded with Zhuang Yan and Li Zhuer to kill An Lushan. One night, three people came to An Lushan's residence together. The guard didn't think much when he saw the three men. So ZhuangYan and AnQingXu stood outside watching, and Li Zhuer came in with a knife, walked to the front of the bed of An Lushan, ruthlessly stabbed him in the stomach. An Lushan shouted, blood and intestines flowed out of his stomach, and he soon died. An Qingxu and others soon dug a hole under An Lushan's bed, wrapped An Lushan's body in felt, hastily buried it, and ordered anyone who leaked the news to be killed without forgiveness.

Early the next morning, three people lied that An Lushan was dying and An Qingxu succeeded to the throne. Due to internal friction of the rebels, Tang Jun recovered Chang 'an and An Qingxu fled from Luoyang to Yecheng. His ministry Li Guiren led tens of thousands of troops and fled to Shi Siming. After An Qingxu fled to Yecheng, he continued to recruit and join his other ministries, with a total strength of about 60,000 people. And Shi Siming's strength gradually grew, and he began to be unfaithful.

Since September 758, nine local marshals, including Guo Ziyi in Shuofang and Li Guangbi in Hedong, each led an army with a total strength of 200,000, and besieged Yecheng An Qingxu from all directions.

An Qingxu lost more than 100,000 troops, but he could not get rid of the dilemma of being trapped in Yecheng. An Qingxu was cornered by Tang Jun, so he had to ask Shi Siming for help and promised him a big position. Shi Siming led130,000 troops and set out from john young to rescue Yecheng. Due to Tang Jun's decision-making mistakes, Yecheng could not be captured for a long time, and the route to provide grain and grass was cut off by Shi Siming, and the situation became more and more critical.

In March of the following year, Tang Jun and Shi Siming fought fiercely, with heavy casualties on both sides, and they fled all the way south. Shi Siming massed troops in Yecheng, trapped and killed An Qingxu, and actually took control of the rebels.

In March of 76 1 year, the rebels fought again, and Shi Siming was killed by his son Shi Chaoyi. The rebels broke away from Germany and were suspicious of each other, which eventually led to disintegration.

By the spring of 763, the rebels had basically become grasshoppers in autumn, and their failure was a foregone conclusion. Rebel generals Tian and Li Huaixian surrendered to Tang Jun successively, but Shi Chaoyi committed suicide on the way to escape. Nearly eight years of "An Shi Rebellion" came to an end.

The "An Shi Rebellion" was terrible, and China never saw the Tang Dynasty again. When An Lushan attacked Chang 'an, what the rebels did was outrageous. A generation of Fenghua capital was destroyed, and the people were ruined and beheaded. The bustling city, which was once full of singing and dancing and fragrant tea and wine, has become a purgatory on earth. At that time, it was not just Chang 'an who became a purgatory on earth. At the beginning of the war, the Tang Dynasty was not well prepared and the battle was unfavorable. The rebels have been fighting from Hebei to Henan.

The two sides fought fiercely in Henan, and the people of Henan suffered greatly. Both the rebels and Tang Jun suffered heavy losses because of the fierce fighting, so they were all able-bodied men in Henan, from ancient and rare old people to teenagers with tight hair, and they were all taken into the army to fill their heads.

Du Fu wrote this dehumanizing scene in Shi Qu Guan. After the old man climbed over the wall, the old woman "invited officials to come home at night" and then "was anxious to prepare for cooking in the morning". Three young people from a family were arrested and two died in battle. Up to now, even the elderly and women have survived. Even the officers and men are so cruel to arrest people. It is conceivable how the rebels will treat the local people.

Those who were taken away were forced to join the army, work as coolies, dig deep ditches, build high walls, and be driven away by people like cattle and horses. Those lucky enough to stay also bear heavy taxes. As we all know, there are two thousand gold coins in one shot. Since ancient times, war has been a game of burning money.

Therefore, people's homes were basically ransacked, and everything that can be eaten and used was basically ransacked. When Zhang Xun insisted on "Suiyang", he ran out of ammunition and had no choice but to feed the people in the city. At that time, people described the tragic situation in Henan and wrote, "Killing people like cutting, burning houses like death".

On the other hand, the rebels are more cruel to the people than the government troops. For example, in the Battle of yu zhou, Hebei Province, the rebels slaughtered 30,000 unarmed people in one day. Shi Siming is actually a devil in human skin. Every time you capture the ideal city, there will be a massacre.

All the old, the weak, the sick and the disabled were slaughtered, while able-bodied men and women were forcibly taken into military camps as soldiers and even used as rations. Rebels cross the border like locusts, and there is no one in the bare land thousands of miles away. The decisive battle between loyalists and rebels is often a battle of tens of thousands or hundreds of thousands of people.

ShaSheng deafening, rivers of blood, bones everywhere, these young men from the bottom working people, so disappeared into the dust of history, leaving nothing behind. "Old Tang Book" records: "There is a lack of military reserves and manpower. East to Zhengbian, north to Xufang, isolated from Xiangtu, is a thousand miles of depression. " Almost the whole middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River are desolate, with ten rooms and nine empty rooms, ruins and lifelessness everywhere. Du Fu couldn't help feeling: "After the lonely Tianbao, there are more than 100 families in my garden, and everything is in chaos."

Although the war mainly took place in the north, the situation in the south was not much better. Because the north has basically become a scorched earth, the population has basically been slaughtered, and even those who escaped by luck have basically escaped. Therefore, taxes, food and military supplies all need to be supplied from the south. The oppression suffered by farmers in the south is becoming more and more serious, and the class contradiction between farmers and landlords is also deepening.

Especially in Zhejiang, Huainan, Jiangxi, Hunan and other places, the government and the buffer region impose exorbitant taxes on the local people, and farmers are overwhelmed. Therefore, the peasant uprising in the south continues, and it is increasingly difficult for the working people at the bottom to make a living under the double oppression of officials and bandits.

In addition, due to the outbreak of civil strife, all the soldiers guarding the border were transferred back to the mainland to counter the rebellion, which led to the emptiness of the border defense. The neighboring ethnic minorities took the opportunity to invade, which caused great disasters to the people in the border areas. For example, Tubo in the west took the opportunity to occupy large areas of land such as Longyou and Hexi Corridor.

What's more, when the Tang Dynasty attacked Luoyang, Uighur cavalry were invited to help. However, after the capture of Luoyang, Uighur soldiers looted and looted the city for three days, and countless murders died by the sword.

The "An Shi Rebellion" caused domestic troubles and foreign invasion, which caused profound disasters to the people. According to historical records, the "Anshi Rebellion" directly led to the death of tens of millions of people and the population of the Tang Dynasty was cut off. The national economy also suffered a major blow, and the northern economy completely collapsed; The political system has also been hit hard, and the central government has gradually lost control of the localities. Since then, peasant uprisings have occurred from time to time, and the decline of the Tang Dynasty is inevitable.

This is not only the decline of the Tang Dynasty, but also the decline of the Chinese nation. In the next thousand years, the status and influence of the Chinese nation in the world can no longer reach the peak of the Tang Dynasty.

Today, we have established a new China with firm faith, and we are also on the road to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Taking history as a mirror, I believe that we will eventually revive the glory of the Tang Dynasty!