Celpe-Bras is a Portuguese proficiency test for foreigners whose mother tongue is not Portuguese. It is a language test conducted in Brazil and other countries under the sponsorship of the Brazilian Ministry of Education (MEC), Anisio teixeira Institute of Education (INEP) and the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MRE). Celpe-Bras certificate is the only Portuguese proficiency test certificate officially recognized by the Brazilian government.
Function of examination
Internationally, this certificate is recognized by enterprises and educational institutions as a proof of the professional level of Portuguese. In Brazil, universities require foreigners to hold Celpe-Bras certificates in order to take undergraduate or postgraduate courses. For foreigners who plan to work in Brazil, this certificate can be equivalent to a vocational diploma.
For foreigners who intend to study, work or immigrate to Brazil, holders of this card enjoy certain priority when applying for a visa to go abroad.
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The questions of the Portuguese proficiency test are compiled by an examination committee composed of teachers engaged in teaching and researching Portuguese as a foreign language in Brazilian universities. The Committee is responsible for guiding and supervising the work of each test center, training invigilators, compiling test questions, coordinating and reviewing exams, etc.
Certificate grading
Certificates are divided into four grades: intermediate, advanced, advanced and highest. Candidates' written test scores are the main reference scores, and the certificate level is a comprehensive evaluation of written test and oral test, not a simple addition of oral test and written test scores to get an average score. In other words, even if the oral test score is the highest, if the written test fails to reach the intermediate level (the lowest level of the certificate), the candidates will not be able to obtain the level test certificate. To reach the highest level, candidates need to reach the highest level in both oral and written tests. The difference in grades is reflected in the following three aspects: 1. The article (oral or written) conforms to the communication background (including whether the communication purpose is achieved, whether the narrative method and the communication target are appropriate); 2. Coherence and logic of expression; 3. Accuracy of language (including the use of vocabulary and grammatical structure, etc.). ).
Examination requirements
This kind of examination emphasizes communication, that is, it does not examine the understanding of language knowledge through grammar and vocabulary related topics, but examines the comprehensive application ability of language. The test questions are similar to the scenes often encountered in daily life. Although there are no clear questions about grammar or vocabulary, these factors are important aspects through the candidates' oral or written tests.
Examination time
Celpe-Bras conducts the test twice a year, in April and 10, respectively, and the registration time of the test is generally in February and March and August and September.
20 13 Brazilian Portuguese test time is April 27th.
Second, the business Portuguese exam
The Portuguese project of Zheshang Human Resources Exchange Service Center was approved by the service center and awarded the Qualification Certificate of Portuguese Translation Post. After completing all the courses and passing the examination, the trainees will receive the qualification certificate of Portuguese translation post issued by Jiangsu Business Human Resources Exchange Service Center.
In 2008, Zhejiang Province launched the first nationwide Portuguese training program. After nearly five years of successful education, it has successfully trained 26 outstanding Portuguese translators, enjoying a high reputation in the society and being highly recognized by the majority of employers.
20 13 notice of Zhejiang businessmen's Portuguese advanced translation exam
Examination time: 20 13 10 13.
Examination place: 5th floor, Fuxin Building, No.51Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province.
Examination fee: 480 yuan
Certification body: Zheshang Human Resources Service Center has few Portuguese learning materials available in China, mainly including the following:
1. Three hundred sentences in Portuguese, with tapes, published by Peking University Publishing House.
2. Portuguese 100 Sentence, with tape, published by Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, to welcome the 20 10 Shanghai World Expo.
3. Portuguese into 300 Sentences, published by Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
4. Pronunciation of Portuguese, edited by Wang Suoying, with tapes, published by Shanghai Foreign Language Audio-visual Publishing House, old edition, focusing on the pronunciation of Brazil and Portugal.
5. "Portuguese Pronunciation", edited by Xu Yixing, with VCD, the teaching content is Portuguese Pronunciation. 6. Tourism Portuguese, with tapes, published by Peking University Publishing House.
7. The Complete Works of Sino-Portuguese-English Dialogue, edited by Li Minglun, published by Liaoning Education Press.
8. Portuguese Grammar, edited by Wang Suoying/Lu, published by Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
9. Crash Portuguese, edited by Ye Zhiliang, published by Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
10. The Concise Portuguese Grammar, edited by Cai and published by the Commercial Press, is very simple and easy to understand. The key is that the person who compiled this book has a touching experience. Have a chance to read the preface of this book.
1 1. Practical Portuguese, edited by Zhang Li, published by Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
12. Practical Conversation in Portuguese, edited by Zhang Li and published by the Commercial Press.
13. Practical Portuguese 100 sentence, published by World Book Publishing Company (Shanghai).
14. Portuguese-Emergency Oral Communication, published by Tianjin University Press.
15. Vocabulary and Synonyms in Portuguese Universities, edited by Liu Yi, Shandong Science and Technology Publishing House. This book focuses on the vocabulary that a university should master in four years, and also provides opportunities for staff in the Portuguese-speaking field to expand their vocabulary through synonyms. It can be said that this book is second to none in China in terms of practicality, pertinence and convenience, so it will become a necessary reference book for all Portuguese-speaking students and most Portuguese-speaking staff.
16. Dictionary of Portuguese Practical Verb Collocation and Portuguese-Chinese Conversation, edited by Wang Fushan and published by Hainan Publishing House.
17. College Portuguese (two volumes), edited by Ye Zhiliang, an associate professor at Beijing Foreign Studies University, published by Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
18. Ten Days of Introduction to Portuguese (10 lessons * * *) is an introductory Portuguese course written by Zhang Hong in 2004, which is suitable for readers with English foundation to study by themselves. Enter "Ten-day Introduction to Portuguese" in Baidu to find the website.
It is worth mentioning that there is an electronic dictionary that is translated between Chinese, English and Portuguese, which has become popular in the market. Kang Mingduo translated English-Chinese Portuguese Electronic Dictionary (VT-03-P+ New Edition). This dictionary selects dialogues commonly used by 2,300 experts, covering all aspects of daily life. The three languages are translated into each other, all spoken by real people, and Chinese is pronounced in Mandarin and Cantonese. This dictionary contains 340000 words. Portuguese displays phonetic symbols, parts of speech, and grammatically deformed words (inflections of verbs, singular and plural nouns, and yin and yang of adjectives), while Chinese displays complex and simplified Chinese characters and pinyin, and there are two input methods of complex and simplified. All versions of Windows have Portuguese input method, which can be used conveniently after installation. Take the simplified Chinese version of WindowsXP as an example. The installation method is: point the mouse to "Options" in the language bar in the lower right corner of the desktop, click the right mouse button, and a drop-down menu will appear. Select Settings to open Language Settings. Click Add → Portuguese (Portugal) → OK.
The stressed letter input method is (take A as an example):
① Click], then click A and enter ×.
② Press Shift and] at the same time, and then press A to enter.
③ Click \, then click A, and enter? ; .
④ Press Shift and \ at the same time, then press A, and press Enter? ; .
5 click; (semicolon), enter? .
If you want to enter the letter ü, you should install the Portuguese (Brazil) keyboard as described above. The input method of the letter ü is: press Shift and 6 at the same time, then press U, and then enter ü. On the influence of Portuguese-speaking world from the perspective of Hong Kong-Macao relations
This paper attempts to explore the influence of the Portuguese-speaking world on the outside world and the role of Macao in the foreign exchange of the Portuguese-speaking world from some historical facts of the early relationship between Hong Kong and Macao.
The Portuguese knew Hong Kong earlier than the British. On the nautical chart of Portugal in the16th century, the book Lei Yue Gate in Hong Kong was once named as "Yanhekou", which shows that Portuguese merchant ships sailed between Hong Kong and Macao through Lei Yue Gate for a long time.
In the early days of Hong Kong's opening to the outside world in the 1940s, due to the convenience of geographical conditions, many Portuguese people settled and operated in Hong Kong from Macao. Castelo Yamada quoted Jia as saying in the article Portuguese Overseas Chinese in Hong Kong: "The life of Portuguese overseas Chinese living in Hong Kong is very hard. They have no place to entertain themselves after work during the day. At night, they dare not go out because gangsters are rampant in the city. They are quiet and hard-working people, and only spend the evening at home with relatives and friends. Ignore external transactions unless necessary. These early Portuguese Macao people in Hong Kong have made great contributions to the development of Hong Kong as an important port. "
In the 20 years since the opening of Hong Kong, at least 800 Portuguese have settled in Hong Kong. By 1860, nearly 40 Portuguese people were employed by the Hong Kong government, and more than 50 people were employed by ordinary British people and foreign firms. Those Portuguese who work in foreign companies often act as translators. Because people in China couldn't speak English at that time. At that time, a mixed language called pidgin English was very popular, but translators were still needed for important translation work.
Grampili, an early Portuguese from Macau, used to be a Hong Kong policeman. Seeing that the police force in Hong Kong was insufficient to cope with the increasingly heavy public security, he turned to the Macao police for help, which made the public security in Hong Kong slightly stable and the crime rate decreased. When the plague was prevalent in Victoria Prison in Hong Kong, Portuguese doctor Dr. Leng Zuo Belle was responsible for the treatment and made great contributions.
From an economic point of view, at the beginning of Hong Kong's opening, some Macao Portuguese people succeeded in doing business in Hong Kong. For example, J.J.dos Remedios from Macao ventured into the shipping service industry, and by the time of his death, his wealth had accumulated to 654.38+0 million yuan. This was a great fortune at that time. Another Portuguese navigator, Marcos Rosario, is Stephenson &; Co.), engaged in Australian port-related business and achieved success.
In the early years, the Portuguese in Macao set up large-scale enterprises in Hong Kong, including Victoria Pharmacy in Luoshan, Medicine Hall Pharmacy in Jiade, Queen's Road Pharmacy in Susan, Hong Kong soda company jointly organized by Costa and Deshan, etc. Smaller companies are those run by Dosley Di Mei, Marco Duo Luo Sanlue, Yidu Duo Belela and Robert Du De Xihua.
At the beginning of the 20th century, some businesses set up by Portuguese businessmen from Macao in Hong Kong were very prosperous, which played a great role in communicating the economic exchanges between the Portuguese-speaking world and the outside world. For example, 19 14 years ago, Portuguese businessmen (B.J.Botelho, J.HeitorBotelho, P.V.Botelho) founded Shaohe Foreign Firm in Hong Kong, and successively opened semicolons in Shanghai, Qingdao, Jinan, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Wuzhou, San Francisco and new york. The bank imports cigars, cigarettes, corks, cork products, packaging rings, sardines, preserves and so on. Produced in the Philippines, Portugal and the United States; Export China products such as tung oil, tea and firecrackers, and sell them all over the world; Concurrently engaged in shipping and commission agency business. There are many warehouses in Shanghai. For another example, 19 14 years ago, E.V.M.R.deSousa, a former employee of Li Sanyo, opened a very good Portuguese business in Des Voeux Road, Hong Kong. Co.) and set up a semicolon in Shanghai. This foreign firm imports flour, leather products, dyes, enamel products, food, glassware, cotton, linen, woolen cloth, electrical appliances, engines and so on. Export rice, tea, ginger, tinware, leather, hides, hair, essential oil and other China products. For another example, an economic and trading company established in Des Voeux Road, Hong Kong before 1925 has an office in Kowloon, representing several European and American manufacturers. Macao New Road Macao Economic and Trade Company, Economic Free Automobile Company and Macau West Transport Automobile Company are all its industries.
The Portuguese in Macao have made great contributions to the printing industry in Hong Kong. For example, in 1844, Delfino Noronha, a Portuguese from Macau, opened the famous Rolando printing plant in Hong Kong. Some people think that this is the beginning of the existence of Hong Kong printing houses, and Luolang is also the first place for Macao Portuguese to develop their business in Hong Kong. Luolangye Printing Factory prints the Hong Kong Government Gazette and other LTL services. 1867 was reorganized into a father-son company with the name "noronha &; Sons ",which covers the printing of China, British embassies and consulates, and deals in general books and stationery business. 1878, Museum and Shanghai Wangyi Paper Museum (Carvalho &; Co.), set up a semicolon in Shanghai. The museum's 1940s is still recorded. Before 1867, Portuguese businessman J.A. daLuz opened Jinsusu Printing Factory in Jiaxian Street, Hong Kong to undertake commercial printing business. 1884, Florindo Duarte Guedes, a Portuguese business opportunity, opened a printing factory for machine drivers in Yunxian Street, Hong Kong, engaged in printing and publishing business, and published Portuguese newspapers China China O Extremo Oriente, which are still recorded in the1920s. In the early years, Portuguese in Macao cooperated with Chinese in Hong Kong to mine silver and aluminum mines on Lantau Island in Hong Kong. Bai Le Jia wrote: "At that time, several Portuguese people cooperated with China people to mine silver and aluminum mines in two places on Lantau Island. One of these two places is in the present Silver Mine Bay and the other is Lima Pit. The older generation of residents here today still remember it. "
The Portuguese in Macao have also made great contributions to gardening in Hong Kong. They introduced some rare trees and flowers to Hong Kong. The aforementioned printing industrialist Laurent is also an enthusiastic amateur gardener. With the help of his friends, he introduced the famous fir and pine trees in Australia and the famous coconut trees in Singapore to Hong Kong. 1876, Laurent and another Portuguese businessman bought two plots of land and five acres of farmland in Yau Ma Tei, Kowloon. Laurent and amateur botanist Mathias Soares often take boats from Hong Kong Island to Yau Ma Tei to engage in gardening, and produced pineapples in European gardens on the mainland for the first time. Pineapple cultivation later became an important industry in the New Territories. At that time, bananas, cherries, peach trees, figs and common guavas in the orchard of Laurent leaves in Yau Ma Tei grew smoothly and got a bumper harvest. Portuguese from Macao are keen on growing flowers in Hong Kong. /kloc-At the end of 0/9, a well-run and largest garden in Kowloon provided a large number of flowers for the Hong Kong Flower Show every year. This garden is owned by the Portuguese. Solis is an amateur botanist. He has a small garden in Sai Ying Pun, where he conducts flower cultivation experiments. He introduced the bulb of ginger lily to Hong Kong, and made it appear on the dining table or other decorations of residents in summer. A.G.Romano later served as the Consul General of Portugal in Hong Kong and managed a garden in Pokfulam. His greatest hobby is cultivating rare flowers and collecting ferns and orchids.
In terms of language, the Portuguese in Macao have exerted a certain influence on English, especially the English vocabulary related to oriental things. In the early years, the contact between the Portuguese and the British in Macau, Guangzhou and finally in Hong Kong led them to introduce many pure Portuguese words and words borrowed by the Portuguese from other nationalities into English. The Portuguese dialect in Macau also had an important influence on Yang Jing English, which came into being in the early stage of Sino-British trade. This can be seen from early documents and letters. The words introduced into English by Portuguese in Macao are mainly related to business, involving finance, currency, weights and measures, etc., such as picul (burden), cathy (catty), cash (cash), etc., which are not from Chinese. There are also some words related to business and production in English from Portuguese. Such as bamboo (bamboo), banana (banana), bhang (Indian hemp), mango (mango), cassava starch (cassava starch), papaya (potato papaya), plantain (plantain), betel nut (betel nut), jackfruit (pineapple) and saffron (saffron). Sandalwood (sandalwood), sea cucumber (sea cucumber), cocoa (cocoa), agar (cauliflower), shochu (shochu), ginseng, etc.
The words commonly used in English that are purely from Portuguese are praia (the capital of Cape Verde Islands), verandah (Corridor), mandarin (the official language of China), comprador linguist (linguist), galleon (Spanish galleon), caravel (Spanish and Portuguese sloop) and stevedore (dockworker). There are also some words that were later used in English. Such as Bazaar (Oriental Fair), bungalow (bungalow), pagoda (tower), courtyard (yard), grandmother (nanny), boy (boy, footman), coolie (coolie), laskar (Indian sailor), Pian (servant, servant) and Seboyi (India in the British army). European hulls such as dhows (massage), tanks (large containers), calico (polished calico), curry (curry), desiccated coconut (copra), jute (jute) were first used by Portuguese in Southeast Asia such as India, and then introduced to Macau and other places. Commonly used terms related to household articles include porcelain, parasol, palang guin (sedan chair carried by four or six people in eastern countries), spittoon (spittoon), kimono (kimono), printed cloth (white cloth), taffeta (taffeta), shawl (shawl, scarf) and so on.
The names of some animals and insects in English are influenced by the Portuguese, such as crocodile, albatross, buffalo, cobra and mosquito.
The historical facts of the early relationship between Hong Kong and Macao show that the Portuguese-speaking world once had a certain influence on the development of Hong Kong. Macao is the foreign exchange center of the Portuguese-speaking world in Asia, which promotes the economic exchange and language and cultural exchange between the Portuguese-speaking world and the outside world. If Macao can maintain this historical tradition in the future and continue to promote economic and cultural exchanges between the Portuguese-speaking world and the outside world, Macao will make more contributions to world peace and human development. 1. Dehousse City-City of God (2002)
Director: Fernando Merilskatia Luther
Starring: Alexander Rodriguez, Riande Enes Fermino, Philip Haysen, douglas silva, Jonathan Haysen, matheus nachtergaele Seugeman Galinha JaPhi Tran de Supolice Braga.
Premiere: 2002-05- 18 movie duration 130 minutes.
Type: crime thriller
Region: Brazil
Dubbing: Portuguese
2. Invader OInvasor(2002)
Director: Berto Brandt
Starring: Marco Rica Alexandre Borges, Paul Miclos Mariana Ximenes Malumad Chris Cotto (II) George freire (I) Tana Correa Jem del Kuito Cybertasi.
Premiere: 2002-01-197 minutes.
Type: plot thriller
Region: Brazil
Dubbing: Portuguese