(2) Laboratory site selection and room function configuration. Laboratories are generally located in well-ventilated places far away from people's living areas, and there are appropriate waste liquid discharge and treatment measures. However, for small laboratories in most mines, design laboratories are generally not established separately, and most of them use existing houses or several existing production workshops and houses. In this case, it is best to choose a corner room and design the ventilation outside, which can effectively avoid affecting the living area.
(3) The following questions should be considered in the site selection of small laboratories: 1. Operating room: Generally, one room is enough. 2. Instrument room: a separate room is needed to avoid corrosive acid gas in the operation room from corroding the analytical instrument and affecting its accuracy. 3. Balance room: it can be set in the office or isolated in the instrument room and operation room, so as to prevent the corrosion of electronic balance. 4. Sample processing workshop: it is necessary to set up a sample processing workshop, especially a laboratory prototype. If the sample size is too coarse and the fineness is less than -200 mesh, it will also seriously affect the test results. (especially the samples of general factory production process,
-200 mesh can only reach about 65%, and it needs to be processed again before it can be detected. 5. Simple material library and sample library.
(4) Necessary laboratory hardware requirements 1, water and electricity 2, ventilation facilities 3, heating facilities (for sample digestion).
Second, the laboratory safety precautions
Security risks are everywhere, and the key is to find and prevent them in time. Mobilizing all employees to do a good job in safety training and education is also a good measure to improve the awareness of safety production and eliminate potential safety hazards.
(a) things that may cause harm 1, chemical danger; 2. High pressure hazard: acetylene, oxygen and other gas cylinders; 3. Electrical hazard; 4. Fire and explosion; 5. Burn or scald; 6, radiation hazards (2) common sense of safe operation
Common sense of using sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid, perchloric acid, bromine water, sodium peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, etc.
(3) Protective measures 1, and good ventilation facilities; 2. Fire fighting equipment; 3. Danger warning signs: attention, caution, warning and danger.
(4) System regulation: 1. Personnel are authorized to enter; 2. Children are not allowed to enter; 3. Personal health care: (1) It is forbidden to suck pipettes by mouth; (2) It is forbidden to eat, drink, chew gum, smoke, paint and store food in the laboratory; (3) Good operating habits, such as not littering containers such as volumetric bottles at will, are likely to cause other people's clothing pollution. 4. Sharp objects are prohibited from breaking glassware (1); (2) Sharp glass or ceramic fragments should be collected into trash cans, plastic bags, garbage baskets or other containers for treatment in time; (3) Unless absolutely necessary, use sharp tools such as knives and glass straws as little as possible. 5. Laboratory work clothes: (1) Laboratory personnel must wear corresponding protective clothes when handling chemicals; (2) It is forbidden to wear laboratory white coats outside the laboratory; (3) Laboratory coats must be cleaned or treated in an appropriate way. It is forbidden to wash experimental clothing or other protective clothing in the dormitory; (4) The lab coat with the front opening must be fastened when working. 6, the laboratory should be equipped with enough safety equipment and first aid equipment, etc. ; 7, laboratory analysts should seriously abide by the experimental operation specification, understand the use of instruments and equipment and possible accidents in the process of operation. Know how to deal with accidents; 8. When carrying out dangerous operations, such as handling inflammable and explosive materials, hazardous waste liquid, sampling and analysis of hazardous materials, etc., the experimenter should wear protective clothing and be accompanied by a second person, who should be able to clearly and completely observe the whole operation process; 9. When the glass tube is separated from the rubber hose and rubber plug, it should be wetted with water first, and work gloves should be put on to prevent the glass tube from being broken and punctured; 10, when using concentrated hydrochloric acid, concentrated nitric acid and concentrated ammonia water to open reagent bottle, take protective equipment, cool it with cold water before opening it, and don't treat people with the bottle mouth; 1 1. Dilution of concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid is an exothermic process. If necessary, it should be cooled with cold water in time. Concentrated sulfuric acid can only be poured into water slowly, not backwards. When pouring, the glass rod should be constantly stirred; 12, don't leave the post without authorization when operating, and someone with processing ability should be responsible when leaving the post; 13. Eating is strictly prohibited in the laboratory (the smoking company has explicitly prohibited it), and food cannot be placed or processed in the experimental utensils. Wash your hands with hand sanitizer (detergent) before leaving the room; 14, wear work clothes, don't shawl your long hair, tie it up, and don't wear work clothes in public places such as canteens. Wear protective equipment when performing dangerous work. It is recommended to wear glasses when operating experiments; 15. Check the water and electricity transom before leaving the company after work every day, and lock the door after inspection. Nanjing guqi analytical instrument manufacturing co., ltd. central laboratory