Abstract: With the continuous expansion of the enrollment scale of colleges and universities and the impact of the global financial crisis, the problem of employment difficulties for recent college graduates has become increasingly prominent. The vocational adaptability and post competence of college graduates have become the key factors restricting their smooth employment. Based on the analysis of the present situation of college students' vocational training, this paper puts forward some countermeasures to carry out college students' vocational training, and strives to effectively enhance students' employment competitiveness by improving and perfecting the implementation channels, so as to provide reference methods for college students' vocational training. [Keywords:] college students vocational training countermeasures

From 1985 to 2008, the number of college graduates in China increased from 320,000 to 665,438+10,000. Faced with such a rapid growth rate, the employment pressure of college students has become a severe test that every graduate must face. In recent years, the average employment rate of college graduates has shown a downward trend: 80% in 2002, 83% in 2003, 73% in 2004, 72.06% in 2005, 62% in 2006 and 60% in 2007. Under the influence of the global financial crisis, the problem of college students' employment difficulty is more prominent and the employment situation is more severe. However, the employment rate of technical school graduates in China is above 90%, and a large number of key demonstration technical schools even reach 100%. However, in China's coastal cities, there is a phenomenon that college graduates return to technical schools after graduation, and enterprises also say that it is difficult to find suitable talents.

This dislocation phenomenon shows that college graduates have the academic requirements of the post, but they can't meet the actual post requirements of enterprises because of the lack of operational skills. This phenomenon makes us realize that to solve the problem of college students' employment difficulties, we must keep up with the development pace of the industry, start from the requirements of the industry and enterprises, carry out vocational training and training for college students, encourage students to participate in vocational training, improve their vocational adaptability, and make them competitive and sustainable. First, the status quo and problems of college students' vocational training

At present, the employment competition of college students is increasingly manifested as the competition of human capital. Strengthening college students' vocational training is undoubtedly an important way to improve their professional quality and an important means to build their core competitiveness. The importance of training has become the consensus of many college students, but there are still many problems in the existing training concept and training management system, mainly in the following three aspects:

1. Insufficient understanding of the importance of vocational training. The understanding of training is not in place, training is not integrated into the development strategy of the whole college students and the development plan of human resources, and there is a lack of strategic thinking to gain competitive advantage for college students through training, which is mainly manifested in the lack of attention to training under the new situation. Some universities still regard training as a management cost, and have not really established the concept that training is an investment. Think of training as a cost. As a cost, of course, it should be reduced as much as possible, so the investment in vocational training is less and the training is simplified. Some college students simplify vocational training and think that organizing several trainings for students can solve the problem of college students' professional quality. Some students have a poor understanding of vocational skills training, and even misunderstand the national vocational qualification certificate training and examination organized by the school as a means for the school to earn students' money, which is quite contradictory. As we all know, people are the most difficult to cultivate. "Ten years of trees, a hundred years of tree people." It takes a process for college students to become talents, and there are many uncertain factors that affect their growth. It is not enough to solve the problems of college students only by several trainings. On the other hand, the school lacks in-depth understanding and vigorous publicity for college students to participate in vocational qualification training, and has not formed a system and a long-term mechanism. It simply thinks that vocational training is to introduce several professional qualifications and hire several industry experts to give lectures, which leads to poor vocational training results.

2. The way of vocational training is too simple and the process is discontinuous. In terms of training methods, many universities or training institutions adopt the traditional teaching methods of "teaching" and "training teachers to speak and students to listen". With the passage of time, students will easily get bored and lose interest in learning. There are also some training institutions that show videos, thinking that this can not only reduce costs, but also flexibly master the training content, so that college students simply think that vocational training is to show videos. These methods are easy to leave a boring impression on college students, which greatly reduces the training effect and benefit. Training should focus on learning knowledge and mastering skills, and the key is to strengthen students' vocational skills. Training institutions should vigorously study how to effectively strengthen students' career.

Means and methods of skill training. Learning is a process that runs through the development of college students, and training is of course accompanied by it. Training should be a mechanism and a long-term uninterrupted process.

3. The planning and objectives of college students' vocational training are unclear. There are many kinds of vocational training, which seem important on the surface, but can't be institutionalized and systematized in essence. There is a lack of systematic planning in the professional knowledge and skills, training time and training methods that college students need. There are quite a lot of vocational training, and its training purpose is not clear. They believe that training is the study of professional skills and theoretical knowledge, which has nothing to do with the long-term development of college students. Most training institutions lack the overall planning of training from the strategic height of college students' career development, and only focus on the short-term goals of college students, ignoring the long-term goals, which leads to the blind and random vocational training for college students at this stage and fails to achieve the training effect.

Second, the countermeasures and measures to further strengthen the vocational training of college students

Vocational training for college students means that colleges and universities, in order to achieve their own development goals, promote students to improve their knowledge, skills, quality and attitude through teaching, practice and experiments, so as to ensure that college students can complete their tasks and work according to the expected standards or levels. Vigorously developing college students' vocational training is not only a practical need, but also of strategic significance. The countermeasures that can be taken are as follows:

1. Increase students' understanding of social needs and improve college students' cognitive level of vocational training. At school, college students mainly focus on the study of theoretical knowledge, but relatively little on the training of practical skills. What society needs is talents with both academic qualifications and vocational skills. The phenomenon that college graduates are difficult to find jobs makes people realize more and more that choosing jobs must proceed from reality, and what jobs the society needs should be cultivated and brought up according to the requirements of what jobs; What jobs are there in the labor market? Choose from those jobs. Therefore, increasing college students' understanding of social needs is of great significance for improving their cognitive level of vocational training, ensuring that the concept of vocational training is recognized by college students and effectively implementing vocational training. 2. The school further raises awareness and lays a solid foundation for strengthening college students' vocational training. Schools should attach importance to vocational skills training, increase investment in vocational skills training, introduce advanced teaching equipment, establish brand-new training concepts, change old concepts, closely link vocational training with college students' personal career development strategies, pay attention to their survival and development, and put college students' vocational training on the important agenda. The success or failure of college students' vocational training depends largely on whether the concept of leadership training has been improved. First-class college students, first-class training makes first-class talents, and it is talents who promote social progress. As long as we face up to the concept and attach importance to the cultivation and development of human resources, college students can gain the motivation of sustainable development.

3. Make a scientific training plan to further strengthen the vocational training of college students. Training plan is a vocational training plan based on the short-term, medium-term and long-term development strategic objectives of college students. A scientific and effective training plan can improve college students' attitude towards choosing a job, improve their quality and cultivate their ability, and finally achieve the goal of improving their employment competitiveness. Therefore, we must carefully analyze the training needs and make reasonable arrangements for the contents, methods, time and teachers of vocational training. Put forward different goals and design different training contents for different training objects, so that this plan can meet the overall development needs of college students and their current needs. Completely change the existing practice of blind, unplanned training, relying on experience and following the trend, and truly promote the development of college students with training and guide their development with training.

4. Pay attention to training methods, strive to achieve the best results, and further strengthen vocational training. College students' vocational training should adopt flexible and diverse teaching methods to improve the quality and effect of training. First of all, to guide students to actively participate in teaching and give full play to their main role, we must change the old teaching mode and mobilize students' enthusiasm and initiative through lectures, seminars and on-site observation. Secondly, we should pay attention to heuristic training, collect a large number of cases in practical work, extract components with teaching value, and improve the ability of trained college students to solve and analyze problems. Finally, the design of training methods should also pay attention to students' knowledge and work types, which can stimulate learning interest and change passive training into active learning, thus achieving satisfactory training results. 5. Establish an effective training evaluation mechanism to further improve the level of vocational training. Whether the employability of college students can be improved through training depends on the production of training evaluation machine. Carry out activities such as college students' vocational skills competition, and reward college students who have passed the training and achieved good results, or even exceeded the training purpose. Special incentive funds can be set up to reward learning stars and technical experts.

Innovative experts were commended. Informed criticism will be awarded to the college students whose training effect is not good. Only in this way can we attract the attention of college students and then make them devote themselves to training.

Third, the construction of college students' vocational training content

On the basis of establishing and perfecting long-term mechanism and standardized assessment mechanism, it is of great significance to construct more comprehensive vocational training content for college students.

1. Jointly construct the content of in-service teacher-student training. In the process of college students' vocational training, it is necessary to select skill practice modules, effectively train in-service teachers, promote the co-training between teachers and students, enhance the concept of in-service teachers' vocational training, improve their practical ability and improve the quality of double-qualified teachers. Co-training between teachers and students is of great significance for promoting teacher-student exchanges and improving students' enthusiasm for vocational training.

2. Professional ethics training. Professional ethics refers to the behavior principles and basic norms that employees should follow in their professional life, and is an important part of professional quality. Professional ethics should be: love their jobs and work hard; Selfless dedication, honesty and trustworthiness; Law-abiding, civilized and polite; Sincere and fair, reputation first, etc. As an employee, good professional ethics is one of the necessary professional qualities, the most common and basic moral requirement for employees, the premise and foundation for doing a good job, and one of the necessary conditions for personal development. Good professional ethics helps employees to love their industry, correct their attitude towards study and work, improve their sense of performing their duties, study their business assiduously and improve their work efficiency and level. 3. Communication skills training. The interpersonal relationship of the employer is complex, so it is necessary to deal with the relationship with colleagues and superiors. This requires employees to have a strong sense of communication, master communication principles, have good communication skills and abilities, actively communicate with colleagues and superiors, timely resolve misunderstandings and contradictions in interpersonal relationships, and learn to listen to different opinions and suggestions. Some problems in the work process also require employees to actively communicate and coordinate in an appropriate way, so as to establish good interpersonal relationships, work effectively and achieve career success in complex and changeable social exchanges. 4. Cooperation ability training. Willing to cooperate and being good at cooperation are the main cornerstones of humanistic spirit in modern society. Any product is the result of teamwork and needs the close cooperation of all departments and employees. Only by uniting and cooperating with the overall situation can we obtain good overall interests. Employees have good cooperation ability, support each other with superiors and subordinates and colleagues, cooperate closely, cooperate with each other, respect each other, unite and cooperate with each other, and trust each other, so that enterprises will have strong cohesion and combat effectiveness.

5. Job skills training. On-the-job skills training is an important way for college students to seamlessly connect with their jobs and improve their employability. Strengthen job skills training, and reasonably arrange the teaching content and matching ratio of theoretical knowledge and practical skills. College students should not only master practical application methods, but also learn to effectively use the theoretical knowledge they have learned in practical activities. In addition, theoretical knowledge should be as close as possible to reality, and the training of practical skills should also run through the study of theoretical knowledge and be organically combined with it. In short, skills, skills training and various teaching practices are the best embodiment of the combination of theory and practice.

Strengthening college students' vocational training is a systematic project involving political, cultural, economic and social development, which cannot be achieved overnight. To do a good job in vocational training under the new situation, only on the basis of raising awareness, according to the development plan of college students, with full enthusiasm, scientific and rigorous attitude, relying on active exploration and accumulated experience, can we strengthen the vocational training of college students, promote their healthy, sustained and rapid growth, and effectively improve their employability.