1, financial allocation
Financial allocation is the money allocated by the government to support enterprises free of charge. In order to reflect the policy-oriented role of financial allocation, this kind of allocation usually has strict policy conditions, and only enterprises that meet the reporting conditions can apply for allocation; At the same time, there are clear conditions for use, and the government has stipulated the specific use of funds when approving the appropriation.
2. Financial discount
Financial discount refers to the subsidy given by the government to the bank loan interest of the loan-bearing enterprises in order to support the development of specific fields or regions according to the national macroeconomic situation and policy objectives. The subsidy object of financial discount is usually a certain type of project that meets the reporting conditions. For example, agricultural industrialization projects and technological innovation projects of small and medium-sized enterprises.
Discount items are usually comprehensive items, including equipment purchase, personnel training, research and development expenses, personnel expenses, service purchase, etc. Can also be a single item, such as limited to fixed assets loan projects.
At present, there are two main ways of financial discount. First, the finance will directly pay the discount interest funds to the beneficiary enterprises. For example, in order to support the professional development of small and medium-sized enterprises, the government provides discount loans to projects in which small and medium-sized enterprises mainly invest in bank loans; Second, the finance will directly allocate the discount interest funds to the lending banks, and the lending banks will provide loans to enterprises at preferential interest rates lower than the market interest rate.
3. Tax refund
Tax refund is a kind of government subsidy given by the government in the form of tax preference. Tax refund mainly includes income tax that is refunded first and turnover tax that is refunded first, among which turnover tax includes value-added tax, tax and business tax. There are also tax incentives. If the tax is collected according to the facts first and then returned in cash, it is also a tax declaration in essence.
There are two accounting methods for government subsidies: income method and capital method.
The so-called income method is to include government subsidies in the current income or deferred revenue; The so-called capital law is to incorporate government subsidies into owners' equity. There are two specific methods of income method: gross method and net method. The total amount method is to recognize the full amount of government subsidies as income, rather than as a deduction of the book balance or expenses of related assets.
The net method is to recognize government subsidies as the book balance of related assets or the deduction of compensated expenses. The criteria of government subsidies require that the total amount method in the income method reflect the relevant information of government subsidies more truly and completely. In the application guide of accounting standards, it is required to pass the accounts of "other receivables", "non-operating income" and "deferred income".
"deferred revenue" accounts for government subsidies that cannot be calculated at one time but should be included in the current profits and losses by stages. Government subsidies included in the current profits and losses are directly included in the "non-operating income" subject; Related to assets or income in the future, first included in the "deferred revenue" subject, and then included in the "non-operating income" subject by stages.
Government subsidies obtained by enterprises are recognized as non-operating income because they are part of the inflow of economic benefits in daily activities. However, because it is free of charge and does not meet the confirmation conditions of sales income or labor income, it is included in the "non-operating income" account or included in the "non-operating income" account by stages through the "deferred income" account.