After more than 380 failures, more than 200 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines were studied experimentally, and modern medicine and methods were used to analyze and study, and the extraction methods were continuously improved. Finally, the antimalarial excavation of Artemisia annua was successfully realized in 197 1.
1972, Tu Youyou and her colleagues extracted a colorless crystal from Artemisia annua with the molecular formula of C15h2O5, which is an effective component with a melting point of 156℃ ~ 157℃. They named this colorless crystal as artemisinin.
Artemisinin is a new antimalarial drug, which has the advantages of "high efficiency, quick response and low toxicity" and has special effects on all kinds of malaria, especially drug-resistant malaria. 1986, "artemisinin" obtained the new drug certificate (86 Wei Yao Zheng Zi X-0 1). 1979 won the "National Invention Award".
Extended data:
198 1 10 In June, the fourth seminar on malaria chemotherapy sponsored by the World Health Organization was held in Beijing. Tu Youyou spoke for the first time on the topic of "Chemical Research on Artemisinin", which aroused great interest of the participants, and thought that "the more important significance of this new discovery is that it will point out the direction for further designing and synthesizing new drugs".
In this report, Tu Youyou proposed to develop compound artemisinin to prevent and delay the emergence of drug resistance, but it did not get the attention of international counterparts. China began to develop compound drugs, and developed a series of compound drugs such as compound artemether. In 2005, The Lancet, a medical journal, published an article pointing out that the study found that the sensitivity of plasmodium to artemisinin decreased in areas where artemisinin was used unilaterally.
This means that plasmodium may begin to appear drug resistance. WHO began to completely ban the use of artemisinin and switched to artemisinin combination therapy (ACT), and recommended a variety of combination therapies, that is, each therapy includes artemisinin compounds and 1 chemical drugs. This shows that the foresight of scientists in China is correct.
20 15,10/0/0. On 5 October, Caroline Medical College of Sweden announced in Stockholm that Tu Youyou, william campbell and Satoshi Omura, female pharmacists from China and chief researchers of Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, had won the 20 15 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
This is the first time that a scientist from China has won the Nobel Prize for his scientific research in China, and it is also the highest prize won by the China medical community so far. The reason is that she discovered artemisinin, which can effectively reduce the mortality rate of malaria patients.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Tu Youyou
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-artemisinin